and attention and also give more impression conveying and explaining information, messages, ideas, etc., in the learning and teaching process easily.
2.2.5 Definition of Effectiveness
The effectiveness of a strategy which used in teaching process can help the teacher to achieve the goal of learning. The effectiveness itself has some meanings
as follows: According to Schillinger 2010:20, “Effectiveness refers to the
intervention’s ability to do more good than harm for the target population in a real world setting.” Next, Seiler, et. al. 2013:5 state that, “Effectiveness is the ability
to achieve goals.” From the definitions above, I conclude that effectiveness is a successful way
in achieving the aim which has been settled before. In the present study, I try to find out the effectiveness of media strategy to
improve the students’ achievement in writing narrative text of senior high school. It is conducted to know which one is more effective between audio-visual strategy
and visual media strategy in teaching writing narrative text.
2.2.6 Quasi Experimental Research
In order to answer and prove the research hypothesis whether using media strategy is significant for teaching writing or not, a quasi-experimental research
design is chosen. I use quasi-experimental research design in the form of nonequivalent control group design. Nunan 1992:4
1 states, “Quasi experimental
study has both pre- and post- tests and experimental and control groups, but no random assignment of subjects.”
This study involves two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The first group is given the treatment by using audio-visual strategy and the last
group is taught with visual media strategy. A pre-test is given to both groups before the treatment and the post-test given. The result of the tests in both groups
is analyzed using t-test formula to see the influence of the treatment. There are mentioned two variables: independent and dependent variables.
The independent variable is parameter that will be changed or manipulated to reach the purpose of conducting research, proving the hypothesis, by measuring
the dependent variable. Besides, the dependent variable is the one that measures the influence of the independent variable. In this study, the independent variable is
the use of audio-visual and visual media strategy for teaching narrative writing, while the
dependent variable is the students’ achievement.
2.3 Theoretical Framework
In conducting the present study entitled, The Effectiveness of Teaching Strategies Using Audio-
Visual and Visual Media to Improve Students’ Achievement in Writing Narrative Text, I concern to students` achievement in writing narrative
text. In this study, I use a quasi-experimental design. I divide the subject of the study into two groups, experimental group and control group. In experimental
group, I teach students by using audio-visual strategy, while in control group, I
teach the students by using visual media strategy.
