Character A historical background of the misanthrope drama by molire

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C. Character

Character represents the nature of psychological, ethic kindness differentiating somebody with the others. Attendance of a narrator does not need in a drama staging, because character attendance can deputize it. Besides acting of all character, music, illumination, and other element also assist mentioned. When drama only in the form of drama copy, hence in the place of its, the reader have to learn the character of itself of the words which is saying by the character, acting, and comment from other character about them, and also guide which is depicting writer in its drama copy. But when that drama in show, hence there is an advantage, which is in earning, easily all the audience knowing the player character through character reaction, which is one with other. Characterization, its means how the author tells the readers about the physical and non-physical characteristic of the person told in the story. It might be done by giving description in word or being shown in actions or through by comments given by other character. Characters are distinguished by two criteria: a. Major character, is the important character in perform of a play. The features of major character are: 1. The name of the character often used in the title of the story. 2. Major character often appear in the story b. Minor character, is another character that is played as a complement. Character in drama can flat or round, static or dynamic. Flat characters are constructed around a single idea or quality, when there is more than one factor in 10 them; we get the beginning of the curve towards the round. A flat character, then can be reduced to a single quality, characteristic or principle; avarice, honor, unquestioning love, evil, etc. 12 Flat characters are denied growth and change, while round characters must change, yet both central and auxiliary characters are necessary. A flat character also known as a type or two-dimensional character is defined by a single quality without much individuating detail. Flat characters were called “humors” in the seventeenth century, are sometimes called types, and sometimes caricature. 13 The main characters of a play are usually round characters and the auxiliary characters usually flat. About characters in The Misanthrope, many persons characterize the play. Based on the appearance they are Alceste, Philinte, Celimene, Oronte, Arsinoe, Eliante, and Clitandre. Even though there are many characters in the play, the writer concludes that there are four characters categorized as the main characters. They are Alceste, Celimene, Philinte, and Eliante. D. Literary Sociology Literature is a special type of writing whose “value lies in beauty of form or emotional effect.” Literature is a special way of using the language. Generally, speaking language means to express feeling and ideas as well as to convey message. 12 Llyod J. Hubenka and Reloy Garcia, 1973, The Design of Drama: An Introduction, USA; David Mckay Company, Inc, p. 9 13 H. Ralph Singleton and Stanton Millet, 1966, An Introduction to Literature, USA; The World Publishing Company, p. 650 11 In literature, language is used beautifully so that it is able to bring some emotional effect. Literature is a part of the culture of a country; it is also the reflection of people. Literature may be describe as the records in words of what people have thought and felt from the ancient past to the present day. More exactly, literature is good writing that helps us understand that human beings in all times and places have much in common. Some literature belongs to what scholars call the oral tradition. This includes folktales, ballads, and nursery rhymes, which were passed by word of mouth from one generation to the next. Today type recorders help to preserve oral literature. But most literature comes to us written form – manuscript, scrolls, and the printed page. 14 Literature is divided into two broad classes, fiction and nonfiction. “Fiction” comes from the Latin fingere, which means, “to form”. Fiction is something that the writer invents or imagines. It aims to stir our feelings and imaginations by describing moods of joy or sadness, by telling us exciting stories, and by introducing us to characters whose emotions we may all understand and share. Fiction can be inverse or prose – in the form of play or poem, a novel or a short story. Nonfiction is the kind of writing we turn to when we want to learn the facts of science and history. This kind of writing may enter the realm of literature when the ideas are beautifully expressed in language that gives added pleasure. Great works of religion and philosophy often become nonfiction literature. 14 The New Book of Knowledge, “Literature”, 1986, USA; Grolier Incorporated, Vol 11, p. 310. 12 Literature cannot be dissociated with reality. Directly or not, it relates to the social culture. When a playwright tries to create a literary work, there are many ideas in his mind that he wants to transfer to the readers or audiences. Message that will be transferred, of course, comes from what he feels either it is from self-experience, learning from history, or result of communication with society. In consequence, the literature represents a mirror of life. The created literary works are the social reflection. Literature and sociology are two sciences that each mutual completed. The important studied about human social life. Beside that, science also has a close relationship with sociology science, because literature is social product, literature can describes the fact of human social life. With literary work, image of society life can conveyed to society too. Literature is a reflection of neighborhood of social-culture life. Term of “Sociology of art” in science of art intended to mention all critic and historian of art most off all pay attention to relation among author with its social class, social status and ideology, economic condition and profession and model reader. 15 Concept of Sociology of art relied on theory that literary work writes by an author, and the author represents a silent being, creature experiencing of sensation in 15 Ibid 13 life empiric of its society. Thereby, art is also formed by its society, art stay in network of system and assess in society. 16 From this awareness emerges understanding that art has relation with society. And sociology of literature copes to check attachment among the art with society in fact in many dimensions.

E. Mimesis a. Definition of Mimesis