Research Design RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents about the research methods applied in this classroom action research. It highlights about, research design operational definition of the key terms, area determination method, subject determination method, data collection method, research procedures, and data analysis method. Each point is explained in the following part respectively.

3.1 Research Design

Classroom action research was used in this research because this research was intended to improve the students’ reading achievement by using reading materials from internet at the XI-MIA 3 grade students at SMAN Rambipuji Jember in the 20132014 academic year. According to Gay 2011: 508, an action research in education is any systematic inquiry conducted by teachers, principals, school counsellors, or other stakeholders in the teaching learning environment that involves gathering information about the ways in which their particular school operate, the teacher teach, and the students learn. In addition, Gay further confirms that the action research provide the teacher as the researchers with a method for solving everyday problems in schools so that they may improve both student learning and teacher effectiveness. In this research, the researcher applied the classroom action research with cyclical model. But this research was conducted in one cycle. The cycle covered four stages: the planning of the action, the implementation of the action, observation and evaluation, and data analysis and reflection. In education, the action research can be done collaboratively between teachers, principals, school counsellors or other stakeholders in the teaching learning environment. Dealing with the statement above, the present classroom action research was conducted collaboratively with the English teacher of class XI-MIA 3 SMAN Rambipuji Jember. The collaboration was carried out on planning the action, implementing the action, observing the class, and doing reflection. However, the classroom action research was adapted in terms of the activities of the research in the research design. There are four activities in the research design and all of the activities were adapted and adjusted to the needs of the research in order to make it acceptable to be applied in this research. In this research, the researcher and the English teacher of class XI-MIA 3 SMAN Rambipuji Jember conducted the action collaboratively. The researcher and the teacher took turn to do the action and observation in the classroom. The action of each cycle covered four activities, namely: 1 the planning of the action, 2 the implementation of the action, 3 observation while implementing the plan, and 4 reflection of the action. Figure 3.1 The Design of Classroom Action Research Adapted from: Lewin in Elliot, 1991: 70 The Activities of the Research were as follows: 1 Undertaking the preliminary study by interviewing the English teacher of XI- MIA 3 in order to identify the problems in reading comprehension. 2 Observing the classroom to know the students’ participation during the teaching learning process of reading before they are taught reading by using reading materials adapted from the internet. The cycle is stopped Reporting the result The results meet the target Reflection - Analysis - Reflection Implementation: - Teaching reading of narrative text by using material from the Internet - Observing the teaching learning of narrative text reading - Administering the reading test Planning: - Choosing the action - Preparing the teaching materials - Constructing the lesson plans - Preparing the observation guide - Constructing the reading test - Determining the criteria of success of the action Preliminary Study: - Interviewing the English teacher - Fact finding - Problem identification 3 Planning the actions by constructing the lesson plans for the cycle that was done in two meetings lesson plan 1 and lesson plan 2. 4 Implementing the action in the cycle in teaching reading comprehension. In this activity, the researcher was teaching while the English teacher was observing the action. 5 Observing the classroom during the implementation of the action. 6 Administering a reading comprehension test to the research subjects after the action done at the end of the cycle. 7 Analyzing the results of reading comprehension test quantitatively. 8 Analyzing the result of classroom observation quantitatively and qualitatively. 9 Reflecting the results of reading comprehension test and the result of classroom observation descriptively.

3.2 Area Determination Method