CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design
Bungin 2001:32 states “Ada tiga jenis penelitian berdasarkan lokasi, misalnya penelitian kerpustakaan yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan di
perpustakaan dan peneliti berhadapan langsung dengan berbagai macam literature sesuai tujuan dan masalah yang sedang dipertanyakan, penelitian
laboratoruin yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan di laboratorium, dan penelitian lapangan yaitu penelitian yang langsung dilakukan di lapangan semuanya
dilaksanakan di lapangan”. There are three kinds of research based on the location of the research, i.e library research research that had done in the
library, researcher directly face some literature suitable the problem that will be answer, laboratory research research that had done in the laboratory, and field
research the research directly in the field, all of that done in the library.
Deal with this thesis the writer mainly applies field research followed by library research.
3.1.1 Location
In the field research, the writer chooses location in English Department, faculty of letters, North Sumatra University.
3.1.2 Time
The research is done for three days 28
th
of Jan 2010until 1
st
of Feb 2010 at 1.PM until 1:30 PM.
3.2 Data and Data Collecting Method 3.2.1 Data
Bungin 2001: 124-128 states “Data diklasifikasikan menurut kekhususan tertentu, sesuai dengan maksud penelitian ataupun sumber data yang digunakan,
diantaranya adalah: 1 data kualitatif, 2 data kasus, 3 data pengalaman individu, 4 data kuantitatif, 5 data nominal, 6 data kontinum, 7data primer, 8
data sekunder”. Classification of data based on the specially, according to research purpose or based on the source of data that us, they are: 1 qualitative
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data, 2 case data, 3person experience data, 4Quantitative data, 5 Nominal data, 6 continuum data, 7 primary data,8 secondary data.
Therefore, the writer uses Primary data for the analysis of this thesis. The
primary data or Data Primer of this thesis is the 2009 1
st
year students. The writer collects the recording data of the 2009 1
st
year students’ conversation.
3.2.2 Data Collecting Method
Faisal 1995: 51 states “Metode pengumpulan data terdiri atas tiga, yaitu: 1 Angket questionnaire, 2 wawanvcara interview, 3 observation, 4
documenter secondary sources, 5 tes test”. Data collecting method consists of three, they are: 1 questionnaire, 2 interview, 3 observation,4 documenter
secondary sources, 5 test. In this thesis the writer uses observation in collecting data.
Bungin 2001: 142 states “Bentuk observasi terbagi atas beberapa macam, yaitu: Observasi Langsung Observasi Berstruktur dan Observasi tidak
berstruktur, Observasi Experimental, Observasi Partisipsi, Observasi
Kelompok”. Kinds of observation, they are: Direct Observation, Structural Observation, and Non-structural Observation, Experimental Observation,
Participant Observation, Group observation.
Based on that theory, the writer chooses the direct observation that uses
structural observation. Bungin 2001: 143 states “Peneliti terlebih dahulu mempersiapkan materi
pengamatan dan instrument yang akan digunaka”. At first the researcher prepares observation material and instrument that will be use.
There many ways that writer can do in order to process data to be analyzed. Therefore, in this case the writer collects the data from the students’
utterances by using some instruments. For instance, camera digital as recorder,
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and the writer ask the students to make conversation situation by using the topic that has been given by the writer, and then make a transcript of that conversation.
3.2.2.1 Population and sample
In collecting data, the writer as the researcher needs population and sample as object of this research. The writer takes the 1
st
2009 years students 60 people as the population.
Faisal 1995:58 states “Rancangan sample probabilitas disebut juga dengan rancangan sample secara random. Berdasarkan tekhnik sample, random
terbagi dalam beberapa jenis yaitu: 1 Tekhnik random sederhana simple random sampling, 2 Tekhnik random atas dasar strata stratified random
sampling, 3 Tekhnik random bertahap-tahap atas dasar strata multi stage probability stratified random sampling, 4 dan tehknik random atas dasar
himpunan cluster random sampling”. Probability sample design its also called random sample design. Based on sample technique, random can be divided into
some kinds. They are: 1 simple random sampling, 2 stratified random sampling, 3 multi stage probability stratified random sampling, 4 cluster random
sampling.
Based on that theory, the writer uses the simple random sampling. The sample are ten people from the 1
st
2009 years students, they are based on odd registered number, because the writer takes the sample by using the simple
random sampling. They are three men and seven women. The sample is more woman than man. They are 19 years old in rate.
3.3 Data Analyzing Method
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