The fifth are cognitive needs. These needs include desire to know, understand, and explore Franken 15. These needs are related to understanding,
which means that someone needs, according to Murray as cited by Franken 14, “to analyze experience, to abstract, to discriminate among concepts, to define
relations, to synthesize ideas. The sixth needs are aesthetic needs. These needs include the needs of
symmetry, order, and beauty. Maslow says that in the strictest biological terms, in the same realm of discourse as the need for calcium in the diet-one needs beauty;
beauty helps one to be healthier.”Goble 44 The seventh are self actualization needs. These needs involve the needs “to
find self-fulfillment and realize of human potential” Franken 15. The self- actualization needs are the highest needs. Since these needs are the highest needs,
these needs are the closest to be associated with growth Franken 15.
B. Theoretical Framework
In this part, the writer explains the theories which will be the framework to answer the problem of this study. The explanation covers the significance of the
theories in this study. Furthermore, the theoretical framework will be the guidance of the analysis of this novel.
First of all, the writer uses theory of critical approaches to select the approach which is used in the analysis of this novel. Secondly, the writer uses the
theory of character and characterization to analyze the personality of the character that is analyzed in this study. Theory of characterization is used in this study to
describe the character of Mark Anders by using the methods proposed by this theory. Thirdly, the psychological theory of motivation becomes necessary since
one of the aims of the formulated problems in this study is to analyze Mark Anders’ motivation to be a Chaka’s Gate ranger. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is
employed as the important theory in the analysis of this novel to find out what are the needs that base Mark Anders’ motivation to be a Chaka’s Gate Ranger.
By using the theories stated above the writer is able to find out how is Mark Anders’ character described in the novel and what is Mark Anders’
motivation to be a Chaka’s Gate ranger.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of three sections; they are object of the study, approach, and method of the study. Object of the study deals with the literary
works studied in this thesis. Approach of the study present the approach employed in the analysis of this novel. Method of the study describes the steps taken in this
study.
A. Object of the Study
This thesis studies a novel by Wilbur Smith entitled A Sparrow Falls. The novel was published in 1978 by Pan Books. This novel is 541 pages long. A
Sparrow Falls is the third novel of Courtney trilogy. This novel, as the first two, tells about and is dedicated to Africa. It is understandable because Wilbur Smith
was born and grew-up in Africa although he comes from a British family. He was born in Northern Rhodesia, now known as Zambia, Central Africa. Smith was
sent to South Africa to study until he received a bachelor degree. This novel is closely related to what the readers usually see in their daily
life. There are some factors which make this novel interesting. The author, Wilbur Smith, includes life struggle, dreams, idealism, tragedy, and honor in this novel.
Smith’s respect to Africa and racial equality is shown obviously in this novel. A Sparrow Falls is a story about a young man named Mark Anders who
really cares about wildlife preservation. Mark Anders is a soldier sent to the war
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