Summative Test The Type of Test
10. Materials should take into account that the positive effects of instruction
are usually delayed. 11.
Materials should take into account that learners differ in learning styles. 12.
Materials should take into account that learners differ in affetive attitudes. 13.
Materials should permit a silent period at the beginning of instruction. 14.
Materials should maximize learning potential by encouraging intellectual, an esthetic and emotional involvement which stimulates both right and left
brain activities. 15.
Materials should not rely too much on controlled practice. 16.
Materials should provide opportunities for outcome feedback.
33
Those all on statement above are the principles and procedures of design, implementation, and evaluation of language teaching material. So teaching
materials can be developed by evaluating learning material. The world curriculum is used interchangeable with syllabus. A syllabus is a
reference of the courses a teacher teaches or intends to teach. Penny Ur stated that “syllabus is a document which consists, essentially, of a list”.
34
The syllabus is the content, the list of topicsconcepts to be taught, whereas the curriculum is a consideration of the objectives, the content, methods chosen to
achieve those objectives. It couldshould contain a consideration of the kind of assessment one will use to check progress
35
. From the statements above, the writer can conclude that syllabus is a specific
plan of what is to be applied and a teacher applying into activities in the classroom. Syllabus is the program was designed by the schools. Then, it is used
to be realization planning in teaching.
33
Yohanes Mujiono, op.cit., p.2
34
Penny Ur, A Discourse in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 176
35
http:www.icbse.comsyllabusdifference-syllabus-and-curriculum
A syllabus is designed based on school program and students degrees. Besides that, the content of the syllabus must be suitable with students’ condition and
relevant on the situation. To make sure that learning process will run effectively, it’s needed for a
syllabus designer to include the kind of student learning experiences, and the brief of material in the syllabus. Characteristic of a syllabus:
1. Consist of comprehensive of list of:
a. Is ordered easier, more essential items first
b. Has explicit objectives usually expressed in the introduction
2. Is a public document
3. May indicate a time schedule
4. May indicate a preferred methodology or approach
5. May recommend materials
36
Syllabus is part of curriculum but excluding the element of curriculum evaluation. According George A. Beauchamp expand in his book Akhmad
sudrajat said Kurikulum Pembelajaran dalam Paradigma Baru said, “Curriculum is a written document which may contain many ingredients, but
basically it is plan for education of pupils their enrollment in given school”.
37
David Nun an states that “curriculum is a large messy concept which can be
looked at in a number of ways. A very broad definition is that it includes all of the planned learning experiences of an educational system.”
38
Richards describes a curriculum as follow:
An educational program which states: 1.
the educational purposes of the program the ends;
36
Penny Ur, op.cit.,p. 177
37
Akhmad Sudrajat M.Pd, KurikulumPembelajaran dalam Paradigma Baru, Yogyakarta: Paramitra, 2011, p.1
38
David Nunan, Teaching English as a Second Foreign Language: Syllabus Design, Massachusetts: Heinle Thomson Learning, 2001, p. 55