5
movie. Every utterance had meaning and every conversation had a different pattern. The result of this study shows the patterns mostly used in the Red
Riding Hood movie are automatic patterns. The pattern rarely used is the mixing of different sequences. In addition, the language functions are
commonly used in the dialogue of Red Riding Hood Movie is request. While, other language functions which were rarely used include ‘hold’, ‘assessment’,
‘offer’, and ‘threat’. Second, Fuad 2015 examines the conversation produced by those two
main charactersin “Knight and day” movie -Roy Miller and June Heaven- and convinced that the conversation forms various types of adjacency pairs. He
focused on four aspects of conversation those are turn – taking, adjacency pairs, preference organization, and pre-sequence and insertion sequence. The
theories used are the Levinson theory. The research approach used in this study is conversational analysis CA approach to understand the organization
of conversational interaction between participants. He found types of adjacency pair constructed by Roy Miller and June Heaven. The result of this
study shows that the dominant type of adjacency pair comes from question- answer. While, the least data of the type of adjacency pair is invitation and
suggestion type. Besides, He found some conversation that occurs are pre- sequence and insertion sequence and also turns which almost balance between
Roy and June. The next study also presented by Makasau 2015. She examines the
types of adjacency pairs which dominantly occurred in teacher-student
6
interactions in indoor outdoor. She focuses on interaction between teacher and student in all occasion in English Day program at Mutiara Persada Elementary
School. The participants in this research were 23 students of grade IV – Pegasus, which consisted of 10 girls and 13 boys and a non-native English
teacher. The theories used are Rymes theory. The results of this study show that the greatest amount of teacher talk in indoor and outdoor category is
primarily due to an emphasis on giving information and giving instructions. In contrast, student talks in indoor and outdoor categories are largely in the
functions of responding physically and acknowledging. In addition, the writer also reviews the previous study about preference
organization, especially, about dispreferred response. It is presented by Murti 2014, She examines the types of dispreferred act on the second pair part
which are uttered by the main character in the movie Beauty and the Briefcase, the ways of doing dispreferred social act, and also social factors
which influence the main character to do dispreferred act. This research used descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative research. The theory which
was applied in this study was Levinson’s theory about preference structure. The results of the research are. 1 There are 7 types of dispreferred act which
is used by the main character: assesment – disagreement, blame – denial, invitation – refusal, request – refusal, offer – rejection, question – unexepected
answer, and proposal – disagreement. 2 There are 12 ways of doing dispreferred act, they are prefacing, delaying, ignoring and changing the topic,
using a mitigator, hedging the negative, making it non – personal, appealing
7
for understanding, token yes, giving anaccount, mentioning obligation, saying an apology, and expressing doubt. 3 Social factors also influence the main
character to do dispreferred act: the participants, the topic of conversation, function of the speaking, and the social context of interaction.
From the previous studies above, we can conclude that all focused on adjacency pairs, but they had different data sources and methods. Three of
them have the same area with my research in collecting and analyzing the data, that is using data from movie. However, this study differs from those
previous studies above. This study only focused on the types of adjacency pairs and the dispreferred response, especially, about feedback of it which was
found in Frozen movie. Thus, this research will complete the previous studies.
1.2 Research Problems The writer formulates the research problems as the following:
1. What are the types of adjacency pairs in the dialogue of Frozen’s, a movie by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee?
2. How is the feedback of dispreferred response in the dialogue of Frozen’s, a movie byChris Buck and Jennifer Lee?
1.3 Research Objectives
In the relation to the problem statement above, the writer formulates the
research objectives:
1. To describe the types of adjacency pairs in the dialogue of Frozen’s, a movie by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee.
8
2. To explain the feedback of dispreferred response in the dialogue of Frozen’s, a movie by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee.
1.4 Significance of the Study
Through this study, the writer wants to discover the application of adjacency pairs in the dialogue of the movie. The result of the research is
expected to be used as one of the sources of information about adjacency pairs and preference structure. This might be used as a reference for those who are
interested in studying conversational analysis in the movie.
1.5 Scope and Limitations
The scope of this research is text in the movie script and focused on adjacency pairs which found in Frozen Movie. This research limits the data of
the types of adjacency pairs and the feedback of dispreferred responses which formed in Frozen movie through some theories about adjacency pairs. Then,
the theories will be combined by the writer to collect and analyze based on the existing data.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
1. Conversation is a form of verbal communication, it is defined as an activity which doing by two or more people; they are talking about
something with the certain purpose. 2. Adjacency pair is a pair of interrelated utterances which consist of the
first speaker and the second speaker.
9
3. First part is the speaker who has the first turn in conversation, usually make stimulus like as question, statement or etc.
4. Second part is the speaker who has the second turn in conversation, usually it is the response of the first part utterance.
5. Preference structure is a pattern of dialogue produced by the second speaker that refers to like or dislike, agree or disagree.
6. Preferred response is an expected response produced by the second speaker, such as agree, acceptance.
7. Dispreferred response is an unexpected response produced by the second speaker, such as disagree, refusal rejection.
8. Act is a response of someone by doing something. 9. Attitude is an invisible response, but it will be shown by someone
before or without doing something such as approving, ignore. 10. Expression is a response that arises to express the feeling or emotion of
someone. 11. Frozen is a 3D movie, which tells about the relationship between two
sisters in a castle, Elsa and Anna. One of them has a magic that makes the entire of the city is frozen.
This chapter presents which consist of discourse analysis;
preference structure, and F
2.1 Theoretical Framework
2.2 Relevant Theories
2.2.1 Discourse Analysis
Discourse analysis is a study of the relationship between language and the context in which it is used. Discourse analysts study
language in use: written texts of all kinds, and spoken data, from conversation to highly institutionalized forms of talk McCa
•Written
•Spoken
Discourse Analysis
Conversation Analysis
10
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter presents the theoretical framework, the relevant theories discourse analysis; conversation analysis; adjacency pairs and
, and Frozen movie.
Theoretical Framework
Relevant Theories
Discourse Analysis
Discourse analysis is a study of the relationship between language and the context in which it is used. Discourse analysts study
language in use: written texts of all kinds, and spoken data, from conversation to highly institutionalized forms of talk McCa
Written
Spoken
One of the basic rule in
conversation
Conversation Analysis
•First Part
•Second Part
Adjacency Pair
Preference Structure
relevant theories adjacency pairs and
Discourse analysis is a study of the relationship between language and the context in which it is used. Discourse analysts study
language in use: written texts of all kinds, and spoken data, from conversation to highly institutionalized forms of talk McCarthy, p 5.
First Part
Second
Preferred Dispreferred
Preference Structure
11
Discourse analysis focused on the constituent units and the structure of the sentence. In addition, it also analyzes the larger units and structures
which are implicitly recognized by speakers and hearers at the level of discourse, rather than at the level of the sentence.
Discourse analysis can be used in analyzing conversation. Mills 1997, p. 136 explains conversations can be seen to be structured, and
can be analyzed in terms of the moves which participants make to signal that, for example, they are initiating a new topic of conversation
or that they are reviving an older topic of conversation; these are using discourse markers with phrases such as ‘well’, ‘OK’ and ‘anyway’.
These discourse markers only have a function at the level of discourse, not at the level of the sentence. It is signalling the end of an exchange
or the initiation of a new topic. Gee 1999 also adds discourse analysis is based on the details
of speech and gaze and gesture and action or writing that are arguably deemed relevant in the situation and that are relevant to the
arguments the analyst is attempting to make. A discourse analysis is not based on all the physical features present, not even all those that
might, in some conceivable context, be meaningful, or might be meaningful in analyses with different purposes p 88.
From the explanation above, it can be seen how important discourse analysis in the production of language. Mills 1997, p. 142
states discourse analysis has provided a range of tools for describing
