some referent. Social deixis can be expressed with ‘polite’ pronouns and the title of the addressee. For example:
6 I was late again today to come to Professor Smith’s class.
The speaker of the utterance above uses the tittle of the third person to show his respect to the person. The utterance above is produced by a university student.
He uses the word Professor to point his lecturer because in the university domain, the Professor as his lecturer has a higher status than the student’s status.
2.2. Deixis and Reference
Deictic expression always refers to something. To interpret the referent correctly, the speaker and the hearer should have a certain minimal context. The context
includes the time, place and participants of the immediate situation. According to Yule 1996:
We do know that words themselves do not refer to anything. People refer. Reference as an act in which a speaker, or writer, uses linguistic form to
enable a listener or reader to identify something. Because there is no direct relationship between entities and words, the listener’s task is to infer
correctly which entity the speaker intends to identify by using particular referring expression. p.17
2.3 Spoken Form of Language
There are spoken and written forms of a language. Spoken language is more likely dependent on its context than written language is. On the other hand, written
language tends to be more independent of its immediate context Gerot and
Wignell, 1995, p.158. To make the right interpretation of the spoken language, people need to know the context when speaker is speaking, so the speaker and the
hearer must share the same context. On the other hand, written language is more flexible, it can be interpreted based on the immediate context. Spoken or written
text can be classified into two categories, namely monologue and dialogue. A monologue is an uninterrupted flow of communication while a dialogue is
produced by two or more participants on a given topic and on a given occasion.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
Generally, research is divided into three steps, namely collecting data, analyzing data and presenting the result of analysis. Every step has its own method and
every method has its own technique. In this chapter, the writer describes research design or type of the research, data population, sample and sampling technique, as
well as methods and techniques to collect and analyze data.
3.1. Research Design
The topic of the research is person deixis. It can be seen from pragmatics and semantics domains. However, the research tends to be more pragmatic than
semantic. It is because the analysis is not only limited to the meaning of person deixis used by SBY but also includes the use of person deixis based on the
immediate context. The data are downloaded from Youtube, the writer regards the data as actual phenomenon of language use. The actual phenomenon that the
writer analyzes is the use of person deixis in SBY’s speech at Harvard University. In general, language research is descriptive qualitative research, so does
the research. The research is descriptive research because it describes the actual data systematically according to the actual situation. The writer describes types of
person deixis, function of person deixis used by SBY in his speech at Harvard University. In addition, this research also uses qualitative method since the data
