Data Analysis Table

Appendix 1: Data Analysis Table

ch, 2014

1. Nnewi (Nigeria)

2. Otigba (Nigeria)

3. Suame (Ghana)

Used studies: — Study 1

a) Brautigam (1997)

a) Oyelaran-Oyeyinka (2006)

a) Adeya (2006)

— Study 2

b) Oyelaran-Oyeyinka (1997, 2001, 2004)

b) Abiola (2006b)

b) Obeng (2002)

c) Uzor (2004)

c) McCormick (1998)

d) Abiola (2006a)

d) ProInvest (2005)

e) ProInvest (2005)

Cluster characteristics: — Activities

Metalworking, mechanical engineering, and vehicle repair services — Roots

Different branches of motor spare parts

Computer hardware and software trade and production

In the 1960s/early 1970s, with a marketplace specialized in motor

Early 1990s, starting with sales of components and equipment

1920s/1930s

spare parts

— Further characteristics

Place: Nnewi, Nigeria, urban

Place: Lagos, Nigeria, urban

Place: Kumasi, Ghana, suburbs, rural

Firms and workers: About 510 firms, with estimated workforce of

Firms and workers: More than 5,000 MSEs, more than 10,000

Firms and workers: Between 10 and 15,000 micro-firms; total

→ workforce more than 80,000 (2005) Moderate to high level, local complex-alliance — Horizontal linkages

10,000; 10–15 larger companies (2005)

employed, approx. 8 employees per firm (2006)

Local joint action:

→ Moderate level, local complex

→ High level, local alliance

— Cooperative competition (a)

— Unusually high cooperation

— Some horizontal specialization within the cluster (a, d)

— Joint import of raw materials (c)

— High level of subcontracting

— Extensive horizontal subcontracting (c)

— Sharing of equipment, technicians, transportation costs, and

— Cooperative competition

— Some examples of (strategic) horizontal cooperation, like a

information (c)

— All firms cooperate with each other via associations

cooperative for mechanics to purchase and share equipment (d)

— Joint financing and advertising (c)

— Joint marketing, quality improvement, information exchange,

— Little contact between larger and smaller firms (c)

— During last years the horizontal linkages did not increase very

advertising, and warehousing

much (a)

— Free flow of price information, technological support, and

market information

— Vertical linkages

— Relationships developing with suppliers

— Considerable vertical linkages

— Main input is scrap metal, sold by several traders within the

— Extensive cooperation with domestic buyers on quality

— Extensive cooperation with suppliers

cluster area (d)

improvement

— Cooperation with buyers

— Presence of some vertical links with engineering firms (a, c)

— Strong vertical bilateral linkages between garages and metal workshops: joint production (c) — Institutional linkages

— Vertical backward subcontracting is yet to emerge (b)

— Several institutions employing multilateral activities (e.g., trade

— CAPDAN very important as association for security (with

— Significant number of institutions involved in the development of

fairs and training)

police), for fight against piracy (with Microsoft), for traffic

the cluster (a, d)

problems (with city council)

— ITTU (Intermediate Technology Transfer Unit), a technical

— Other associations for lobbying on national level

support and consulting unit, fosters technology upgrading (a, d)

— Training courses for workers given by institute (a, d) Global value chains:

— Financial institutions entered the cluster

→ Unbalanced, some insertion (upstream)

→ Insertion

→ No insertion

— Upstream

— Much reliance on and cooperation with suppliers from abroad

— Many import linkages with firms in Asian countries

— Just some importing of raw materials (new steel) (d)

(esp. Taiwan)

— Import of foreign-branded computer products from companies

— More than 50% of firms is importing more than 80% of their

like IBM

machinery

— Joint venture agreements with firms from developed world

— Downstream

— 25% of firms are engaged in limited export activities to other

— Approx. 50% of firms export to foreign countries

— Mainly focused on domestic markets (d)

African countries

— Share of exports increased year after year (mostly to Western

— Still evidence of (informal) sales to customers from neighboring

— Very low level of cooperation

Africa)

countries (a, b, d)

353 — Enhanced cooperation with global buyers, esp. on information

— Weak export position

exchange, quality improvement, and joint marketing