16 S- Setting and scene, setting refers to the time and place while scene refers to the
environment of the situation. In the Nanny 911, the setting and scene is usually in the house whether it is in a kitchen, in a bedroom, etc. Second, P-Participants, it
refers to the parties involves in the speech, including the speaker and the audience. In the Nanny 911 series the participants of a speech involves children and adult
whether they are the parents or the nannies. Third, E-Ends, the purpose and goal of the speech along with any outcomes of the speech. The purpose and goal of a
speech event in Nanny 911 is to make the children behave as the adult wants or in line with the set rules in the family. Fourth, A-Act Sequence, the order of events
took place during the speech. The speech event might be started by a child‟s
refusal to obey the parents‟ rules, then with their exchange arguments, and ended
with the child or the parent giving up on the issue. Fifth, K-Key, the overall tone or manner of the speech, in the series the tome or manner is mostly in anger from
the parents and from the children side. Sixth, I-Instrumentalities, the form and style of the speech being given. The style and form of speech is usually informal
between adult and children. Seventh, N-Norms, defines what is socially acceptable at the event. In adult and child conversation, both parties may have
their own arguments, however, still there are some rules that has to be obeyed. And finally, G-Genre, the type of speech that is being given. It means the speech
acts that are applied in the speech event.
4. Speech Acts
In relation with speech act of a speech event, Jowarowska 2011 asserts that speech act theory explains how speakers use language to accomplish the
17 intended actions and how hearers infer intended meaning from what is
said. Austin as cited in Holtgraves 2002 classifies speech acts into lucotion, illucotion, and perlucotion. Lucotion is the literal meaning of what is said by the
speaker. Illucotion is the social function of the utterance, it can be a refusal, a command, a complaint, or any other thing. Perlucotion is the effect that take place
after the utterance. Another speech act theory developed by Cohen also cited in Holtgraves
2002 identifies five categories of speech acts based on the functions assigned to them. The first is representatives, it includes assertions, claims, and reports. The
second is directives, it includes suggestions, requests, and commands. The third is expressives, it includes apologies, complaint, and thanks. The fourth is
commisives, which includes promises, threats, and offers. The last category is declaratives, which includes decrees and declarations.
Searle 1969 also develops five illocutionary points that represents an important attempt of the speakers to perform something with their utterances.
They are 1 directives, that attempt to have the hearer to perform some future action which includes requesting, ordering, and questioning; 2 assertives,
attempt to represent the actual state of affairs to commit the speaker to the case, it includes asserting, concluding, informing, predicting, and reporting; 3
commissives, attempt to commit the speaker to future course of action, it includes warning, promising, threatening, and guaranteeing; 4 declaratives attempt to
bring about a change in some institutional state of affairs, it includes declaring a
18 war, performing a marriage; 5 expressives attempt to express a psychological
state which includes thanking, complaining, greeting and apologizing.
5. Politeness and Face Threatening Acts
