Jamal Malik`s motivation in joining who wants to be a millionaire quiz as seen in Simon Beaufoy`s slumdog millionaire script.

ABSTRACT

Hapsari, Nastiti Adi. (2016). Jamal Malik’s Motivation in Joining Who Wants to be a Millionaire Quiz as seen in Simon Beaufoy’s Slumdog Millionaire Script. English Language Education Study Program, Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University.

This research analyzes Slumdog Millionaire, a movie script written by Simon Beaufoy. The script is an adaptation of the novel Q&A (2005) by an Indian author Vikas Swarup. Slumdog Millionaire script tells about Jamal Malik, an eighteen-year-old boy from Juhu slum of Mumbai who joins an Indian quiz version of Who Wants to be a Millionaire. This research focuses on Jamal Malik’s motivation in joining the Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz. The objective of this research is to find and reveal the motivation of Jamal Malik’s crucial decision to join the quiz. In order to reveal Jamal Malik’s motivation, this research has two formulated problems namely “How is Jamal Malik described in the script of the movie?” and “What is Jamal Malik’s motivation in joining the quiz of Who Wants to be a Millionaire?”

In conducting this study, the researcher uses two kinds of sources. The primary source is the script of Slumdog Millionaire, while the secondary sources are some related theories taken from books and electronic sources. There are some theories used to answer the problem formulations in this research namely theory of character, characterization, personality, and motivation. The approach used in this research is psychological approach.

Based on the analysis, the researcher finds two results in this research. The first finding is the description of Jamal Malik’s characteristic. The research concludes that Jamal Malik belongs to a major and round character, and being described as a kind, brave, generous, introvert, and reactive person. The second finding is the surface meaning of Jamal’s motivation that is to meet Latika, the girl he loves, since they have been separated for several times, so they can reunite again. Meanwhile, the deeper meaning of Jamal’s motivation is to safe Jamal and Latika from a group of gangster.

In the last part of this thesis, there are recommendations and suggestions. The recommendation is for the future researchers that they can analyze two kinds of topics. The first is about the true meaning of Jamal’s love towards Latika. While the second is about Salim Malik’s motivation in joining a group of gang. The next is suggestion. The suggestion is for English teachers. They can use the script as a teaching material to teach Prose, Drama, or Play Performance.

ABSTRAK

Hapsari, Nastiti Adi. (2016). Jamal Malik’s Motivation in Joining Who Wants to be a Millionaire Quiz as seen in Simon Beaufoy’s Slumdog Millionaire Script. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Penelitian ini menganalisis Slumdog Millionaire, sebuah naskah film yang ditulis oleh Simon Beaufoy. Naskah ini merupakan sebuah adaptasi novel karangan Vika Swarup, seorang penulis asal India. Naskah Slumdog Millionaire menceritakan tentang Jamal Malik, seorang lelaki berumur delapan belas tahun dari kawasan kumuh Juhu, Mumbai, yang mengikuti sebuah kuis versi India bernama Who Wants to be a Millionaire. Penelitian ini berfokus pada motivasi Jamal Malik mengikuti kuis Who Wants to be a Millionaire. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan dan mengungkapkan keputusan krusial Jamal Malik dalam mengikuti kuis tersebut. Untuk mengetahui motivasi Jamal Malik, penelitian ini memiliki dua rumusan masalah yaitu “Bagaimanakah Jamal Malik dideskripsikan di dalam naskah?” dan “Apa motivasi Jamal Malik dalam mengikuti kuis Who Wants to be a Millionaire?”

Pada penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan dua jenis sumber. Sumber utama adalah naskah Slumdog Millionaire, sedangkan sumber kedua adalah teori-teori yang berkaitan yang terdapat pada buku-buku cetak dan sumber-sumber elektronik. Ada beberapa teori yang digunakan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini yaitu teori karakter, teori karakterisasi, teori kepribadian, dan teori motivasi. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan psikologis.

Berdasarkan analisa, peneliti menemukan dua hasil di penelitian ini. Hasil pertama adalah deskripsi dari sifat-sifat Jamal Malik. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa Jamal termasuk karakter utama dan komplek, dan merupakan seseorang yang baik, pemberani, murah hati, tertutup, dan responsif. Hasil yang kedua adalah tentang makna tertulis dari motivasi Jamal Malik mengikuti kuis yang adalah untuk bertemu dengan Latika, gadis yang ia cintai, karena mereka telah beberapa kali terpisahkan. Sedangkan makna yang sesungguhnya dari motivasi Jamal Malik adalah untuk menyelamatkan Jamal dan Latika dari sebuah kelompok preman.

Pada bagian akhir skripsi ini, terdapat rekomendasi dan saran. Rekomendasi pada bagian ini adalah untuk para peneliti selanjutnya bahwa mereka dapat menganalisa dua hal. Yang pertama adalah tentang makna cinta Jamal Malik terhadap Latika. Kemudian, yang kedua adalah tentang motivasi Salim Malik untuk bergabung dalam sebuah kelompok preman. Selanjutnya adalah saran. Saran pada bagian ini adalah untuk para guru Bahasa Inggris. Mereka dapat menggunakan naskah ini sebagai bahan ajar untuk mengajar Prose, Drama, atau Play Performance.

JAMAL MALIK’S

MOTIVATION IN JOINING WHO WANTS

TO BE A MILLIONAIRE QUIZ AS SEEN IN SIMON

BEAUFOY’S SLUMDOG MILLIONAIRE SCRIPT

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

By

Nastiti Adi Hapsari Student Number: 121214121

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF THE TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA

i

JAMAL MALIK’S

MOTIVATION IN JOINING WHO WANTS

TO BE A MILLIONAIRE QUIZ AS SEEN IN SIMON

BEAUFOY’S SLUMDOG MILLIONAIRE SCRIPT

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

By

Nastiti Adi Hapsari Student Number: 121214121

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF THE TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA

iv

DEDICATION PAGE

“I CAN DO ALL THINGS

THROUGH CHRIST WHO

STRENGTHENS ME”

Philippians 4:13

This thesis is dedicated to: Jesus Christ

vii ABSTRACT

Hapsari, Nastiti Adi. (2016). Jamal Malik’s Motivation in Joining Who Wants to be a Millionaire Quiz as seen in Simon Beaufoy’s Slumdog Millionaire Script. English Language Education Study Program, Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University.

This research analyzes Slumdog Millionaire, a movie script written by Simon Beaufoy. The script is an adaptation of the novel Q&A (2005) by an Indian author Vikas Swarup. Slumdog Millionaire script tells about Jamal Malik, an eighteen-year-old boy from Juhu slum of Mumbai who joins an Indian quiz version of Who Wants to be a Millionaire. This research focuses on Jamal Malik’s motivation in joining the Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz. The objective of this research is to find and reveal the motivation of Jamal Malik’s crucial decision to join the quiz. In order to reveal Jamal Malik’s motivation, this research has two formulated problems namely “How is Jamal Malik described in the script of the movie?” and “What is Jamal Malik’s motivation in joining the quiz of Who Wants to be a Millionaire?”

In conducting this study, the researcher uses two kinds of sources. The primary source is the script of Slumdog Millionaire, while the secondary sources are some related theories taken from books and electronic sources. There are some theories used to answer the problem formulations in this research namely theory of character, characterization, personality, and motivation. The approach used in this research is psychological approach.

Based on the analysis, the researcher finds two results in this research. The first finding is the description of Jamal Malik’s characteristic. The research concludes that Jamal Malik belongs to a major and round character, and being described as a kind, brave, generous, introvert, and reactive person. The second finding is the surface meaning of Jamal’s motivation that is to meet Latika, the girl he loves, since they have been separated for several times, so they can reunite again. Meanwhile, the deeper meaning of Jamal’s motivation is to safe Jamal and Latika from a group of gangster.

In the last part of this thesis, there are recommendations and suggestions. The recommendation is for the future researchers that they can analyze two kinds of topics. The first is about the true meaning of Jamal’s love towards Latika. While the second is about Salim Malik’s motivation in joining a group of gang. The next is suggestion. The suggestion is for English teachers. They can use the script as a teaching material to teach Prose, Drama, or Play Performance.

viii ABSTRAK

Hapsari, Nastiti Adi. (2016). Jamal Malik’s Motivation in Joining Who Wants to be a Millionaire Quiz as seen in Simon Beaufoy’s Slumdog Millionaire Script. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Penelitian ini menganalisis Slumdog Millionaire, sebuah naskah film yang ditulis oleh Simon Beaufoy. Naskah ini merupakan sebuah adaptasi novel karangan Vika Swarup, seorang penulis asal India. Naskah Slumdog Millionaire menceritakan tentang Jamal Malik, seorang lelaki berumur delapan belas tahun dari kawasan kumuh Juhu, Mumbai, yang mengikuti sebuah kuis versi India bernama Who Wants to be a Millionaire. Penelitian ini berfokus pada motivasi Jamal Malik mengikuti kuis Who Wants to be a Millionaire. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan dan mengungkapkan keputusan krusial Jamal Malik dalam mengikuti kuis tersebut. Untuk mengetahui motivasi Jamal Malik, penelitian ini memiliki dua rumusan masalah yaitu “Bagaimanakah Jamal Malik dideskripsikan di dalam naskah?” dan “Apa motivasi Jamal Malik dalam mengikuti kuis Who Wants to be a Millionaire?”

Pada penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan dua jenis sumber. Sumber utama adalah naskah Slumdog Millionaire, sedangkan sumber kedua adalah teori-teori yang berkaitan yang terdapat pada buku-buku cetak dan sumber-sumber elektronik. Ada beberapa teori yang digunakan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini yaitu teori karakter, teori karakterisasi, teori kepribadian, dan teori motivasi. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan psikologis.

Berdasarkan analisa, peneliti menemukan dua hasil di penelitian ini. Hasil pertama adalah deskripsi dari sifat-sifat Jamal Malik. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa Jamal termasuk karakter utama dan komplek, dan merupakan seseorang yang baik, pemberani, murah hati, tertutup, dan responsif. Hasil yang kedua adalah tentang makna tertulis dari motivasi Jamal Malik mengikuti kuis yang adalah untuk bertemu dengan Latika, gadis yang ia cintai, karena mereka telah beberapa kali terpisahkan. Sedangkan makna yang sesungguhnya dari motivasi Jamal Malik adalah untuk menyelamatkan Jamal dan Latika dari sebuah kelompok preman.

Pada bagian akhir skripsi ini, terdapat rekomendasi dan saran. Rekomendasi pada bagian ini adalah untuk para peneliti selanjutnya bahwa mereka dapat menganalisa dua hal. Yang pertama adalah tentang makna cinta Jamal Malik terhadap Latika. Kemudian, yang kedua adalah tentang motivasi Salim Malik untuk bergabung dalam sebuah kelompok preman. Selanjutnya adalah saran. Saran pada bagian ini adalah untuk para guru Bahasa Inggris. Mereka dapat menggunakan naskah ini sebagai bahan ajar untuk mengajar Prose, Drama, atau Play Performance.

ix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Jesus Christ and Mother Mary for the love, blessings, guidance and strength so that I can finish this thesis. I always receive strength in finishing this thesis everytime I feel like giving up.

Secondly, my gratitude goes to my advisor, Dr. Antonius Herujiyanto, M.A., for his time in guiding, giving suggestions, and support patiently during the process of writing this thesis from the beginning until I finish it.

Next, I would like to thank all lecturers of ELESP especially to my Academic Advisor, Laurentia Sumarni, M. Trans. St., for her time, support and guidance during my study in Sanata Dharma University. I give my love and best gratitude to Ibuk Retno Adiyati and Bapak Piettoyo Habsoro who always love, support and pray for me unconditionally. I also thank my sister, Bun, for her help.

I also want to thank my great friends, Pipi, Mike, Venny, Nina, Tiak and Uut for the support, time, help and joy that we share. I am also very thankful with Carol ‘Mbak Yayuk’ for helping and giving her kindness to me during the process of finishing this thesis. My big thanks also go to IRIS, a group of people who always support and help one another, for the time we have spent together. I also thank all of my friends in my thesis writing class for the help, support and inspiration.

x

My other special thanks go to PBI E 2012, EMC, PBI Squad in PPL SMP Maria Immaculata, and KKN LI 42. At last, I want to thank those whom I cannot mention one by one here for the contribution and help in finishing this thesis.

xi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ... i

APPROVAL PAGE ... ii

DEDICATION PAGE ... iv

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ... v

PERNYATAAN PERETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ... vi

ABSTRACT ... vii

ABSTRAK ... viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... xi

LIST OF APPENDICES ... xiv

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. Background of the Study ... 1

B. Objective of the Study ... 5

C. Problem Formulations ... 5

D. Definition of Terms ... 6

1. Motivation ... 6

2. Slumdog ... 6

3. Who Wants to be a Millionaire ... 6

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 8

A. Review of Related Theories ... 8

1. Character ... 8

2. Characterization ... 10

xii

b. Character as Seen by Another ... 10

c. Speech ... 10

d. Past Life ... 10

e. Conversation of Others ... 11

f. Reaction ... 11

g. Direct Comment ... 11

h. Thoughts ... 11

i. Mannerism ... 11

3. Theory of Personality ... 11

a. Id ... 12

b. Ego ... 12

c. Superego ... 13

4. Theory of Motivation ... 13

a. The Physiological Needs ... 14

b. The Safety Needs ... 15

c. The Love and Belonging Needs ... 15

d. The Esteem Needs ... 15

e. The Need for Self-actualization ... 16

5. Psychological Approach ... 16

B. Review of Theoretical Framework ... 16

C. Criticism ... 17

D. Context ... 18

CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY ... 20

A. Object of The Study ... 20

B. Approach of The Study ... 21

xiii

CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS ... 23

A. The Description of Jamal Malik’s Characteristic ... 23

1. Kind ... 25

2. Brave ... 28

3. Generous ... 30

4. Introvert ... 31

5. Reactive ... 32

B. The Meaning of Jamal Malik’s Motivation in Joining the Quiz of Who Wants to be a Millionaire ... 34

1. The Surface Meaning of Jamal Malik’s Motivation ... 34

2. The Deeper Meaning of Jamal Malik’s Motivation ... 42

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 53

A. Conclusions ... 53

B. Recommendations ... 55

C. Suggestions ... 56

REFERENCES ... 57

xiv

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Summary of Slumdog Millionaire ... 60 Appendix 2: Simon Beaufoy’s Biography ... 62 Appendix 3: Reflection ... 64

1

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter is divided into four parts. They are Background of the Study which talks about why the researcher conducts this study, Objective of the Study which talks about the aim of this study, Problem Formulation which gives two research problems, and the Definition of Terms which talks about the terms used in this study.

A. Background of the Study

According to Marcus and Sollors (2004) in the book of A New Literary History of America, literature means not only what is written but what is voiced, expressed, invented in whatever way. Through literature, people can express their feelings in some ways. Many kinds or topics of literature can be found such as essay, poetry, prose, drama, and movie. In this study, the researcher focuses on a script of a movie as the primary data that will be analyzed. A movie is a medium of communication rich with social implications, created within different social, historical and cultural contexts.

A movie is an art form of motion pictures with the technology of sounds so that it can tell stories to the viewers. According to Arnheim (1957), a movie resembles painting, music, literature and it is used to produce artistic result (p. 8). It is one of the vehicles to give entertainment or even lessons to people who watch

it. There are many genres of movies that can be categorized. They are comedy, drama, thriller, action and many more. Many movies come from many countries. They introduce some particular cultures that appear during the movies. It is good for people who do not know anything about a particular culture because it makes them know more about it. From that, many people in this world enjoy watching movies. They can learn something from it, they can feel what the story tells about, they know something they do not even know before and many other things. However, before making a movie, there is always a script that guides people to make the movie. Without the script, those who are in charge of making the movie will not know what they are going to do because everything is written in the script.

In this study, the researcher wants to talk about a script of a movie entitled Slumdog Millionaire. The script is written by Simon Beaufoy, a famous British screenwriter. The script of Slumdog Millionaire is an adaption of a novel entitled Q & A (2005) by Vika Swarup, an Indian author and diplomat. The story takes place in Mumbai, India. For the movie itself, it is starring Dave Patel, Freida Pinto, and Anil Kapoor as the actors. Besides the place, all of the characters written in the script are also Indians which can make the audience know more about India and its culture. One of the Indian cultures that is shown in the script focuses on those people who live in poverty and have to struggle for life.

This story focuses on the main character named Jamal Malik who is struggling to get his happiness and save himself from people who want to make him and his brother, Salim, a beggar. To continue his life, Jamal has to do many

things like being a fake tour guide in Taj Mahal, stealing, and in the end, he is working in an operator cellular office as a tea boy. On the other hand, while Jamal continuing his life, he is looking for a girl called Latika. Latika is someone he likes since he was a kid. He always spends his time with her. One day, they are separated because a gangster catches Latika while Jamal, Salim and Latika are running away from them. Jamal grows up alone because Salim leaves him to work with another gangster. Jamal’s hard life makes him to be a millionaire from the Hindi version quiz of Who Wants to be a Millionaire.

Considering the background and the description of Slumdog Millionaire, it is necessary to know why people really want to join the quiz. From the movie, many people are in hurry to call the operator in order to join the quiz. The purpose is that people want to be rich only in one night. It proves that many people want to be rich because it can make them happier. The focus in this study is to know whether being rich is everything in this life because many people are eager to be rich so they can be happy. That is why the researcher is going to examine the motivation of someone’s crucial decision from the movie. In the researcher’s opinion, happiness comes from everywhere, not just through having much money. Even joining a quiz that can make people rich immediately without working hard is not everyone’s purpose. It happens to Jamal. Jamal’s motivation to join the quiz is about something else.

Slumdog Millionaire is one of the best movies for the researcher. That is why the researcher wants to learn more from the script. The researcher wants to understand more about the story by reading the script and rerunning the movie as

the reference. Another reason that makes the researcher conducts this study by using the script is because the researcher wants to know Beaufoy’s original version of the story. The researcher believes that even though the movie depends on the script, it still has some differences.

Talking about the story itself, there are some other reasons why the researcher chooses this primary data. First, the reason that Jamal Malik lives in a hard life situation until one day he joins Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz with his own opinion and purpose to win the quiz is quite interesting. He lives in a slum area since he was a kid and he can go through it well. Second, the environment that is shown from the story. The environment shows that people are living in poverty and struggling for their life. It is a real condition that can be found in some countries including India. From that, people can know what is actually happening out there especially in some parts of India. Third, this movie is interesting because it successfully wins some awards. There are many things that can be analyzed from the script. However, in this study, the researcher wants to analyze Jamal Malik’s intention in joining the quiz to achieve something else instead of being rich like what many people think.

In addition, Slumdog Millionaire movie was nominated for ten Academy Awards in 2009 and successfully won eight nominees. It also successfully wins in the other awards as well. This movie is praised for its plot, soundtrack and direction. Those achievements of the movie make the script more interesting to be used in this study.

To do this research, the researcher uses some theories related to the study that the researcher conducts. The theories used are Theory of Character, Theory of Characterization, Theory of Personality, Theory of Motivation, and Psychological Approach. In the Theory of Character and Characterization, it will talk about the character that is written in the story to know what kind of persons there are in the story. In the Theory of Personality, it will talk about a psychophysical system that determine the character’s behavior. Theory of Motivation is about the needs or wants that drive people to do such behaviors (Nevid: 2013). It means that people have the goal of achieving a desired impression. Besides, the researcher also uses an approach to analyze the study. The approach that the researcher uses is Psychological Approach.

B. Objective of the Study

The aim of the study is to find and reveal the motivation of one’s crucial decision as seen in Jamal Malik, the main character of Simon Beaufoy’s Slumdog Millionaire.

C. Problem Formulations

This study is directed by these research questions: 1. How is Jamal Malik described in the script of the movie?

2. What is Jamal Malik’s motivation in joining the quiz of Who Wants to be a Millionaire?

D. Definition of Terms

In this part, here are some terms of the research that will ease the reader to understand the content.

1. Motivation

According to Petri (1981), motivation is the concept to describe the forces acting or within an individual to start and direct behavior (p. 3). In this study, motivation refers to surface and deeper meaning of Jamal Malik’s motivation in joining Who Wants to be a Millionaire.

2. Slumdog

According to UN-HABITAT (2007), the term “slum” is used in the report to describe a wide range of low-income settlements and poor human living conditions. In 1820s, the word slum is to identify the poorest quality housing and the dirtiest conditions. Besides, it is also a refugee for marginal activities including crime, vice and drug abuse. In this study, Jamal Malik, who is the main character of the movie, is living in a slum area until he joins the Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz.

3. Who Wants to be a Millionaire

Who Wants to be a Millionaire is a syndicated television quiz program which airing thirty minutes in length. People must go through an audition process to become the contestants. For each episode of the program, the producer will select a potential contestant from the contestant pool to appear as the contestant.

They will play the game and they can win up to One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) by answering up to fourteen multiple-choice questions correctly.

8

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses the theories that are used to analyze the topic of this study. It is divided into four parts. The first part is Review of Related Theories that consists of Theory of Character, Theory of Characterization, Theory of Personality, Theory of Motivation, and Psychological Approach. The second part is Review of Theoretical Framework that will explain the theories that are used to analyze the formulated problems of the study. The third part is Criticism which provides a review of another study by a critic. The fourth part is the Context of The Script.

A. Review of Related Theories

There are several theories that will be discussed here. Those are Theory of Character, Theory of Characterization, Theory of Personality, Theory of Motivation, and Psychological Approach.

1. Character

A character is very important in every literary work. According to Abrams (1999), characters are the people or persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work and are interpreted by the readers as giving such a moral and expressive qualities expressed through the dialogue and action (p. 32).

Stanton (1965) states that character is used in two ways; it points out on the individual appears in the story like the total number of characters there and it refers to the mixture of interests, desires, emotions, and moral that makes up each of the person (p. 17). From that, it can present the characters to the readers through the story so that the readers can describe the characters.

Henkle (1977) divides characters into major and secondary characters. The major character is the character who deserves the reader’s attention. A story can be effective depend on the major character who can express and dramatize the story. To a great extent, major characters are created because only they are given attention to present convincing dramatizations of the human issues of the story. On the other hand, secondary character is a character who performs in limited functions. The function of the secondary character is to populate the world of the story. The readers discover what the time and society are situated by observing the secondary character. Generally, a secondary character is a character who helps the major character. They bring out into the open crucial elements of the predicament of the major character. Besides, a secondary character is not as important as the major character (pp. 92-94).

E. M. Forster, in Aspects of the Novel (1927, in Henkle’s 1977), introduces two kinds of characters. The first is a flat character and the second is round character. A flat character is a character presented without many details and can be described just in a single phrase or sentence. Round character is a character that is more complex in mood and motivation. It is difficult to describe it as a person in real life and it is likely to surprise the audience (p. 91).

2. Characterization

Murphy (1972) states that characters are made to convey the audience to get to know and understand what kind of people there are. He shows nine ways in which an author makes the character easy to be understood by the readers.

a. Personal Description

The author describes the details of the characters’ appearance like the face, skin, eyes and clothes directly. The author shows how the character looks like directly and accurately in the story.

b. Character as Seen by Another

The character is described by other characters instead of being described by the author directly. The readers find the characteristics of a character through the other characters’ opinions.

c. Speech

The reader gets the clue about the characterization of a character through the way that person speaks. Whenever the character speaks to other character, he/she is giving the readers some clue to his characteristics. The way a character speaks will show what kind of person he/she is.

d. Past life

The author gives the readers some clues by showing the characters’ past life in the story. A past life can be shown by a flashback. Through flashback, the readers can know the characteristic of someone in his/her past experience. This can be done by direct comment.

e. Conversation of Others

The author gives clue through the conversation of other people and the things they say about him. Through what other people say about the character, the readers can get the clue about the characteristics of the character.

f. Reaction

The clue is seen by the reaction of a person when he/she reacts to various situations and events.

g. Direct Comment

The author gives the clue by commenting about the character directly in the story. The characteristics of a person are told by the author directly instead of another character.

h. Thoughts

The author gives direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about. In this respect, he can do what other people or the readers cannot do in real life because of the different way of thinking.

i. Mannerism

The author describes the character through the person’s mannerisms, habits, or idiosyncrasies, which may tell the readers about his character. The author shows the habit of the character both positively and negatively. From the habit, the characteristics of the character can be seen (pp. 161-173).

3. Theory of Personality

According to Dockeray and Lane (1950), personality is the total of the reaction patterns and reaction possibilities of each individual. He continues that a

person’s reaction can differentiate each person’s character to others’ (p. 489). Allport (1960) states that personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determines his characteristic behavior and thought (p. 48). While Weinberg & Gould (1999, in McLeod 2014) emphasizes the characteristics or blend of characteristics that make a person unique.

Freud (1923, in McLeod 2016) sees the personality structured into three parts. Those are id, ego, and superego. Although each part of the personality consists of different features, they interact to form a hole and each part contributes to an individual’s behavior.

a. Id

The id is the impulsive and unconscious part of individual’s psyche which responds directly to the instincts. It is not affected by reality, logic or everyday world, as it operates within the unconscious part of the mind. The id insists immediate satisfaction that when this happens, the individual experiences pleasure. When it is denied, the individual experiences displeasure. In addition, it consists of life instincts that help the individual to survive including respiration, eating and sex. Freud (1920) states that the id operates on the pleasure principle which is the idea that every wishful impulse should be fulfilled immediately, regardless of the consequences.

b. Ego

Freud states that the ego is the part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world. It develops in order to mediate between the unrealistic id and the external real world. Ideally, the ego works by reason,

whereas the id is chaotic and very unreasonable. It operates according to the reality principle, working out realistic ways of satisfying the id’s demands, often postponing satisfaction to avoid negative consequences of society. The ego considers social realities and norms, etiquette and rules in deciding how to behave. Like the id, the ego looks for pleasure and avoids pain. However, unlike the id, the ego is concerned with devising a realistic strategy to obtain pleasure. The ego has no concept of right or wrong. Something is good if it achieves its satisfying end without causing harm. Freud (1923) makes the analogy of the id being a horse while the ego is the rider. The ego is like a man on horseback, who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horse.

c. Superego

The superego incorporates the values and morals of the society. Its function is to control the id’s impulses, especially those which society forbids, such as sex and aggression. It also persuades the ego to turn to moralistic goals rather than simply realistic ones and to attempt perfection. The conscience in superego can punish the ego through causing feeling of guilt to the individual.

4. Theory of Motivation

Related to the topic of the study, the theory of motivation is used because the character’s motivation in reaching his aim needs to be known and explained. Everyone has their motivation in order to do their plan. Without motivation, people will not do or have done something. Worchel and Shebilske (1989) say that motivation explains why an organism acts in certain way at a certain time (p. 373).

Aiken (1969) divides motivation into two types. Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation works for external rewards or desires that is not inherent related to the task it is performing. While intrinsic motivation, on the other hand, the goal and the behavior are inherently related. For example is performing a task in order to acquire a feeling of accomplishment at having done a good job (p. 111). Ryan and Deci (2000) add that extrinsic motivation comes not from inside the individual. It involves rewards such as trophies or anything. On the other hand, intrinsic motivation is done because it is interesting and enjoyable for the individual in doing the activity. Besides, they say that to be motivated means to be moved to do something. A person who feels no inspiration to act is characterized as unmotivated, whereas someone who is doing the opposite is considered motivated.

Maslow (1943) says that human motivation can be classified into five basic of needs. Those are the physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

a. The Physiological Needs

The needs that are usually taken as the starting point for motivation theory are the so-called physiological drives. These physiological needs are the most influence of all needs. In other words, the human being who is missing everything in life is most likely that the major motivation would be the physiological needs rather than any others. A person who is lacking food, safety, love, and esteem would most probably hunger for food more strongly than for anything else. On the other hand, physiological needs are the basic needs such as food, sleep, oxygen,

liquid, freedom of movement and a moderate temperature. An individual needs to fulfil this need before he/she is motivated by the higher needs.

b. The Safety Needs

The safety needs emerge after the physiological needs are fulfilled. The safety needs consist of protection, freedom, and secureness. People seek for those things in order to fulfil these needs because they do not want something unexpected or dangerous happens to them.

c. The Love and Belonging Needs

The love and belonging needs come after the physiological and security needs are fulfilled. After people fulfil the physiological and safety needs, an individual will move to other needs, which are the needs of both giving and receiving love. In this step, people want to find friendship and some other privacy social groups like having relationship or kids.

d. The Esteem Needs

People have a need or desire for a stable, firmly based, high evaluation of themselves, for self-respect or self-esteem, and for the esteem of the others. These needs are classified into two subsidiary sets. First is the desire for strength, achievement, adequacy, confidence, independence and freedom. The second is the desire for reputation or prestige, recognition, attention, importance or appreciation from other people.

Satisfaction of the self-esteem need leads people to have feelings of confidence, worth, strength, and capability, of being useful and necessary in the world. However, for those who cannot fulfil this need, they will have feelings of inferiority, of weakness and of helplessness.

e. The Need for Self-actualization

Even if all those needs are fulfilled, people still expect that a new restlessness will soon develop, unless they are doing what they are fitted for. According to Kurt Goldstein, a man’s desire for self-fulfillment becomes actualized in what he is potentially. The desire to become more and more is to become everything that one is capable of becoming (pp .372-382).

5. Psychological Approach

In conducting this study, the researcher uses psychological approach. According to Rohrberger and Woods (1971), psychological approach can be used to analyze the personality of the main character through his mind, thought, and behavior (p. 13). Besides, it also can be used in analyzing the motivation of the main character.

In this study, psychological approach is used to solve the problem formulation by analyzing Jamal Malik as the character and finding the motivation of him in joining the Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz.

B. Review of Theoretical Framework

Theory of Character from Henkle (1977) and Forster (1927, in Henkle’s 1977) together with Theory of Characterization from Murphy (1972) are used to solve the first problem about how Jamal Malik is described in the script. Through the theory, it can help the researcher to find the characterization of Jamal Malik from the script.

Theory of Personality from Freud (1923, in McLeod 2010) and Theory of Motivation from Maslow (1943) are used to slove the second problem. Those can help the researcher to find the motivation of Jamal Malik in joining the quiz.

C. Criticism

In this part, the researcher wants to discuss about other people’s study that relates to the researcher’s study. There is one study that the researcher finds. Its title is Ram Mohammad Thomas’ Motivation in Joining “Who Will Win a

Billion?” Quiz As Seen in Vikas Swarup’s Slumdog Millionaire by Ernawati Sriningsih. Here are some differences between the researcher’s study and Sriningsih’s study: First, the researcher’s primary data is Slumdog Millionaire movie script, while Sriningsih’s primary data is a novel entitled Q&A by Vikas Swarup. Second, the aim of this study is to find and reveal the motivation of one’s crucial decision in joining the quiz, while Sriningsih’s study is aiming to see from the novel that everyone has his or her motivation and equal right to achieve everything she or he wants. However, another differentiation will be discussed in the chapter 4.

Overall, the researcher’s study and Sriningsih’s study are almost the same. Both use the same primary data but with different genre. The researcher with movie script and Sriningsih with the novel. However, the researcher’s study and Sriningsih’s study have different point of view to be discussed or analyzed in each study.

In Sriningsih’s study, she has explained everything related to her study very well. All of her explanation in the study is clear and she uses common words that ease the readers to understand the content of the study. In the researcher’s opinion, Sriningsih’s study is good.

D. Context

1. The Scriptwriter

Slumdog Millionaire is a movie written by Simon Beaufoy as the scriptwriter. The movie was released on 9 January 2009 in United Kingdom, on 22 January 2009 in Mumbai and on 23 January 2009 in United States. Simon Beaufoy is a British screenwriter, producer and director. He was born on Worth Valley, 1967. Beaufoy began to work on Slumdog Millionaire in 2006 after went to Mumbai, India, to know the condition there. Simon visited Mumbai’s Juhu slum and found that the area was very miserable which made him feel a bit sorry to them. In the road, he met children who came to him because they were curious about him. Besides, he also passed a toilet that he had never seen before. He saw that the toilet was made by rickety wooden piers which stretched along and above the slum’s massive rubbish dump.

While continuing walking around the area, he found a group of gangster which was never off the front page of the Times of India. Other than that, Hindu/ Muslim tensions are bubbling up again and the gang of beggars was seen at one of the roads. By looking at the condition in Mumbai, Beaufoy was excited to make a love story and did not want to tell about money as the motivation.

2. The Script

Slumdog Millionaire takes place in Mumbai, India, 2006. The place shown in the story is a slum area in Mumbai called Juhu. The setting of the time used in the story is around 1993 – 2006. The story uses three settings of time because it shows flashbacks. The first is when Jamal joining the quiz of Who Wants to be a Millionaire in 2006 at the age of eighteen. In the flashback, it shows Jamal’s experiences when he is five and twelve years old.

20 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methodology used in this study. It consists of three parts namely Object of the Study, Approach of the Study, and Method of the Study.

A. Object of the Study

The object of the study is Slumdog Millionaire movie script written by Simon Beaufoy. It is a movie script which is an adaptation of the best-known novel titled Q&A (2005) by an Indian author, Vikas Swarup, then filmed as Slumdog Millionaire. The duration of the movie is 2 hours and 38 minutes.

Slumdog Millionaire itself is written by its author inspired by the slum area in Mumbai, India. Besides, he is inspired by the idea of an underdog coming out on top. The story is set in India, tells the story of Jamal Malik who is an uneducated person who lost his parents since he was a kid. He lives with his brother, Salim, and struggling together to get a better life. While struggling for his life, he meets a girl called Latika and he likes her. He takes care of her just to keep her safe until one day he loses her to a group of gangster.

Time passes by, Jamal lives alone and finds a job in an operator cellular office. Everyone in the office is crazy with the quiz of Who Wants to be a Millionaire because of the top prize offered. Jamal joins the quiz. In the quiz, an

uneducated person can answers almost all of the questions and remain one more question to become the winner. Because of it, the police and the host of the quiz do not believe it and kidnap Jamal to make him admit that he is cheating. However, Jamal does not do it because he gets all the answers from his experience of life. The story uses flashbacks to show Jamal’s life situation in the past and as the key why Jamal can answer the questions.

B. Approach of the Study

In conducting this study, the researcher uses only psychological approach to find out Jamal’s motivation in joining the quiz. Psychological approach itself is an approach that views works through the lens of psychology. It will look at the psychological motivation, or in this study it will look at the character’s motivation in doing something. This approach helps the researcher to know the motivation of the main character in joining the quiz.

C. Method of the Study

The method of this study is a library research. The first step taken was watching the movie. Second, the researcher read the script of the movie to deepen the researcher’s understanding. Third, watching the movie again while reading the script to be more understand about the plot. Fourth, the researcher formulated some problems based on the story. Fifth, the researcher found some references in the library, internet, and other places related to the movie script.

In order to finish this study, the researcher used many references including books sources and electronic sources. There were two kinds of sources that the researcher used. In this study, the researcher used Slumdog Millionaire movie script as the primary source and some other theories taken from books and electronic sources as the secondary sources, which can be found in the list of references. There is another secondary source that helped the researcher in understanding the story. It was the movie of Slumdog Millionaire.

The sixth step was that the researcher chose the appropriate approach that could be applied in this study. Seventh, the researcher analyzed the study using the related theories that had been found from the previous step to answer the problems. The last, the researcher made a conclusion of the study based on the analysis that had been done./

23 CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

This chapter discusses the answer of the questions formulated in the Problem Formulations. The discussion consisted of two parts. The first is the

analysis of Jamal Malik’s character described in the script of the movie. The second part is the analysis of Jamal Malik’s motivation in joining the quiz of Who Wants to be a Millionaire.

A. The Description of Jamal Malik’s Characteristic

This part describes Jamal Malik’s characteristic in the movie script. There are some characters seen in the script, they are Jamal Malik, Latika, Salim Malik, and many more. However, this study focuses only on the three of them. In this study, the researcher discusses about the main character, Jamal Malik. Theory of Character is used here. Henkle (1977) divides characters into major and secondary characters. Jamal Malik belongs to the major character because major character is a character given so many attention by the readers. Jamal Malik is the one who always appears in almost every scene of the script because the story is about him who is joining the Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz. Therefore, it can be said that Jamal is the major character of the story. A story can be effective depends on the major character who can express and dramatize the story.

According to Forster (1972), there are two categories in the character. They are flat character and round character. Jamal can be classified into a round

character since Jamal’s character is written more complex in mood and

motivation. His character cannot be described just in a single phrase or sentence. The scriptwriter lets the readers think about Jamal’s characteristics through the conflicts occur to him. Jamal undergoes a difficult life throughout the story. In the beginning of the story, Jamal is seen in a police station doing an interrogation because he is suspected for cheating. The scene then changes into the set of Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz when Jamal becomes the contestant there. The story is full of flashbacks. Through these series of flashbacks, the readers are led

to follow Jamal’s life from his early childhood, his police interrogation, up to he becomes the contestant in Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz and successfully win the 20 million rupees as the top prize. However, during the stories, he faces a lot of conflicts and problems that can answer the questions behind his victory in the quiz. The stories of Jamal Malik from childhood until he wins the quiz show the readers that he is categorized as a round character.

In order to characterize the character, the writer uses Murphy’s theory

(1972). Murphy states that characters are made to convey the audience to get to know and understand what kind of people there are. Besides, he shows nine ways in which an author makes the character is easy to be understood by the readers. From those, the writer uses character as seen by others, speech, past life, reaction

and direct comment from the author (the director’s note). Jamal Malik’s character can be explained as a kind, brave, generous, introvert, and reactive person.

1. Kind

Jamal is a kind person. The writer finds out that being kind is one of Jamal

Malik’s characteristics through his reaction to someone around him. He thinks about the others even when his brother does not want him to think about other people. It happens when a group of people attacks Jamal’s village as an

anti-Muslim attack. Because of the riot, Jamal’s mother asks him and Salim, his

brother, to run away to avoid the riot. After they go out from the village, they stand on a hill overlooking the city while black smoke is blowing from the village. Jamal starts to ask Salim to go from there.

JAMAL We should go back.

Silence

JAMAL See if Ama-

Salim shakes his head fiercely, silencing Jamal for a moment. But only a moment.

JAMAL What about Jeevan Chacha? Salim shakes his head.

JAMAL Maybe he-

Salim shakes his head again.

SALIM -I saw him. He was with them

JAMAL

But he wouldn’t hurt-

SALIM -he was with them!

JAMAL But-

SALIM

The conversation above shows that Jamal is a kind person. He really thinks about the others since he always asks Salim about what happens to Jeevan Chacha, even though Salim does not want to think about it.

Another evidence that Jamal is a kind person is when he offers his kindness to Latika, the girl he meets when his village is attacked by the rioters. It

can be seen through the director’s notes and Jamal’s questions to Latika below. Jamal climbs out of the pipe. Looks at Salim for permission or refusal, but he just continues to stare. So, Jamal walks across to her. She looks up, wary.

JAMAL

Where’s your mother?

Silence

JAMAL (CONT’D)

Father?

The girl shakes her head slightly. Jamal takes the plastic sheet from around his shoulders. Gives it to her. (I, XXXVI, 24)

In the middle of raining, Jamal sees Latika playing mud alone with her finger. Her body is all wet. Jamal sees Latika for the first time while running away from the riot and then she shows up again in the middle of the rain. At first, Jamal just looks at her but then he comes to her and ask her about her family. Without long talking, Jamal gives his plastic sheet to Latika to cover up her body. From the two conversations above, those can be assumed that Jamal is a kind person since he really cares about the others even to someone who has not been known by him yet.

In conclusion, according to Murphy’s theory, Jamal’s kindness characteristics are shown through the speech and the direct comment that can be

Jamal’s kindness characteristic is also seen by another character. Jamal always cares about Latika. He puts his struggle to find her wherever she is. One day, when Jamal and Salim find Latika for the first time after they get separated, he really serves her well. It happens when they are staying in a hotel room. His kindness can be seen in the situation below.

Latika is cearly in the shower. Jamal wanders in carrying an old pair of lunghi. Shouts through the door.

JAMAL Found some lunghi!

LATIKA Stay there. Look away.

The shower stops.

JAMAL Atcha, atcha.

LATIKA

I’ll know if you’re looking….

JAMAL

I’m not!

With a towel around her, Latika comes to the doorway where Jamal is holding out the lunghi with his eyes tight shut.

JAMAL

Where’s Salim?

LATIKA Dunno.

She watches this innocent a second with true fondness. LATIKA

You’re a sweet boy, Jamal. (I, CIII, 69)

The situation above shows the readers that Jamal is really a kind person. He even gives Latika a lunghi, which is known as cloth, when she is taking a bath. The two of them are really enjoying the time being together in the hotel room. According to Murphy (1972), Jamal’s kindness can be seen through the description from another character. For everything he does for her in the hotel, his kindness is clearly shown when Latika says that he is a sweet boy.

2. Brave

Jamal’s character that he is a brave person is shown when he is in the middle of the Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz. It is said by Prem, the host of the quiz, in these two situations. In the first situation, Prem asks Jamal whether to continue the quiz or not. Jamal answers that he still wants to continue it, even though Prem teases him by waving the 16.000 rupees check. Prem who always suspects and looks down on him makes sure and says that Jamal is a wild one which means that Jamal does not have any fears.

JAMAL

I’ll play

Nobody is expecting this. Least of all Prem who has to rearrange his features into one of surprised delight. He sits down.

PREM

You’ll play?

JAMAL Why not?

PREM

Well, well, well. We’ve got a wild one, here.

Prem tears up the cheque with theatrical slowness. (I, XLII, 29)

From the conversation above, it can be seen that Jamal answers Prem’s question without long thinking. Therefore, it can be said that Jamal is really a brave person since he answers with no doubt.

The second situation which shows that Jamal is a brave person is when he answers one of the questions briefly and confidently. This what makes Prem thinks again that Jamal is a brave man.

JAMAL Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus.

PREM Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus. Sure?

JAMAL I think so.

PREM

You think so. A brave man, Ladies and Gentlemen, a brave man. (I, XLIII, 30)

Jamal’s character is seen by other characters. Jamal’s character is described by

Prem through Prem’s reaction to Jamal’s action in the script. According to Murphy (1972), an author makes the character understandable by the readers.

Jamal’s character from the conversation above can be found in Murphy’s theory

through speech.

Another evidence which indicates that Jamal is a brave person is when Jamal meets Arvind, a boy he meets when he works with Maman. Arvind is

unlucky since Maman took Arvind’s eyes to collect more money. In their meeting, Jamal gives him money and asks about Latika, the girl he loves. Arvind answers that Latika is with Maman and Jamal decides to come to them. When Arvind knows that Jamal wants to come to Maman just to meet Latika, Arvind does not think that Jamal will come back safely. It can be seen through Arvind’s reaction below.

Jamal heads off through the traffic. Arvind shouts after him.

ARVIND

I will sing at your funeral, yaar. (I, XCVI, 62).

From the reaction above, Arvind thinks that it is a dangerous thing to come to Maman. Therefore, if Jamal comes to Maman, Maman will kill him for sure. However, Jamal does not care about it. Jamal still goes to Maman in order to find

evidence above can be found through reaction. It can be seen from Arvind’s

reaction when he knows that Jamal wants to come to Maman to find Latika.

3. Generous

Jamal Malik’s generous characteristic is shown when he gives his friend, Arvind who is blind, some money even though he is not a rich man. The money that Jamal gives to Arvind is the money that he gets from two American tourists after he guides them and then get beaten up by the Indian driver who is with them because his car is being stripped of all its parts.

Jamal gets a couple of notes out of his pocket and puts them into Arvind’s

outstretched hand, he feels the notes with his fingers. ARVIND

A fifty. And a hundred! Blessings upon you, Sahib. JAMAL

How do you know?

ARVIND There are many ways of seeing.

Arvind puts his hands together and bows deep again. Then, Jamal takes his shoe off and gets out a hundred dollar bill.

JAMAL Here.

Jamal crouches down and puts the bill into Arvind’s hand. His fingers feel

it. He sniffs it.

ARVIND Dollars. But how many?

JAMAL One hundred.

ARVIND Now you are playing with me, Sahib.

JAMAL No. I swear.

ARVIND What is on it? The pictures. Tell me.

JAMAL

A building. With a clock on it. Trees behind it. ARVIND

JAMAL

A man- it doesn’t say his name. He is sort of bald, but has long hair on the sides.

ARVIND (smiling)

Benjamin Franklin. My God, my God. Thank you, Sahib. You

were generous the first time. But this… (I, XCVI, 60)

Jamal gives some dollars he get from the American tourists to Arvind when he accidently meets him. Arvind is singing to beg for some money. He feels sorry to Arvind since he sings in the street eyeless. Instead of using the money he gets, he gives all of it to Arvind.

According to Murphy’s theory, Jamal’s characteristic in the situation above can be seen through a person’s reaction. In this case is Arvind’s reaction

after he receives the money from Jamal.

4. Introvert

Jamal is an introvert person. Even though he is close to Latika, during his separateness with her, he is never seen going out together with his other friends. He does everything alone. He even lives alone while he is looking for Latika and lives separately with his brother, Salim. Someday, Jamal finds Salim’s phone

number and he keeps it. Salim’s number becomes the only number he has. The

evidence that shows Jamal is an introvert person can be seen in the conversation below.

PREM

Doesn’t look as if your friend is in, Jamal. Who is it?

JAMAL

PREM

- the sort of brother who’d go for a walk on the twenty million rupee question?

JAMAL

It’s the only number I know. (I, CXV, 180)

Jamal cannot answer the last question of the quiz. The question is about The Three

Musketeer’s third member. When he was a kid, Jamal and Salim always

mentioned themselves as The Three Musketeer as Athos and Porthos. However, they did not know the name of the third member after those two names until they grew up. The last question of the quiz asks him about the name that he never knows. Therefore, he decides to phone a friend. Instead of calling a friend, he calls his brother because he has no other numbers except his brother’s number. It can be said that Jamal is an introvert person since he does not have friends and even a number of other people except his brother, Salim. According to Murphy

(1972), Jamal’s introvert characteristic can be seen by looking at Jamal’s speech.

5. Reactive

Jamal is a reactive person. He reacts easily in some situations in the script.

In this case, Jamal’s reactive characteristic only relates with Latika. The first situation which shows that Jamal is a reactive person is when he finally meets Salim after a long time.

SALIM Jamal!

Jamal looks around. There is Salim standing on the edge of the building. He saunters over to Jamal, his arms outstretched in theatrical greeting. He is groomed, expensively dressed with the best mobile money can buy dangling from a gold chain around his neck

SALIM God is good, bhai. God is good.

He tries to embrace Jamal. With as much force as he can muster, Jamal punches him in the face. Salim takes it. Stand there. Wipes blood from his lip. Gets another punch. Then another and another, not even defending himself, until he is being beaten back by a raging Jamal towards the edge of the building. Finally, he tries to reason with Jamal

SALIM

Maman’s boys were after us. Had to skip.

Jamal keeps on beating him back. JAMAL Liar.

SALIM

Left a message at reception. Waited weeks for you in Nagpur. JAMAL

There was no message at reception SALIM Bhai, I left a message.

Salim opens his arms, defenceless. It would take one, small push to send him over the edge. There is a moment, when Jamal might. He even has his hands on his chest.

JAMAL I will never forgive you.

SALIM I know. (I, CXXIX, 87)

Jamal is very angry to Salim for everything he has done. Jamal does not even want to forgive him because there are many disappointments occurred caused by him like becoming Javed’s follower and separating Jamal from Latika. Jamal is

also being left alone for a long time without knowing his brother’s condition.

Another evidence that shows Jamal’s reactive characteristic is when Jamal is interrogated by the police in the police station.

Constable Srinivas snorts. Suddenly, Jamal is out of his chair and at

Srinivas’ throat. The combined force of the Inspector and Srinivas force him roughly back down. He is again handcuffed to the chair (I, XLV, 31). The police is asking about Latika to Jamal, because Jamal tells about his childhood to him. However, when Jamal is talking about Latika, Srinivas teases him by snorting to it. Jamal does not like it then attacks constable Srinivas

immediately. His emotion is provoked easily when he knows someone is doing something bad to Latika.

Jamal’s reactive characteristic which is shown by the two situations above

can be seen through Murphy’s theory on thought, speech, and reaction. In this situation, the scriptwriter describes the situation directly about what Jamal thinks. He can do what other people cannot do because of the different way of thinking.

Jamal’s decision to punch Salim and attack Srinivas are out of the writer’s

expectation.

B. The Meaning of Jamal Malik’s Motivation in Joining the Quiz of Who Wants to be a Millionaire

This part discusses about Jamal Malik’s true intention in joining Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz. There are two ways to find out Jamal’s true intention in joining the quiz. The first is by analyzing the surface meaning and the second is by analyzing the deeper meaning. The surface meaning can be found explicitly from the movie script, while the deeper meaning can be found after

reading the script and understanding Jamal’s characteristics.

1. The Surface Meaning of Jamal Malik’s Motivation

Surface meaning is the literal meaning of the story. The readers can find the meaning of the story from the script itself. The surface meaning of Jamal

Malik’s motivation in joining Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz can be found by reading the script because it is written there.

Freud (1923, in McLeod 2016) states that personality has three structures. Those are the id, the ego, and the superego. In his theory, Freud describes

superego’s function to control the impulse of the id. The ego is the part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence in order to mediate between the unrealistic id and the external real world. The ego operates according to the reality principle which will help the id to be satisfied. It matches to Jamal’s surface meaning in joining the quiz in order to meet the girl he loves.

After Jamal’s mother is killed in a religious attack in his village, Jamal

continues his life together with Salim. However, he meets a girl named Latika while running away from the riot. Since then, the three of them start to do their activities together, even though Salim does not let her join them at first. After Jamal asks her to join them, they start to mention themselves as the three musketeers.

When Jamal is growing up becoming an adult, Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz is really a big hit game show in the country. Many people are competing in order to become the contestant of the quiz. People in Jamal’s office are also going crazy with the quiz program. They are competing to become the contestant in order to get the top prize. On the other hand, Jamal Malik, the one who at first does not care about the quiz program, finally joins the quiz and competes there.

Jamal Malik is an uneducated person who lives in a slum area since a kid. He grows up alone because he is left by his brother, Salim, and gets separated from Latika, the girl he loves. One day, Jamal decides to join the Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz and successfully wins the top prize. However, his decision to join the quiz has another purpose more than just getting the money like everyone does.

After Jamal’s mother dies, Jamal goes everywhere together with Salim and Latika, until one day Latika is caught by Maman. Being separated with Latika makes him always think about her. After he gets some money from being a fake tour guide and selling some stolen shoes, he asks Salim to come back to Mumbai

to find Latika. Jamal and Salim find Latika in Maman’s house and ask her to go

with them. After Salim kills Maman, they run together to a hotel to make them safe. After in the hotel for a while, Salim goes somewhere while Jamal and Latika are having conversation.

LATIKA You came back for me.

JAMAL Of course.

LATIKA

I thought you’d forgotten.

JAMAL

I never forgot. Not for one day. I know I’d find you in the end. It’s our destiny.

LATIKA Destiny. Yes (I, CVI, 71).

Jamal never forgets Latika at all. He is willing to look for her during their separateness. Even when Jamal is making money from being a tour guide, he wants to come back just to find her. He does it because he always thinks that

Latika is his destiny. While they are having conversation, Salim goes to Javed’s

house to become his follower. Salim comes back to the hotel and forces Latika to go with him. He separates Jamal and Latika. This time, Jamal loses his brother as well as the one he loves for the second time. Starting from that time, Jamal lives and survives in his life alone.

One day, Jamal meets Salim and punches him on the face. After the

meeting, Jamal comes to Javed’s house by following Salim and pretends himself as a new cook. He successfully comes in to Javed’s house and finds Latika. Latika is watching the Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz while being interupted by her door-keeper’s gate-house. Jamal comes to the kitchen and sees the TV program which is showing the Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz that does not make him understand why people always watch that kind of TV program.

JAMAL

Why does everyone love this programme? LATIKA

It’s the chance to escape, isn’t it? Walk into another life. Doesn’t

everyone want that?

JAMAL You have another life. A rich one.

LATIKA

Who’d have thought it possible? A slum dog, with all this. (I,

CXXXVII, 91)

Latika believes that by joining the Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz, people have the chance to escape from poverty since the prize is great. However, while looking at Latika, Jamal thinks that she has her own life which is the rich one. With the luxuriousness she has, Jamal does not think that she lives happily since

he sees one of her eyes is bruised. Jamal asks Latika to go with him, but she does not want to.

JAMAL Come away with me.

LATIKA

Chutiye. Away where? And live on what? What can you provide? What have you got, Jamal?

JAMAL Love (I, CXXXVIII, 93).

Jamal tells her that he has love, since it never ends because he thinks that love can make her happy. Latika refuses Jamal to run away with him. However, he always tries to make them being together again.

LATIKA You want to do something for me?

JAMAL Anything.

LATIKA Then forget me.

JAMAL

I’ll wait at VT station. Five o’clock every day until you come. (I,

CXXXVIII, 95)

Even though Latika asks him to forget her, Jamal still wants them to be together. It is proved when he waits her at the VT station every day at five o’clock. One day, Latika comes to the station, but before Jamal comes closer to her, Salim and the gang have dragged her into the car.

To get Latika again, Jamal comes to Javed’s house. However, he cannot find Salim because Salim is at Javed’s new house. In Javed’s old house, Jamal

calls Salim.

JAMAL Where are you? Where is she?

SALIM

bloody idiot, been one of us. You’ve lost everything now.

Everything (I, CL, 103).

Salim then cuts the line. Jamal goes back to Salim’s apartment. He is sitting on

the floor while hearing the sound of Prem’s voice on the Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz saying “…if you want a chance to play Who Wants to be a Millionaire, call now…!” He looks up and stares at the TV (I, CLI, 104). It makes Jamal decide to join the quiz.

When Jamal becomes the contestant of the Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz, in the middle of the quiz he has no idea about the answer of a question. In the break session, Jamal and Prem go to the toilet together. There is a conversation between them there.

PREM

A guy from the slums becomes a millionaire overnight. You know

the only other person who’s done that? Me. I know what it’s like. I know what you’ve been through.

JAMAL

I’m not going to become a millionaire. I don’t know the answer (I,

CXLIV, 97).

Prem was a slumdog who now becomes a rich person after winning the same quiz. However, Jamal says that he is not going to be a millionaire. Therefore, he does

not look confused when he does not know the answer. From Jamal’s sentence, it can be seen that Jamal’s purpose is not to get the prize, but to reach something else. He does not even believe Prem when Prem offers him an answer of the

question. He guesses the answer by himself instead of using Prem’s answer. Fortunately, Jamal’s answer is correct (I, CXLIV, 98).

One more question left and Jamal is reported to the police by the host. He is suspected for cheating. From what Jamal says to the inspector, the readers know

the reality about him. He tells the inspector everything about his experiences as well as his feeling to Latika.

INSPECTOR And did she come back?

Jamal smiles sadly.

JAMAL

I wouldn’t be here if she had.” (I, XLV, 31)

From the conversation, it tells the readers that Jamal has not found Latika and still wants to find her. It can be said that Jamal joins the quiz because he wants to find her somewhere and wants her to come back. Since Latika likes to watch the TV program, he is sure that she will see him there.

After being proved to be innocent, Jamal continues the quiz for his last question. However, he cannot answer it and decides to call Salim to ask the answer. While calling Salim’s phone, there is no answer from his brother because Latika brings it. After realizing that she brings the phone and leaves it in the car, she runs to pick it up and finally they are able to talk to each other again. Jamal talks to Latika for several seconds and makes him surprised yet feels happy.

PREM

Okay! So, Latika, you want to hear the question one more time?

And let’s be clear about this. Twenty million rupees ride on your

answer. You have thirty seconds. Jamal, please read out the question to Latika.

JAMAL Is that really you?

LATIKA Yes.

PREM The question, Jamal.

JAMAL

In Alexandre Dumas’ book, The Three Musketeers, two of the

the third musketeer. Was it A) Aramis, B) Cardinal Richelieu, C)

D’Artagnan, D) Planchet.

Silence. The electronic clock ticks loudly. PREM Fifteen seconds.

JAMAL Where are you?

LATIKA

I’m- I’m safe.

PREM

Ten seconds. So, Latika, what do you think? Silence (I, CXC, 117).

In the limited time given, Jamal uses the time to ask about Latika’s condition. However, in this last question, Latika does not know the answer and Jamal has to guess it by himself. Fortunately, Jamal’s answer leads him to become the winner of the quiz and gets 20 million rupees as the top prize. In the end of the story, Jamal and Latika meet each other in the station.

LATIKA

I thought we would meet again only in death. He shakes his head.

JAMAL

I knew you’d be watching (I, CXCVII, 121).

Jamal’s decision in joining the quiz happens after he meets Latika and asks her to

go with him. It can be said that Latika is the main reason for him to join the quiz. Realizing that he has nothing but love, Jamal wants to prove it to Latika that people can be happy with love. In conclusion, the surface meaning of Jamal Malik’s motivation in joining the Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz is not to be

rich like everyone’s purpose, but to meet Latika. Being separated for several times makes Jamal want to be together and reunite again with her.

2. The Deeper Meaning of Jamal Malik’s Motivation

Deeper meaning is the real meaning which shows the reality depicted in the script. The deeper meaning is analyzed through the surface meaning and the motivation of the main character. Petri (1981) says that motivation is the concept to describe the forces acting or within an individual to start and direct behavior. From this, Jamal must have something that forces him to act and start his behavior. In this case is something that leads and motivates him to join the Who Wants to be a Millionaire.

From Jamal’s characteristics, the writer can analyze the motivation of

Jamal Malik in joining the quiz. Jamal is a brave person. To find Latika, Jamal

goes to Maman’s house where Latika becomes a prostitute there. He goes there

bravely even though his friend has reminded him that it is dangerous. Jamal is also an introvert person because he is never seen being together with his friends when he grows up. He is always by himself whenever he goes. When he is a kid, he always goes everywhere with his brother, Salim, after a rioter kills his mother. After the riot, he meets Latika and it makes him spend his days together with Salim and her. However, when Salim and Latika leave him, he continues his life

alone. He even does not have other people’s phone number except Salim. Besides,

Jamal is also emotional. He punches Salim when they meet each other after they are separated. He does not like how Salim leaves him alone and does bad things toward him and someone he loves. The writer uses psychological approach to

analyze Jamal Malik’s motivation in joining Who Wants to be a Millionaire quiz from those characteristics.

According to Maslow (1943), human motivation can be classified into five

stages of needs. Therefore, in order to know Jamal Malik’s motivation in joining the quiz, Maslow’s five stages of needs have to be analyzed.

Jamal lives together with Salim and Latika as the three musketeers after his mother is killed. His first meeting with Latika is when they are running away from a riot in his village. At first, Latika is too afraid to come closer to Jamal and Salim. When it is raining, she just looks at them from distance under the rain. However, Jamal comes to her and asks her about her family. From that time, Jamal and Latika are being friends and he always shows his kindness to Latika like giving his plastic sheet to her because she is wet.

Poverty makes them live miserably. They live wherever they can and nothing to eat since they do not have anything. One day, a person named Maman comes to them and gives them place to stay and food to eat. The three of them are very happy and pretend him as a saint (I, LV, 35). They do what Maman asks them to do without complaining. The lack of knowledge makes Jamal, Latika and Salim are easy to be used by bad people. There, they are asked to be a beggar and promised to have a good life with much money.

Maman is someone who likes to take care of homeless children. He usually uses them to earn much money by asking them to beg for money in the road. Maman wants the kids to sing a song in front of him in order to choose those who have good voices. Jamal knows that those who sing well will earn much money. Therefore, he imagines something that may happen to him.

All the children are asleep apart from Jamal who is crouched underneath a couple of wash-basins. He is talking through a plate-sized hole in the

crumbling masonry. Latinka’s eyes can be seen.

JAMAL

…weddings, government things, big parties. If Maman says my voice is ready. Big money.

LATIKA Enough for a room?

JAMAL Easily. Maybe an apartment

LATIKA Really?

JAMAL

That’s what Arvind said. On Harbour Road. You, me, and Salim.

The three musketeers.

LATIKA

Harbour Road! We can have ice cream from Babanji’s.

JAMAL Every day if we want. (I, LXII, 40)

Jamal has imagined about how he will become after Maman hears the way he sings. He positively thinks that Maman is his stepping-stone to be a successful person who can live comfortably and do whatever he wants. However, on the other hand, Maman wants to make Jamal blind because he has a good voice. Before Maman makes him eyeless, the three of them run away to avoid Maman by jumping into a moving train. However, Latika is left behind and catched by

Maman’s people (I, LXVIII, 43).

According to Maslow’s five stages of needs, the lower stage that should be fulfilled first is the physiological need. In Jamal’s case, Jamal’s physiological

need is enough. He is a healthy person who has no problem physically or mentally. Even though he is a poor person, when he grows up, he was never seen starving or very thirsty. Jamal also has no difficulties in sleeping and eating.

emerges is the safety need. Jamal’s safety need actually is fulfilled after Jamal freed himself from Maman. However, Jamal’s safeness is not really fulfilled. In

this case is the safeness of Jamal and Latika. After Maman’s people catch Latika,

Jamal and Salim continue their life together out of Mumbai. One day, Jamal asks Salim to go back to Mumbai in order to find Latika.

In one afternoon, Jamal meets Arvind, the boy who is blinded by Maman. Arvind is singing to beg for some money when Jamal meets him. He tells Jamal that Latika is in Maman’s place becoming a prostitute. Jamal and Salim immediately go there and successfully bring her away from Maman’s people because Maman is killed by Salim. They go to a hotel together and stay for a night.

In the hotel room, Jamal and Latika have a good time together while Salim disappears and no one knows where he is. Even though Jamal and Latika are in a

safe place because Maman’s people will not catch them, Latika still feels worry

that they will catch them again. However, Jamal loses her worry.

Jamal and Latika lie on the bed, drunk, though still coherent. Latika is dressed in the Belly-Boy’s jacket and the old lunghi.

LATIKA

Maman’s gang will haunt us. You know that?

JAMAL

I don’t care.

LATIKA Me neither.

They burst into laughter (I, CV, 70).

Even though they have run away from Maman, Latika still worries about

60 Appendix 1

Summary of Slumdog Millionaire

A penniless, eighteen-year-old orphan from the slums of Mumbai, he is one question away from winning a staggering 20 million rupees on India's "Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?" But when the show breaks for the night, suddenly, he is arrested on suspicion of cheating. After all, how could an uneducated street kid possibly know so much? Determined to get to the bottom of Jamal's story, the jaded Police Inspector spends the night probing Jamal's incredible past, from his riveting tales of the slums where he and his brother Salim survived by their wits to his hair-raising encounters with local gangs to his heartbreak over Latika, the unforgettable girl he loved and lost.

Each chapter of Jamal's increasingly layered story reveals where he learned the answers to the show's seemingly impossible quizzes. But one question

really doing on the game show?

When the new day dawns and Jamal returns to answer the final question, the Inspector and sixty million viewers are about to find out

Adapted from:

62 Appendix 2

Simon Beaufoy’s Biography

Simon Beaufoy (born 1967) is a British screenwriter. Born in Keighley, he was educated at Malsis School in Cross Hills, Ermysted's Grammar School and Sedbergh School, he read English at St Peter's College, Oxford and graduated from Arts University Bournemouth. In 1997 he earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay for The Full Monty.

He went on to win the 2009 Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for Slumdog Millionaire as well as winning a Golden Globe and a BAFTA award.Beaufoy has recently completed adaptations of The Raw Shark Texts by Steven Hall, Salmon Fishing in the Yemen by Paul Torday, and a new adaptation of The Full Monty as a stage play.

writers for "Undercovers", a television drama series about the undercover police officers who spied on activists, and the women who unknowingly had longterm relationships and even children with the spies.

Adapted from:

64 Appendix 3

Reflection

Jamal Malik’s life story makes the researcher reflects on a good point. As a human being, Jamal’s story is very inspiring. It is inspiring since how come a slumdog with an uneducated background is able to answer all of the questions in the quiz correctly. Jamal’s difficult life is shown in the story and make the researcher learn it. He can struggle and stay alone by himself without parents and guardians. He is really an independent person in his bad times. Sometimes, bad things can turn into something good. That is what Jamal undergoes.

Besides, Jamal never regrets everything he has or happens to him. Since there is no perfect life, everything can be happened. The researcher learns to never give up on bad times since it never last forever. Like Jamal Malik’s life, his miserable life does not last forever because something good is finally happening to him. His life has inspired and motivated him to do something which gives him happiness.

From Jamal’s story, the researcher can learn that life is never flat. Everything will not last forever. Even though we are in a bad situation, just believe that it will not remain forever because good things will eventually come. However, good things are not always about money. To be with the one who understand us and stay safe in this life are the greatest happiness that can be felt.

face their life wisely and know that something good will surely come if they do not give up on any situations.