58
Table 2.3. Techniques for capturingconverting tacit knowledge
No. Technique
Researchers Description
Technique to Capture Technique
to Convert Form of Explicit
Output 1
Observation Liou, 1992 ,Maiden
et al., 1996, Woo et al., 2004,
Hadikusumo et al., 2004, Awad et al.,
2007, Teerajetgul et al., 2008
Process which involves observing, recording, and interpreting the
experts problem-solving 1. Observing,
2. Recording, 3. Interpreting
Interpreting Records
Records
2 Brainstorming
Liou, 1992, Maiden et al., 1996, Neve,
2003, Hari et al., 2005, Awad et al.,
2007 An unstructured, consensus-based
approach to generating ideas about a problem which is suitable for
multiple experts. All possible solutions considered equally and
emphasis is on the frequency of responses during the session.
Concluding will be by idea evaluation
1. Presenting the problem, 2. Generating ideas by
experts, 3. Evaluating ideas
Choosing convergence
ideas ideas, likes and
dislikes as text streams
3 Protocol
Analysis
Wright et al., 1987, Liou, 1992, Maiden
et al. 1996, Bollojuet al., 2002, Awad et
al., 2007 Think-aloud approach
1. Verbalizing problem solution
2. Collecting and analyzing Protocols,
3. Structuring of elicited information
Structuring elicited
information from
knowledge developers
Protocol to solve a problem
59
Table 2.3. Techniques for capturingconverting tacit knowledge-Continue
No. Technique
Researchers Description
Technique to Capture Technique to
Convert Form of Explicit
Output
4 Consensus
Decision Making
Liou, 1992, Herrera et al., 1996,
Balasubramanian et al., 1999, Giordanoet
al., 2007, Awad et al., 2007.
Experts are asked to vote on the alternate solutions they generated.
Procedure should ensure fairness and standardization in the way
experts arrive at a consensus 1. Present the problem,
2. Generating ideas, 3. Voting on the alternate
solutions Voting on
alternate solutions
Consensus about solutions
5 Repertory Grid
Stewart et al., 1981, Boose, 1989, Shema et
al., 1990, Liou, 1992, Bradshaw et al., 1993,
Moynihan, 2002, Neve, 2003, Awad et
al., 2007. Because of complexity and
manageability, the tool is normally used in the early stages of knowledge
capture. 1. Conceptualizing problem
using a model, 2. Using a grid to facilitate
capture and evaluation of models,
3. Representing experts’ reasoning about problem
Using a reasoning grid
A grid of entities and attributes filled
by values
6 Nominal Group
Technique
Liou, 1992, Anderson et al., 1997, Potter et
al., 2004, Hari et al., 2005, Awad et al.,
2007. An idea writing technique to provide a
