100 x
n n
∑
2. Post-design Study
In the post-design study, the writer conducted the survey by distributing the questionnaire to the two English teachers of SMA BOPKRI I Yogyakarta and the
three lecturers of English Education Language Study Program of Sanata Dharma University to obtain the feedback, suggestion, and comments in order to revise and
improve the instructional materials.
D. Data Analysis Techniques
This section discusses the techniques in analyzing data which were obtained from the pre-design study and the post design-study.
1. Pre-design Study
In the pre-design study, the writer analyzed the results of the interview with the tenth-grade English teacher of SMA BOPKRI I Yogyakarta by making the
conclusion of each answer. The second data were obtained from the questionnaire. The data, then, were
analyzed by dividing the number of the students who chose certain topic with the total number of the students, then multiplied by 100. The data calculation in the
pre-design study was presented below.
∑
n
N x
x
∑
=
Note : n
= the number of the participants who choose certain options = the total number of the participants
2. Post-design Study
In post-design study, the writer analyzed the results of the questionnaire distributed to two English teachers of the tenth grade students of SMA BOPKRI I
Yogyakarta and three lectures of English Language Education Program of Sanata Dharma University. Since there were two questionnaire forms used in the post-design
study, writer analyzed the data using two techniques. The first technique was using statistical description to analyze the closed-form questionnaires. Furthermore, the
central tendency, namely mean, was used to describe the average performance among a group of scores. The mean was obtained by calculating the sum of the respondents’
answer divided the number of respondents. Here is the formulation of Mean:
Note: : The range point
: The sum of all scores N
: The number of respondents
In addition, the classification of the participants’ statements used five points of agreement below:
1 : strongly disagree with the statement
2 : disagree with the statement
3 : undecided with the statement
4 : agree with the statement
5 : strongly agree with the statement
After the data were successfully calculated, the results were presented in the table below.
Central Tendencies No
Participants’ opinion on N Mean
Note: N
: Number of respondents Mn
: Mean an indicator of central tendencies of the sources set
Table 3.2: The presentation of Participants’ Opinions on the Designed Materials
Therefore, in order to judge whether the instructional materials were acceptable or not, the writer made classification related to the results of closed-form
questionnaire in the table below.
The average point of central
tendencies Classification
0 – 1 The instructional materials are very poorly designed
1.1 – 2 The instructional materials are poorly designed
2.1 – 3 The instructional materials are fairly designed
3.1 – 4 The instructional materials are good and acceptable but it
still needs some revisions 4.1 – 5
The instructional materials are well-designed and acceptable
To analyze the open-form questionnaire, the writer made conclusion of the given comments, suggestions, and opinions. Afterwards, those comments,
suggestions, and opinions would be the basis to revise the instructional materials.
Table 3.3: The Presentation of Participants’ Opinions on the Designed Materials
E. Research Procedure
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