CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter discusses several factors such as review of previous studies, review of related literature, school based curriculum at elementary school, the
characteristics of the fourth graders of elementary school.
2.1 Review of Previous Study
2.1.1 Writing
Writing is one of the four language skills, which has it own characteristic. In writing we use symbols to express our ideas and feelings. According to Lado
1964: 43, “To write is to put down the graphic symbols that represent a language one understand, so that others can read these graphic symbols if they know the
language and the graphic representation”. It is known that writing is difficult
subject that is why it should be practice regularly and gradually. When we write, we do not only keep our purpose of writing in our mind, but
we have also to think how to organize them into composition. In addition, the process of writing requires an active thought dealing with the ideas in our mind.
In order to be success in writing, students do not only obey the rules in writing, but it would be interesting if they have good knowledge to support it.
Like the statements from Tydiman 1984: 134 writing is closely related to speaking, not only such item of content, organization of ideas and vocabulary, but
also in the use of pause and modulation of the voice to show the division and the relationship of the ideas.
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There are four skills that are taught at school; those are listening, reading, speaking, and writing. From those four skills, writing includes the productive
skill. Students re charged to have the ability in writing by process of thinking. It is difficult subject that needs practice regularly. Teaching writing is difficult for the
teacher. It does not only take one or two days but it would take a long time to do. When a teacher wants to teach about writing he or she must find out the
background knowledge of the students. It would be difficult if they do not have any knowledge about it. At least students must know about the elements of
writing. Moreover, not only knowing those elements, but they must also practice them regularly to get a good writing.
2.1.2 Teaching Writing
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