Suggestion Conclusions and Suggestion 4.1 Conclusion

35

IV. Conclusions and Suggestion 4.1 Conclusion

1. Biochar has a better potential of organic matter to improve soil properties and growth of maize plants in rainfed land. 2. Formulation rice husk biochar dose of 5 tons ha w ith a dose of chicken manure dose of 10 tons ha can improve the physical, chemical and biological soil rainfed. There was a decrease bulk density, increased air dry soil water content, total soil porosity, available K, available P, CEC and soil organic C.

4.2 Suggestion

1. The biochar-dose combination formulations of rice husk 5 tons ha with chicken manure dose of 10 ton ha, can be used as a soil conditioner to improve the physical, chemical and biological soil constraints rainfed and water shortages after the rainy season. 2. Further studies should be done by using the location of rainfed land another in order to obtain more information from the biochar and organic matter as soil conditioner rainfed. V. Acknowledgements My thanks go to the Director of Research and Community Services Directorate General of Higher Education and Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Indonesia in Jakarta, which has given confidence to the author and the research costs. Thanks also to the Chairman of the SBRC Unmas Denpasar and Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture with permission and instructions. References Asai, H., Samsom, B.K., Stephan, H.M., Songyikhangsuthor, K., Homma, K., Kiyono, Y., Inoue, Y., Shiraiwa, T. Horie, T., 2009. Biocharamandement techniques for upland rice production in Northern laos 1. Soil Physical properties,leaf SPAD and grain yield. Field corps Research , 111,-81-84. Chan, K.Y., van Zwieten, B.L., Meszaros, I., Downie, D. Joseph, S., 2007. Agronomic values of greenwaste biochars as a soil amandments. Australian Journal of Soil Research,45,625- 634. Ferizal,M., Basri,A.B. 2011. Arang HayatiBiochar Sebagai Pembenah Tanah.Balai Pengkajian Teknologi PertanianBPTP Aceh. Glaser, B., Balashov, E., Haumaier L., Guggenberger G., Zech W. 2000. Black Carbon in Density Fractions of Anthropogenic Soil of the Brazilian Amazon Region. Organic Geochem, 31: 669 – 678 Glaser, B., Lehmann, J. Zech, W.,2002. Ameliorating Physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charchoal: A review. Biol Fertil Soils, 35: 219- 230. 36 Hairiah, K., Widianto, Utami, S.R., Suprayogo, D., Sunaryo, Sitompul, S.M., Lusiana, B., Mulia, R. Van Noordwijik, M., Cadisch, G. 2002. Pengelolaan Tanah Masam Secara Biologi. Intenational Centre for Research in Agroforesty.Bulletin. Bogor. Hammond, D., Steege, H., Van der Borg, K. 2007. Upland Soil Charcoal in The West Tropical Forests of Central Guyana. Biotropica, 392 : 153-160. Ismail,M., Basri,A.B. 2011. Pemanfaatan Biochar Untuk Perbaikan Kualitas Tanah. Balai Pengkajian Teknologi PertanianBPTP Aceh. Liang, B., Lehmann, J., Kiyangi, D.,Grossman, J.,O’Neill, B., Skjemstad, J.O., Thies, J., Luizao, F.J., Peterson, J. Neves, E.G.2006. Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soil.Soil Sci. Soc. Am.,70: 1719-1730. Masulili,A.,2010. Kajian Pemanfaatan Biochar Sekam Padi untuk Memperbaiki Beberapa sifat Tanah Sulfat Masam dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi Oryza sativa L . Desertasi Pascasarajana Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Novak, J.M., Bussecher, W.J., Laird, D.L. Ahmedna, M., Watts, D.W. Niandou, M.A.S.,2009. Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a Southeastern Coastal Plain. Soil. Soil Science , 174: 105-112. Soepardi, G. 1983. Sifat dan Ciri Tanah. Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. 591p. Steiner, C., Teixeira, W., Lehman J., Nehls, T., Vasconselos de Macedo, J., Blum, W., Zech, W. 2007. Long Term Effect Manure Charcoal and Mineral Fertilization on Crop Production and Fertility on a Highly Weathered Central Amazonia Upland Soil. Plant and soil, 291: 1-2. Sujana, P., Lanya, I., Netera Subadiyasa, N., Suarna, W. 2014. The Effect of Dose Biochar and Organic Matters on Soil Characteristic and Corn Plants Growth on the Land Degraded by Garment Liquid Waste. Journal of Biology Agriculture and Healthcare,IISTE, 4: 77-88. Tagoe,S.O., Takasugu Horiuchi, T., Matsui, T., 2008. Effects of carbonized and dried chicken manures on the growth, yield, and N content of soybean. Plant Soil,306,-211-220. Yamato, M., Okimori, Y., Wibowo, I.F., Anshori, S. Ogawa, M. 2006. Effects of the application of charred bark of Acacia manginum on the yield of maize, cowpea and peanut, and soil chemical properties in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 52, 489-495. 37 PRESERVING LOCAL FRUIT THROUGH PLANT SELECTION OF SALAK GULAPASIR IN BALI Ni Gst.Ag.Gde Eka Martiningsih and I Ketut Sumantra Agriculture Faculty Unmas Denpasar ekamartinigmail.com Abstract Salak is one of local fruit in Bali which is have distinctive taste sweet and have a thick fruit flesh. Every regions in Bali have a specific variant because of the expansion of crop cultivation of salak gulapasir. In the garden can be found at least three different types of characters based on the shape of fruit, color of the flesh and rind, unfortunately the possibility to enhance the economic aspect of salak gulapasir is still neglected. To spread out the diversity of salak as one strategy for food security and food sovereignity that is very advantage to increase the economic value of salak gulapasir. As one case study in Tabanan regency that the emergence of a new variant for plant driven by propagation by seed. The farmers on this site gave the name of the new variant as Gulapasir Pineapple nanas salak, Mumps gondok, Jackfruit nangka, but some cultivars have not been identified. All of the variants have a specific characteristic in adjusment of water stress. On the other hand, new development areas Tabanan has a short wet month 3-4 months, and the water deficit period lasts 3 months from the beginning of June to August with a total deficit of 69 mm m -2 , while the salak plants included in the group of species susceptible to drought and roots are easily damaged so that the miscarriage rate salak is very high reached 88.96, the development of flowers into fruits distracted and failed to form fruit. According to climate and water supply challenges in Tabanan region, this study will use salak gulapasir variant which is have tolerant to drought stress. The research aim is to find the salak gulapasir variant that is tolerant to drought and high yield potential. Key words: variant, fruit flesh, selection, tolerant.

I. INTRODUCTION