AN ANALYSIS OF VIOLENCE FACED BY EVA AS A STUDENT AT WOORDROW WILSON HIGH SCHOOL ON RICHARD LAGRAVENESE’S FILM “FREEDOM WRITERS”

i

AN ANALYSIS OF VIOLENCE FACED BY EVA AS A

STUDENT AT WOORDROW WILSON HIGH

SCHOOL

ON RICHARD LAGRAVENESE’S

FILM “FREEDOM WRITERS”

THESIS

by:

Yoana Vibriyanti

201110100311227

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

ii

AN ANALYSIS OF VIOLENCE FACED BY EVA AS A

STUDENT AT WOORDROW WILSON HIGH

SCHOOL ON RICHARD LAGRAVENESE’S

FILM “FREEDOM WRITERS”

THESIS

by:

Yoana Vibriyanti

201110100311227

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

iii

AN ANALYSIS OF VIOLENCE FACED BY EVA AS A

STUDENT AT WOORDROW WILSON HIGH

SCHOOL ON RICHARD LAGRAVENESE’S

FILM “FREEDOM WRITERS”

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education

by:

Yoana Vibriyanti

201110100311227

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

iv

This thesis was written by Yoana Vibriyanti and was approved

on May 18th, 2016

by:

Advisor II, Advisor I,

v

This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

on May 4th, 2016

Approved by:

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Dean,

Dr. Poncojari Wahyono, M.Kes.

Examiners: Signatures:

1. Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M.Si 1. 2. Nina Inayati, S.Pd., M.Ed 2. 3. Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M 3. 4. Dra. Thathit Manon A., M.Hum 4.

vi

ORIGINALITY DECLARATION

The undersigned:

Name : Yoana Vibriyanti

Student ID Number : 201110100311227

Program of Study : English Department

Faculty : Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

I declare that the work presented in this thesis was carried out by myself and does not incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge this thesis does not contain any material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in text.

Malang, April 28th, 2016

vii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

ũKarena sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan, sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan. Maka apabila engkau telah selesai (dari suatu urusan), tetaplah bekerja keras

untuk (urusan yang lain), dan hanya kepada Tuhanmulah engkau berharapŪ

(QS. Al Insyirah: 5-8)

Dedication

I dedicated this thesis to:

My beloved father (Junari) and mother (Sumi Hartini) My Advisors (Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M. and Dra. Thathit Manon A., M.Hum.) My sister (Mayra Ade Verdanika) and all my big family My adored (Roosesandy C.K) All my friends (Fida Akhyar, Adi Wahyu P, Arista Putri D, Annisa J, Mega Shintia, Dias Anggarsari)

viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher praise to the almighty Allah Subhanahuwata’ala who has given blessing and mercy to the writer in order to finish this thesis. Shalawat and salam may be granted to our noble prophet Muhammad Shalallahua’alaihi wassallam and His family, His friends, and His followers who have brought Islam until this present.

This thesis is the end of the writer’s journey in obtaining her S.Pd degree. At the end of her thesis, the writer would like to express her gratitude to Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M and Dra. Thathit Manon A., M.Hum., as advisor who has been very helpful, kind, and passion in giving advises ideas, and valuable time during the process of this thesis writing guided and given her suggestion in finishing her thesis with a great patience.

The writer also wants to express her deeply gratitude to her parent (Bapak Junari and Ibu Sumi Hartini), her sister (Mayra Ade Verdanika), her big family (Kakung, Uti, and whole family), her best friend (Roosesandy C.K), and all of the people who cannot be mentioned one by one, thanks for love, care, support and providing unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout her years of study that given to the writer through the process of writing this thesis.

Malang, April 28th, 2016 The Writer,

ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ... iv

LEGALIZATION ... v

ORIGINALITY DECLARATION ... vi

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... vii

ABSTRACT ... viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... x

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Study ... 1

1.2. Statement of the Problems ... 5

1.3. Purposes of the Study ... 5

1.4. Scope and Limitation ... 6

1.5. Significance of the Study ... 6

1.6. The Definition of Key Terms ... 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1. Literature ... 8

2.2. Film ... 9

2.3. Kinds of Film ... 10

2.3.1 Action-Adventure Film. ... 10

2.3.2 Comedy Film ... 11

2.3.3 Crime-Gangster ... 11

2.3.4 Drama Film ... 11

2.3.5 Epic-Historical Film ... 11

2.3.6 Horror Film ... 12

2.3.7 Musical Film ... 12

2.3.8 Science-Fiction Film ... 12

2.3.9 War Film ... 13

2.3.10 Western Film ... 13

2.4. Elements of Film…………. ... 13

2.4.1. Plot ... 14

2.4.2 Character ... 15

2.4.3 Conflict ... 17

x

2.4.5 Setting ... 18

2.4.6 Dialogue ... 19

2.5. Violence……… ... 19

2.6. Types of Violence ... 20

2.7. The Cause of Violence ... 21

2.8. The Way to Overcome The Violence... 22

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1. Research Design ... 24

3.2. Approach ... 25

3.3. Research Object ... 30

3.4. Data Collection... 30

3.5. Data Analysis………….. ... 31

CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Research Finding ... 32

4.1.1 The Violence Faced by Eva as a Student ... 33

4.1.1.1. Dividing into Separated Section Depending on Race ……….………… ... 33

4.1.1.2. Insulting by Other Race in School……….. ... 38

4.1.1.3.Being Hit by Eva’s Classmate... 40

4.1.2 The Causes of Violence Faced by Eva as a Student ... 41

4.1.2.1. Not Willing to Contact with Other Race ... 42

4.1.2.2. A Black Man Want to Snatch Eva’s Territory ... 43

4.1.2.3. Behaving as a Dominant Student ... 44

4.1.3 Eva Overcome The Violence as a Student ... 45

4.1.3.1. Being Helped by Eva’s Teacher ... 45

4.1.3.2. Following Eva’s Heart ... 46

4.1.3.3. Being Stopped by The Ringing Bell ... 48

4.2. Discussion ... 49

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusions ... 53

5.2. Suggestion ... 54

5.2.1 For the Lecturer ... 54

5.2.2 For the Students of English Department ... 55

5.2.3 For Next Researcher ... 55

REFERENCES ... 56

xi

xii

REFERENCES

Abrams, M.H. 2009. A Glossary of Literary Terms. USA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Ary, Donald, et al. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education. USA: Wadsworth.

Bordwell, David. Tompson, Kristin. 2006. Film Art: An Introduction. California: University of California Press.

Brooks. L Roy. 2009. Racial Justice in The Age of Obama. New Jersey, United Kingdom: Princeton University Press.

Hasibuan, H, Ahmad. 2013. Analysis Peran Perawat dalam Penanganan Pasien dengan Perilaku Kekerasan di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Medan: USU Press.

Iswandani, Didin. 2009. Pesan Kekerasan Dalam Film Studi Analisis Isi

Terhadap Film “Saw III” Karya Darren Lynn Bousman, Unpublished: Univeristy of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Jones, Edward H. 1968. Outlines of Literature: Short Stories, Novels, and Poems. New York: Macmillan.

Kennedy, X. L. 1983. Literature: an Introduction to Fiction, Peotry, and Drama (Third Edition). Canada: Little, Brown and Company. Klaler, Mario. 2004. An Introduction to Literary Studies. Second Edition.

London and New York: Routledge.

Koesnosoebroto, Sunaryono Basuki. 1988. The Anatomy of Prose Fiction. Jakarta: Proyek Pengembangan Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan.

Kothari, C.R. 2004. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Delhi: New Age International Limited Publisher.

Long, W. J. 1945. English Literature – It’s History and It’s Significance for Life of English Speaking World. New York: Ginn.

Macmillan. 1996. American Literature. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Meyer, Michael C. 1990. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Boston: Bedford of St. Martin’s Press.

xiii

Moleong, L, J. 1988. Metodology Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.

ProPublica. Deadly Force in Black and White. http://www.propublica.org. Quinn, Edward. 2006. A Dictionary of Literature and Thematic Terms.

Second Edition, USA: Facts Onfile, Inc.

Schmidt, Jan Z., et al. 2006. Legacies: Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction. Boston: Wadsworth.

Singleton. Tanton, Millet. 1966. An Introduction to Literature. Cleveland and New York: The World Publishing Company.

Wulan, Laras, Listiani. 2003. An Analysis of Figurative Language and

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, the writer presents section, they are background of the study, statements of problem, purpose of study, scope and limitation, significant of study, and definition of key term.

1.1. Background of The Study

Literature is the expression of thought, it means the ideas, feelings, views, reasoning, and other operation of human mind (Newman in Singleton, 1966: 573). Literature makes the people increase their understanding of human life which have different cultures, and the other aspects of life. They will know how to interact and treat the other people because sometimes in literature there is a character that is reflection from people‟s characteristics in the real life.

Literature exists because it pleasures us. It pleases us by imitating life, or more precisely, by displaying its writers‟ vision of life as it should be (Koesnosoebroto, 1988: 2). It means literature can give pleasure, and show what is happening around us and in what perspective of life and poured into literary work. One of literary work is film. Film that has been determined by literary techniques: contrarily, the practice of literature developed particular features under the impact of film (Klaler, 2004: 53). People in every part of the world watch film that tell stories as a type of entertainment; a way to have fun. Most of films are made so that they can be shown on big screens at cinemas or film theatres. By watching a film people can get some information and get the moral value from the film which is important and can be applied for our life.

2

One film shows violence as “Freedom Writers”. It is a drama film released in 2007, inspired by the experience of a teacher at Woodrow Wilson High School on the Eastside, Long Beach, California with pupils from different ethnics and backgrounds. The film departs from the real events, it tells about the story of the main characters, Erin Gruwell, who teaches in Freshman English Class room 203 for special classes of children victims of fights between racial gangs, and Eva, a student who involved in violence from she was child. The priority to discuss is the violence faced by Eva, the causes of violence and how Eva overcomes violence as a student at Woordrow Wilson High School.

In the previous study which has been done by Sari (2015) in analyzing social identity formation of Eva in Freedom Writers Film show that Freedom Writers film is interesting. She found that Eva‟s social identity formation is divided into two processes: self-categorization and social comparison. Furthermore, previous study which has been done by Anjani (2012) in analyzing the violence faced by students in school shows that violence can be happened and done by whoever, such as the violence caused by teacher, the student itself, and the element of school. Actually, the violence that happened in school which is done by the students is often not resolved properly by the help of a teacher. However, this previous study did not tell about the violence that happened in school in more detail yet.

From that‟s previous studies, this study will analyze literary work on “Freedom Writers” film in different topic which more interesting than the first and the second previous study. The topic which is chosen is the violence faced by the

3

main character which will be explained in more detail in the study entitle “An Analysis of Violence Faced by Eva as a Student at Woordrow Wilson High School

on Richard LaGravenese’s Film “Freedom Writers”. Thus in this study, the film is analyzed because it offers many valuable lesson, message and interesting story. “Freedom Writers” film is chosen to be analyzed because it tells about violence faced by Eva that happened in school. This story is based on true story of the major character Eva who involved in violence since she was child.

Violence is chosen as a topic because however, nowadays it is becoming the crucial issue in Indonesia, such as the students in Makassar got in fighting each other at school. It is a main matter that should be given more attentions from the government and people who have empowerment. Violence as human action always has reason, importance, and certain aim. Not only in Indonesia, in United State of America the violence which is caused by races also being a crucial issue. It is not only violence between Blacks, Whites, Latinos and Asians but it is also the institution such as police. Some data from ProPublica (2014) showed that as many as 1217 fatal shooting by police in 2010-2012 are summarized in the federal data show that age 15 to 19 of blacks were killed at a rate of 31.17 per million, while only 1.47 per million white in the same age died shooting by police. Detailed accounts of more than 12,000 police homicides stretching from 1980 to 2012 contained in the FBI‟s Supplementary Homicides Report were involved in its examination. That data showed that Blacks are more likely to be victims of violence than Whites.

4

Loftin in ProPublica, the professor of Albany University and co-director of The Violence Research Group, said that the count of homicides by police in FBI is a minimum and to precisely measure what puts people at risk of homicide by police is impossible without more and better records. Still, what the data are certainly relevant that shows about the race of victims and officers, and the circumstances of killings,. “No question, there are all kinds of racial disparities across our criminal justice system” he said. According to Pro Publica (2014), the data is incomplete. The fatal police shooting reports of the country‟s 17,000 police departments is not filed at all and many have field reports for some years but not others. Indeed, while the absolute numbers are problematic, a comparison between white and black victims shows important trends.

In United States of America, Blacks who are known as a people deserve to be slave make them underestimated by Whites. This matter is cleared by Brooks (2009: 3) there are plenty low class Blacks and they fill the prisons and the level of financial assetsamong all blacks is lower than it is for whites. Blacks do not deserve fair life and have a high position. Because of it, there are some imbalance between blacks and whites, such as the differences in getting good education and health service. Not only Blacks, the main targets of racial violence and disadvantage in this territory were Latinos. They have a special relationship to the southwestern portion of the United States because the land used to be part of Mexico (Brooks, 2009: 3). Those factors are being a matter that can increase a crucial racism in western and Blacks and Latino always get judgment as a group

5

of criminals and dangerous people, so that is why Blacks and Latino always become the victim of violence.

The reasons above are motivated to conduct this study is expected to give new insight and important lesson to the audiences who know and involve to violence and to the teachers who have the student that is involved to the violence. It is very important for teacher to know about the ethnic, racial, even the culture of the student and can make easily for the teacher and students to understand each other when they are in learning process.

1.2. Statements of Problem

Following the information exposed in the background of the study, the statements of problem can be formulated three questions as the focus to investigate. They are:

1. What are the violences faced by Eva as a student at Woodrow Wilson High School on Richard LaGravenese‟s Film “Freedom Writers”? 2. What are the causes of the violence faced by Eva as a student at

Woodrow Wilson High School on Richard LaGravenese‟s Film “Freedom Writers”?

3. How does Eva overcome the violence as a student at Woodrow Wilson High School on Richard LaGravenese‟sFilm “Freedom Writers”?

1.3. Purpose of Study

In the line with the formulated research questions, the purposes of the study are becoming the target of this study. These purposes of the study are:

6

1. To explain the violences faced by Eva as a student at Woodrow Wilson High School on Richard LaGravenese‟s Film “Freedom Writers”. 2. To find out the causes of the violence faced by Eva as a student at

Woodrow Wilson High School on Richard LaGravenese‟s Film “Freedom Writers”.

3. To discover Eva overcome the violence as a student at Woodrow Wilson High School on Richard LaGravenese‟s Film “Freedom Writers.

1.4. Scope And Limitation

The scope of this study is focused on the violence which happens in „Freedom Writers‟ directed by Richard LaGravenese. Furthermore, it is limited in discussing on the violence faced by Eva as a student at Woodrow Wilson High School, the causes and the overcome.

1.5. Significance of Study

It is hoped that the result could give worthy contributions to the development of literature subject. Besides, she hopes that it could encourage students to read literature and to get good appreciation on English literature works. Furthermore, the result of the study can be used as reference in writing a similar research from different tittle.

1.6. Definition of Key Term

1. Film or motion pictures that communicate information and idea. The information and idea often driven by stories, with the characters we

7

come to care about, but a film might also develop an idea or explore visual qualities or sound texture (Bordwell and Tompson, 2008)

2. Violence is a situation when someone does actions that could endanger physically against her/himself, others, and environment (Stuart and Sundeen in Hasibuan, 2013)

3. “Freedom Writers” is a drama film released in 2007, inspired by the experience of a teacher at Woodrow Wilson High School on the Eastside, Long Beach, California.

4. Richard LaGravenese is an American screenwriter and film director, best known as the writer of „The Fisher King‟.

5. Eva is the main character in “Freedom Writers” film by Richard LaGravavenese.

One film shows violence as “Freedom Writers”. It is a drama film released in 2007, inspired by the experience of a teacher at Woodrow Wilson High School on the Eastside, Long Beach, California with pupils from different ethnics and backgrounds. The film departs from the real events, it tells about the story of the main characters, Erin Gruwell, who teaches in Freshman English Class room 203 for special classes of children victims of fights between racial gangs, and Eva, a student who involved in violence from she was child. The priority to discuss is the violence faced by Eva, the causes of violence and how Eva overcomes violence as a student at Woordrow Wilson High School.

In the previous study which has been done by Sari (2015) in analyzing social identity formation of Eva in Freedom Writers Film show that Freedom Writers film is interesting. She found that Eva‟s social identity formation is divided into two processes: self-categorization and social comparison. Furthermore, previous study which has been done by Anjani (2012) in analyzing the violence faced by students in school shows that violence can be happened and done by whoever, such as the violence caused by teacher, the student itself, and the element of school. Actually, the violence that happened in school which is done by the students is often not resolved properly by the help of a teacher. However, this previous study did not tell about the violence that happened in school in more detail yet.

From that‟s previous studies, this study will analyze literary work on “Freedom Writers” film in different topic which more interesting than the first and the second previous study. The topic which is chosen is the violence faced by the

main character which will be explained in more detail in the study entitle “An Analysis of Violence Faced by Eva as a Student at Woordrow Wilson High School on Richard LaGravenese’s Film “Freedom Writers”. Thus in this study, the film is analyzed because it offers many valuable lesson, message and interesting story. “Freedom Writers” film is chosen to be analyzed because it tells about violence faced by Eva that happened in school. This story is based on true story of the major character Eva who involved in violence since she was child.

Violence is chosen as a topic because however, nowadays it is becoming the crucial issue in Indonesia, such as the students in Makassar got in fighting each other at school. It is a main matter that should be given more attentions from the government and people who have empowerment. Violence as human action always has reason, importance, and certain aim. Not only in Indonesia, in United State of America the violence which is caused by races also being a crucial issue. It is not only violence between Blacks, Whites, Latinos and Asians but it is also the institution such as police. Some data from ProPublica (2014) showed that as many as 1217 fatal shooting by police in 2010-2012 are summarized in the federal data show that age 15 to 19 of blacks were killed at a rate of 31.17 per million, while only 1.47 per million white in the same age died shooting by police. Detailed accounts of more than 12,000 police homicides stretching from 1980 to 2012 contained in the FBI‟s Supplementary Homicides Report were involved in its examination. That data showed that Blacks are more likely to be victims of violence than Whites.

Loftin in ProPublica, the professor of Albany University and co-director of The Violence Research Group, said that the count of homicides by police in FBI is a minimum and to precisely measure what puts people at risk of homicide by police is impossible without more and better records. Still, what the data are certainly relevant that shows about the race of victims and officers, and the circumstances of killings,. “No question, there are all kinds of racial disparities across our criminal justice system” he said. According to Pro Publica (2014), the data is incomplete. The fatal police shooting reports of the country‟s 17,000 police departments is not filed at all and many have field reports for some years but not others. Indeed, while the absolute numbers are problematic, a comparison between white and black victims shows important trends.

In United States of America, Blacks who are known as a people deserve to be slave make them underestimated by Whites. This matter is cleared by Brooks (2009: 3) there are plenty low class Blacks and they fill the prisons and the level of financial assetsamong all blacks is lower than it is for whites. Blacks do not deserve fair life and have a high position. Because of it, there are some imbalance between blacks and whites, such as the differences in getting good education and health service. Not only Blacks, the main targets of racial violence and disadvantage in this territory were Latinos. They have a special relationship to the southwestern portion of the United States because the land used to be part of Mexico (Brooks, 2009: 3). Those factors are being a matter that can increase a crucial racism in western and Blacks and Latino always get judgment as a group

of criminals and dangerous people, so that is why Blacks and Latino always become the victim of violence.

The reasons above are motivated to conduct this study is expected to give new insight and important lesson to the audiences who know and involve to violence and to the teachers who have the student that is involved to the violence. It is very important for teacher to know about the ethnic, racial, even the culture of the student and can make easily for the teacher and students to understand each other when they are in learning process.

1.2. Statements of Problem

Following the information exposed in the background of the study, the statements of problem can be formulated three questions as the focus to investigate. They are:

1. What are the violences faced by Eva as a student at Woodrow Wilson High School on Richard LaGravenese‟s Film “Freedom Writers”? 2. What are the causes of the violence faced by Eva as a student at

Woodrow Wilson High School on Richard LaGravenese‟s Film “Freedom Writers”?

3. How does Eva overcome the violence as a student at Woodrow Wilson High School on Richard LaGravenese‟sFilm “Freedom Writers”?

1.3. Purpose of Study

In the line with the formulated research questions, the purposes of the study are becoming the target of this study. These purposes of the study are:

1. To explain the violences faced by Eva as a student at Woodrow Wilson High School on Richard LaGravenese‟s Film “Freedom Writers”. 2. To find out the causes of the violence faced by Eva as a student at

Woodrow Wilson High School on Richard LaGravenese‟s Film “Freedom Writers”.

3. To discover Eva overcome the violence as a student at Woodrow Wilson High School on Richard LaGravenese‟s Film “Freedom Writers.

1.4. Scope And Limitation

The scope of this study is focused on the violence which happens in „Freedom Writers‟ directed by Richard LaGravenese. Furthermore, it is limited in discussing on the violence faced by Eva as a student at Woodrow Wilson High School, the causes and the overcome.

1.5. Significance of Study

It is hoped that the result could give worthy contributions to the development of literature subject. Besides, she hopes that it could encourage students to read literature and to get good appreciation on English literature works. Furthermore, the result of the study can be used as reference in writing a similar research from different tittle.

1.6. Definition of Key Term

1. Film or motion pictures that communicate information and idea. The information and idea often driven by stories, with the characters we

come to care about, but a film might also develop an idea or explore visual qualities or sound texture (Bordwell and Tompson, 2008)

2. Violence is a situation when someone does actions that could endanger physically against her/himself, others, and environment (Stuart and Sundeen in Hasibuan, 2013)

3. “Freedom Writers” is a drama film released in 2007, inspired by the experience of a teacher at Woodrow Wilson High School on the Eastside, Long Beach, California.

4. Richard LaGravenese is an American screenwriter and film director, best known as the writer of „The Fisher King‟.

5. Eva is the main character in “Freedom Writers” film by Richard LaGravavenese.