Dakwah melalui musik

‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﰲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ‬

‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺩﻯ ﻭﺍﺣﻴﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻭﺩﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪104012000242 :‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‬
‫‪ 1430‬ﻫـ ‪ 2009 /‬ﻣـ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﰲ ﰲ‬
‫ﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ‬
‫ﲝﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬
‫ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﻴﻮﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪104012000242 :‬‬
‫ﲢﺖ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬

‫)ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ(‬

‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬

‫)ﳏﺼﻦ ﻧﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ(‬

‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‬
‫‪1430‬ﻫــ‪2009 /‬ﻣــ‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﺪﯾﻖ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن‬
‫ﻗﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ "ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﰲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ"‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﻮﻗﺶ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺛﻨﲔ‪،‬‬
‫‪ 18‬ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ‪2009‬ﻡ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪ 18 ،‬ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ‪ 2009‬ﻡ‬
‫ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ‬
‫‪..............‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﺥ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ 18‬ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ‪ 2009‬ﻡ‬

‫ﳏﺒﺐ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ‪/‬ﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ‪150263641 :‬‬
‫ﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ 18‬ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ‪ 2009‬ﻡ‬
‫‪..............‬‬

‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ‪150281981 :‬‬

‫ﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﲔ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻤﺘﺤﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫‪ 18‬ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ‪ 2009‬ﻡ‬
‫‪..............‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ‪150231357 :‬‬

‫ﺩ‪ / .‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﺩﺭﺩﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻤﺘﺤﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫‪ 18‬ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ‪ 2009‬ﻡ‬
‫‪..............‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ‪150263641 :‬‬

‫ﳏﺒﺐ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ‪/‬ﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺼﺪﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺩﻳﺪﻱ ﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ‪/‬ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ‪150231356 :‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫‪ :‬ﺃﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﻴﻮﺩﻱ‬
‫‪104012000242 :‬‬
‫‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻜﺎﺳﻲ‪ 14 ،‬ﺫﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ‪1405‬ﻫـ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﻣﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﻮﺩﻳﺔ ‪ 05/004‬ﺟﺎﰐ ﻛﺮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺎﰐ ﺃﺳﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻜﺎﺳﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻗﺮ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﰲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﻤﺖ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎ ﺑﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﳝﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺒﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻀﺎﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﱵ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻜﺎﺳﻲ‪ 23 ،‬ﳏﺮﻡ ‪ 1430‬ﻫــ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﻘﺮ‪،‬‬

‫)ﺃﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﻴﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻭﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺎﻭﻱ(‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳـﻠﲔ ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ ﺁﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺘﻪ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﰎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ "ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﰲ ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ" ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﰊ ﺃﻭﺩﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﳒﻮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻟﻴﻐﻮﻍ ﻭﺃﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺣﺎﰐ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺩﺣـﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﺗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻳﺘﻴﻢ ﻋﻔﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺯﻗﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻵﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺩﻳﺪﻱ ﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺳﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﳏﺒﺐ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴـﺘﲑ‬
‫ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺳﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﳏﺼﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴـﺘﲑ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﺷﺪﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﻭﺟﻬﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻹﲤﺎﻡ ﲝﺜﻪ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺳﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﻣﺸﺮﻑ ﺃﻛﺎﺩﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻓﲔ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬ﺳﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻓﺨﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﻲ ﻋﻔﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬ﲨﻴﻊ ﺯﻣﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﻠﻜﻲ ﺁﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺗﺮﻱ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺷـﻴﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺷﻜﺮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺮﺍﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺮﻣﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺯﻛﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻟﻒ ﺷـﻬﺮ ﻭﻏﲑﻫـﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﷲ ﳛﻔﻈﻬـﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺒﻴﻜﺎﺳﻲ‪ 24:‬ﳏﺮﻡ ‪1430‬ﻫــ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﻴﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺎﻭﻱ‬

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‫ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺃ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪1 ................................ ................................‬‬

‫ﺏ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪3 .............................. ................................‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ‪3 ........................... ................................‬‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ‪3 .............................. ................................‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ‪3 ............................... ................................‬‬

‫ج‪ .‬ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪4 ................................ ................................‬‬
‫د‪ .‬ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪4 .................................. ................................‬‬
‫ﻫـ‪ .‬ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ‪4 ............................... ................................‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪4 .................................. ................................‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪5 ........................... ................................‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪5 ......................................................‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪5 .....................................................‬‬
‫ﺯ ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪5 .............................................................‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ‪6.................................... ................................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ‪6............................. ................................‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﰲ ‪7........................... ................................‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪7.................................................................‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ‪8.........................................................‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ ‪9..........................................................‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ ‪10........................................................‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺴﻲ ‪11.......................................................‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ‪12.........................................................‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﶈﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺳﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲎ ‪14.....................................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﶈﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪16 ......................................‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﰲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ ‪20 .................................................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ‪21 ..............................................‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ ‪21 ....................................................‬‬

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‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺃﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻔﻪ ‪24 ..............................................‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺻﻴﻞ ‪25 ........................................................‬‬

‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﰲ ﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪ ‪25 ....................................................‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ‪27 ...............................................‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ ‪27 ............................. ................................‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﺹ ‪28 ................................................‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ ‪31 ...................................... ................................‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ‪33 ................................ ................................‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻝ ‪33 .................................... ................................‬‬
‫‪ .6‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ‪34 ................................... ................................‬‬
‫‪ .7‬ﺍﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﺍﺕ ‪35 .............................. ................................‬‬
‫‪ .8‬ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ‪35 ..................................... ................................‬‬
‫‪ .9‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪37 ................................. ................................‬‬
‫‪ .10‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ‪37 ............................... ................................‬‬
‫‪ .11‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪38 .................................................‬‬
‫‪ .12‬ﺻﻴﻎ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ‪39 ............................... ................................‬‬
‫‪ .13‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ‪40 .............................. ................................‬‬
‫‪ .14‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻵﻟﺔ ‪41 ..................................................‬‬
‫ﻫـ‪ .‬ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ‪42 .....................................................‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ‪42 ................................... ................................‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪42 ............................... ................................‬‬
‫‪.3‬ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ‪43 ................................ ................................‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ‪44 ...................................................‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ ‪46 ......................................... ................................‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ‪47 ..................................... ................................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬

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‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺎﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﺭﺁﺋﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎ ﳌﺎﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﻴﲔ ﺯﻋﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻖ ﻫﻮﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﻴﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻗﺴﻤﲔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻻﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻛـ‬
‫))ﺍﺿﺮﺏ(( ﻣﺜﻼ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻟـﻴﻀﺮﺏ ﻓﺤﺬﻓﺖ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﰒ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﻋﺔ ﰒ ﺟﻲﺀ ‪‬ﻤﺰﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺗﻮﺻﻼ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﲔ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﲏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺃ ‪.‬ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﺁﺭﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻷﺋﻤﺘﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻮﺭﻭﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﳌﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﻜﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﺍ‬
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﲔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺣﱴ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﻴﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﻮﺳﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻳﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻫﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﺒﻮﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﱪﺍﺩ ﺑﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﻌﻠﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺳﻴﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻔﺼﻼ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻐﻴﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﳐﺼﻮﺻﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﻴﻎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺣﻮﺍﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺈﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﻻ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻝ ﻭﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﺑﺪﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﻜﻦ )ﺃﻱ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﺏ( ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺼﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼ ﻳﻴﲎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﲔ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ ﲢﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻻﺳﻢ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﻜﻦ )ﺍﻹﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻑ( ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﱵ ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ )ﺃﻱ ﰱ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬
‫س ا ﻟﻌرﯾﯾﺔ‪ ) ،‬اﻟﻘﺎھرة‪ :‬د ار ا ﻟﺣدﯾث‪ 1426 ،‬ھـ(‪ ،‬ط‪ .1.‬ج‪،1.‬‬
‫‪ 1‬ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ اﻟﻐﻼﯾﯾﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟ ﺎﻣﻊ ا ﻟدر و‬
‫ص ‪8.‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ( ﻓﻼ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﺮﺭﺕ ﺑﺄﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﳌﺎﺿﻰ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﻻﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺑﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﰱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﰱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﻮﻱ ﳓﻮﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﲟﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﲡﺎﻫﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻻ ﻏﲎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻟﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﰱ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰱ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳌﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪﻯ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺜﻘﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﲕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1302‬ﻫـ ‪1885‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻧﺸﺄ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ .3‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﺎﱂ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳓﻮﻯ ﻭﺃﺩﰊ ﻭﻓﻘﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺑﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1330‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1912‬ﻟﻠﻤﻴﻼ‪ 4.‬ﻭﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﲝﺜﺎ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺣﺎ ﻭﲤﺜﻴﻼ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ .‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻋﻠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻟﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﲤﺜﻴﻼ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻮﺯﻭﻧﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻫﻮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﻓﻼ ﺷﻚ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻵﺳﻒ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺒﲔ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻡ ﳏﺬﻭﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺳﻴﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺻﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﰲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻭﺗﺒﻴﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺑﺮﺃﻱ ﺃﺋﻤﺘﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﰲ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ؟ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ؟ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺳﻴﺸﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 2‬أﺣﻣد اﻟﺧوص‪ ،‬اﻟﻐﻼﯾﯾن ﻧﺣوى اﻟﻌﺻر‪) ،‬دﻣﺷق‪ :‬اﻟﻣطﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻣﯾﺔ‪1988،‬ھـ(‪ ،‬ط‪ ،1‬ص‪.10‬‬
‫‪ 3‬أﺣﻣد اﻟﺧوص‪ ،‬اﻟﻐﻼﯾﯾن‪ ،...‬ص ‪23.‬‬
‫‪ 4‬ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ اﻟﻐﻼﯾﯾﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‪،...‬ص‪8.‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﰲ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ‪.‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﻛﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻄﺎ ﲟﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ ﺳﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﳛﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﺮﺡ ﻭﻳﺒﲔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﲔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ؟‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ؟‬
‫ﺝ ‪ .‬ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻛﻤﺎﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ ‪ .‬ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬

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‫ﻳﺮﺟﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺋﲔ ﺍﳌﺸﻐﻮﻟﲔ ﺑﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﳌﻦ ﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺴﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﻛﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫـ ‪ .‬ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺮﺭﻩ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪:‬‬
‫‪Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi, Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan‬‬
‫‪Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2007.‬‬

‫ﻭ ‪.‬ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﲟﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺇﺫﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺴﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻜﻞ ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﻓﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﻟﻠﺴﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻘﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻳﺘﻌﻤﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

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‫ﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻳﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯ ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ )‪ (2003‬ﺑﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻀﻢ ﺃﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﳎﻤﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻻ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ‪.‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﳎﻤﻞ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺼﻠﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻤﻖ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻼ ﻭﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻧﻜﺸﺎﻓﺎ ﺗﺎﻣﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻻ‬
‫ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﻓﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ )ﺫﻫﺐ‪-‬ﻳﺬﻫ‪‬ﺐ‪-‬ﺫﻫﺒﺎ‪-‬ﻭﻣﺬﻫﺒﺎ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﻥ )ﻓﹶﻌ‪‬ﻞﹶ‪-‬ﻳ‪‬ﻔﹾﻌ‪‬ﻞﹸ‪-‬ﻓﻌﻼ( ﺑﻔﺘﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻭﺿﻢ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺫﻫﺐ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻟﺬﻫﺒﻪ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﳌﺬﻫﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻳﻦ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ‬
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‫ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﺎ ﺣﺴﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ‪.‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﳌﻌـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﳐﺼﻮﺻﺔ‪.‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻳﻴﲏ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻫـﻮ ﻋﻠـﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﻴﻎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺣﻮﺍﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺈﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﻻﺑﻨﺎﺀ ‪.‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻝ ﻭﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﺑﺪﺍﻝ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﺎ ﳚـﺐ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪ 5‬اﺑن اﻟﻔﺿل ﺟﻣﺎل اﻟدﯾن ﻣﺣﻣد ﺑن ﻣﻛرم اﺑن ﻣﻧظور اﻷﻓرﯾﻘﻲ اﻟﻣﺻري‪ ،‬ﻟﺳﺎن اﻟﻌرب‪) ،‬ﺑﯾروت‪:‬‬
‫دار ﺻﺎدر‪1410 :‬ھـ‪1999/‬م( ط‪ ،1.‬ج‪ ،1.‬ص‪394‬‬
‫‪ 2‬ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ اﻟﻐﻼﯾﯾﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‪ ،...‬ص‪8 .‬‬

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‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻻﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﻜﻨﺔ )ﺃﻱ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﺏ( ﻭﺍﻻﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﺮﻓﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻻﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﺪﺓ ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎﺋﺪﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻭﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻦ ﰲ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺻﻴﻐﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﲣﺘﺺ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺺ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﱪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺣﺮﻑ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻮﺍ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﻀـﺒﻂ ﺑﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺯ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻡ )ﻓﻌﻞ( ﻭﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻌﻞ ‪.‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻓﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﺪﺓ ﺃﻯ ﻻ ﻳﻄﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ‪.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﻞ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺫﻭ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻭﺫﻭ ﻛﺴﺮ ﻭﺿﻢ‬

‫‪#‬‬
‫‪#‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﰱ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻜﻨﺎ‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ﻛﺄﻳﻦ ﺃﻣﺲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﻛﻢ‬

‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﰲ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺈﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﰲ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺑﺮﺃﻱ ﺃﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﻬﻼ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻭﺷﺮﺣﺎ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﳍﺎ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﺣﺪﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﺪﻭﺭ ﲝﺚ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﻂ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﻐﻴﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﻢ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﻷﻥ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻼ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﻛﺘﻐﻴﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ ﺍ‪‬ﺮﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‪.‬‬
‫‪7‬ﻋﺑد ﷲ ﺑن ﻋﻘﯾل اﻟﻌﻘﯾﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺷرح اﺑن ﻋﻘﯾل‪) ،‬ﺳﻣﺎرﻧﺞ ‪ :‬ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ دار إﺣﯾﺎء اﻟﻛﺗب اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‪ ،‬د‪.‬ت(‬
‫ط‪ ،2.‬ص‪4 .‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺳﻴﻄﻮﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﻓﻜﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﲞﻤﺴﺔ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻳﻬﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻫﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﻷﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،8‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰱ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﺢ‪ 9.‬ﻭﺑﺮﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ ﰲ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻠﺪﻩ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺩﺭﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ ﺳﻴﺒﻮﻳﻪ ﻭﻧﻀﺮ ﺑﻦ ﴰﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ‪ 10.‬ﻣﺎﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺳﻴﺒﻮﻳﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻨﱪ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺑﲏ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻨﻴﺘﻪ‪ 11‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﺑﻠﻘﺒﻪ‪ 12‬ﺳﻴﺒﻮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻘﺐ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﺗﻔﻮﺡ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻜﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻃﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﻭﻟﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﲰﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻴﺒﻮﻳﻪ ﺑﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﰲ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻯ ﺛﲑﺍﺯ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ‪ 14.‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺳﻴﺒﻮﻳﻪ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﲪﻪ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻴﺒﻮﻳﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪180‬ﻫـ‪ .‬ﻭﺻﻨﻒ ﺳﻴﺒﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ‬
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‫ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 8‬اﻟﺑﺻرة ﻣﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺑﻐداد وھو أﺣد ﻣن اﻟﺳﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺑﻐداد وھو ﻣﺷﮭور ﺑﻣﻛﺎن اﻟذي وﻟد ﻓﯾﮫ اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء‪.‬‬
‫وﷲ ﯾرﺿﺎه‪ .‬ﻓﺎل اﻣﺎم ﻧواوي واﻟﺑﺻرة ﺑﻔﺗﺢ اﻟﺑﺎء اﻟﺑﻠدة اﻟﻣﺷﮭورة ﻣﺻرھﺎ ﻋﻣر ﺑن ﺧطﺎب رﺿﻲ ﷲ ﻋﻧﮫ‪.‬‬
‫اﻧظر ﺗﮭذﯾب اﻻﺳﻣﺎء واﻟﻠﻐﺎت ص‪ ،38‬ج‪3‬‬
‫‪9‬ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ ﻋﺑد اﻟﻌزﯾز اﻟﺳﻧﺟرﺟﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟﻣذاھب اﻟﻧﺣوﯾﺔ‪) ،‬ﺟدة‪ :‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﻠك ﻋﺑد اﻟﻌزﯾز‪1406 ،‬‬
‫ھـ(‪ ،‬ط‪ ،.1‬ص‪23‬‬
‫‪10‬ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ ﻋﺑد اﻟﻌزﯾز ‪ ،‬اﻟﻣذاھب‪ ،...‬ص‪.23‬‬
‫‪11‬واﻟﻛﻧﯾﺔ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺷﺎر ﺑﺄب أو أم‪ .‬ﻣﺛل أﺑو ﺑﻛر رﺣﻣﮫ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪12‬واﻟﻠﻘب ﻣﺎ ﻋﺷﻌر ﺑﻣدح أو ذم‪ .‬ﻣﺛل أﻧف اﻟﺗﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪13‬ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ ﻋﺑد اﻟﻌزﯾز‪ ،‬اﻟﻣذاھب‪ ،...‬ص‪26‬‬
‫‪14‬ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ ﻋﺑد اﻟﻌزﯾز‪ ،‬اﻟﻣذاھب‪ ،...‬ص‪26‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﱪﺩ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻷﺯﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪210‬ﻫـ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺼﺮﺓ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﺫﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺯﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺴﺘﺎﱐ‪ 15.‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﺒﻮﺑﻪ ﻭﻃﻼﺑﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﻌﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﲝﺴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﻋﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﱂ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻮﻕ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺑﺮﺯ ﲰﺎﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﻄﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﳓﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻴﺤﺔ‪ 16.‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻗﻲ ﺍﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮ�