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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
In this chapter, the writer delivers four sub chapters to make the study more systematic. First is the review of related studies. There are three
related studies in this sub chapter which are reviewed to clarify the position of the study. Second, the writer discusses the theory which appropriate with
the study. The reason is because the theory becomes the tools to analyze the literary work. Third, the writer discusses the theoretical framework to
answer the problem formulations.
A. Review of Related Studies
In the beginning of review of related studies, the writer found a paper which is related to this study, The title of the paper is The Messages
as Revealed by the Characters ‘ Series of Tragedy in Lemony Snicket’s a
Series of Unfortunate Events: The Bad Beginning by Natasha Godeliva
2011 from Sanata Dharma University. In her study, Godeliva explains messages from the way the characters faced the conflicts. The characters
of this novel are innocent children, Violet, Klaus and Sunny. The conflict which is faced by the children is the bad treatment from their uncle, Count
Olaf. The way the children escape from the Uncle Olaf ’s mistreatment is
by being smart, caring for siblings, and also mentally and physically strong.
Godeliva has three purposes in writing her thesis. First, Godeliva wants to find the children
’s characters and characterization. Second, Godeliva wants to describe the tragedy which happens in that story. Third,
Godeliva wants to know the moral message which is revealed by the characters.
Godeliva ’s research inspires the writer to apply the theory of
characterization to get the messages of the literary work. The differences of this study to G
odeliva’s is that this study explores theory of conflicts more to explain clearly about the conflicts that is experienced by the
characters in Lost and Found. In her thesis, Godeliva wrote about messages which revealed by the characters. Godeliva said that
People may see the children characters in this novel as the reflection of their life. There must be something that people can learn from
tragedy and the moral messages that will be concluded. The writer of this thesis intends to show the moral messages revealed by the series
of tragedy in the story Godeliva, 2011:5.
The writer also reads a thesis entitled Revealing Moral Messages through the Characters of Li
ttle Bee in Chris Cleave’s the Other Hand by Pawestri Sukmajati from Sanata Dharma University. The study analyzes
Little Bee’s struggle against bad man’s treatment toward her. Sukmajati analyzes the positive characteristics of Little Bee and takes the moral
messages from Little Bee actions against the abuse. Sukmajati explained her arguments as follows:
Little Bee is described as a strong willed person to face her life. It can be shown through her strong will to escape from the bad men,
strong will in learning English, and the last, strong will to meet
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