explanation above, we can conclude that the purpose of reading is depending by the readers. It can be established by the readers before doing reading activity.
.
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r t
1
u n
2
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34 5
e xt
1. The Understanding of Text
Talking about reading, it cannot be separated with text as the material. Because, for centuries text have the important role in language teaching, especially in
teaching reading. Because reading need text to be read. Based on Floriasti cited by Anderson, text are pieces of written or spoken language created for a particular
purpose and context.
12
That definition tells us that text is not always in written form. It can be spoken text, not always in printed form because it can be a word or as thick
as a book. When the words put together although spoken or written but the meaning is to communicate meaning, the text is created. Reading intent of a text can affect to
the nature of the information that required from text. Text is valuable as units of communication rather than sentences.
13
The text aims at convincing the reader to know the purpose, and giving him information. When we use language for various purposes, numerous of text is
resulted. There were many several of text types, so the text types that were given to the students were various, such as narrative, recount, procedural, functional, and
descriptive. The important thing about text is text should be communicative to convey the meaning. In conclusion, text is a product of language not only about
words or sentence but also convey about the meaning on it because it can be written or spoken.
2. The Understanding of Short Functional Text.
Short Functional Text or factual text is a short text that contains the command, direction, something to do or not to do that can be a prohibition, invitation, Greeting
12
Tri WahyuniFloriasti,Developing Character Building Through Multicultural Reading Text,T
he
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7
o n
feren ce o
n
89
n g
u a
g e
8:
a rn
in g
,2012. p. 5
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J. House, Text , in Bernard Spolky,
7
o n
cise
;
n cyclo
p ed
ia o
f
;
d u
ca tio
n a
l
8=
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istics, Oxford: Elsevier, 1999. p. 599.
Cards, short message, shopping list, warning notice, announcement, and others that contain meaning and use in everyday communication. While the essay texts in the
form of descriptive, narrative, recount, report, and the procedure is a lengthy text that can be categorized into Long Functional Text The term is not raw not commonly
used.
14
Short Functional text is a transcription that meant to help the reader to accomplish an everyday task. Based on Halliday and Hasan states, a text can be said
as functional. By functional, it means that language in a text is doing something in a context.
15
Examples of functional text might include a recipe for cooking; directions to a location; a memo notifying of a change in a companys address, or a stores
opening time; a schedule of event times and locations during a seminar; a directory of addresses, phone numbers or e-mail addresses; directions on a test; a menu from a
restaurant; a pamphlet notifying the public of a grand opening, store closing, or a foreclosure; or a how-to manual just to name a few.
Functional text is used for everyday information. Its presents information or ideas and aim to show, tell or persuade the audience.
16
It is called functional because it helps you function in your day-to-day life. For example, if I want to make chocolate
chip cookies, I will read a recipe. If I want to know my friends phone number, I will look in a phone book. If my English teacher gives a test, I will need to read the
directions.
14
http:www.smpn1depok.commediapembelajarandaryantokelas8bahasainggrismateri1sh ort_functional_text.html
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M.A.K. Halliday
and RuqaiyaHasan,
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h
?
s
?
, o
n teks,
d a
n T
eks
A B
sp ek
C
a sp
ek a
ha sa
d a
la m
D
a n
d a
n g
a n
E
em io
tik
E
o sia
l , Terj.AsrudinBaroriTou, Yogyakarta: GadjahMada
University Press, 1994. p. 13.
16
Mark and Kathy Anderson, T ext T
yp es in
F
n g
lish, South Yarra: Macmillan, 1997. p. 3.
2.Kinds of Short Functional Texts A. Announcement
Announcement is an important or official statement that informs people about something.Examples of announcements:
a. School Announcements
b. Wedding Announcement
ANNOUNCEMENT
There will be a flag ceremony next Monday. All students must wear white uniforms. Do not be late.
Principal
To: All grade IX Students From: Headmaster
Please choose one of the activities: swimming, painting or singing. Report to your class teacher or class captain which activity you choose.
Mr. Lowrence James Fox And
Miss Eleanor Rebecca Smith Announce their marriage on Saturday, the sixth of November two thousand and ten
Chesterfield, Derbyshire
c. Outdoor Program Announcement
G H IJ
vertisement
Advertisement is a picture andor set of words used to persuade people to buy a product or use of service, or that gives information about a job that is available.
Examples of advertisements:
Weekend Outbound Let s have weekend outbound
If you re the nature lovers, please join us on our program. It will be held on Sunday, 26 September
2010 in Puncak Campsite. The opening ceremony will be held at 7.am. If you are interested, please come
and join us.
Contact us and register your group of four. Wear your blue jeans and white T-shirt. Don t forget to
bring necessary equipments, foods and drinks are provided by the committee.
The Chairman, SecondaAlthaf
Contact person: MikaelaAhnaf 085814143801 Jl. Kintamani 75, Bekasi.
Grand Opening Special offer
HAPPY-HAPPY MALL ALL ITEMS
50
Start from 28
th
November until 8
th
December 2010
KL M
re e
tin g
KN
r
O
s
A greeting card is a card, with a picture in front and a message inside, that you send to someone on their birthday or on a special occasionholiday.
An example of a greeting card:
HAPPY BIRTHDAY May your wish come true..
URGENTLY REQUIRED AN ENGLISH TEACHER
Male max 35 years old S1 in English Education program
3 to 5 years working experience
Send your application not later than October 31
st
, 2010 to: SMAN 101 Bekasi, JalanBekasi Raya
No. 12
PQ R
h o
r t Message
A short message is a written piece of information that you sendleave to another to another person.
Examples of short messages:
E. Notice
A notice is a sign or printed statement that gives information or a warning to people.
Examples of notices:
Hey Tina, I don t think I can meet you tonight because I have to pick up my grandma at the airport. Tony
Dear Vera, Meet me in the library after school. I have something to show
you. Please be there.
Angga
Please switch off the light when
you don t use it.
WAIT FOR LIFT DOORS TO CLOSE
BEFORE PRESSING BUTTON
