Scope of The Problem

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Concept of Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign Language

English is prime language in the world. It is used in many countries as native language, second language and foreign language. In conclusion, English is one of international languages. Patel and Jain state that “Foreign language is the language where the secondary environment is not observed and the people of linguistically foreign societies use such language”. 6 It means that English is the language used in the world as a mother tongue or language capable of uniting communication between the worlds population, use English in communication with others in the world. According to Jeremy English as a foreign language is generally taken to apply the students who are studying general English at school and institutes in their own country or as transitory visitors in a target language country. 7 It means that English is generally used only for teaching students who are learning English, but the importance of the English language requires every student to be able to use English. The English teacher should be able to create a real situation that can be used to support learning and teaching process in order that the students are able to use English naturally for communication. The students should be put into situation that they can use English for communication both in written and spoken forms. 6 M.F Patel and Praveen M. Jain, English Language Teaching: Methods, Tools Techniques Vaishali Nagar: Sunrise, 2008, p.35. 7 Jeremy Harmer, How to Teach Writing Edinburg Gate: Longman Group, 2004, p.39. In teaching English as a foreign language the teacher helps and guides the students how to learn English easily and hope that they are able to be active and able to speak English. As stated Brown that teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving instruction, guiding in the study of something providing with knowledge causing to know or understand. 8 It Means that teacher in the learning process is very important in the development of the child rent‟ ability. Give teachers knowledge that is not known by the student, making the pattern of education that can improve student ability. The success of students in a lesson is evidence of the success of measures or means used by teachers in teaching student. According to explanation above, the researcher assumes that Learning as a foreign language is a conscious learning process to understand English as a foreign language or the target language, English as prime language in the world, in this learning process the teacher or educator has an important role. Teachers provide new knowledge that has never been known to the student, making the pattern of education as a step for the teachers transfering knowledge. Teachers as mentors who guide students to improve their ability, in this case to understand English as a foreign language. 8 Brown, H Douglas, Teaching by Principle an Interactive Approa ch to Language Pedagogy San Francisco: Longman,1988, p.7.

B. Concept of Reading

According to Jennifer, Reading is thinking and understanding and getting at the meaning behind a text. 9 It means that reading is a process through which the reader to get a message from an article. As the process of beginning readers are invited to think about reading, to know the meaning of the symbols that exist as a message to be delivered by the author, and understand the contents of the message so that a series of new thinking that is conveyed by the author to the reader so that the reader gets the sense from the text. It is Supported by Karen Statement that reading is the act of making sense of print. 10 It means that reading is the act of making a reader able to perceive the meaning of the work that has been read, It means that the reading will show any expression of the author so the reader can understand the reading material well. read an arrest and understanding of ideas are the reader activity that accompanied the outpouring of the soul in living up to the script. According to Harris and Graham, Reading is an activity that has a purpose. 11 Moreover, Scanlon Et.al state that reading is a complex process that requires the analysis, coordination, and interpretation of a variety of sources of information. 12 It means that reading is a process to get understanding from a text. The reader can understand 9 Jennyfer Serravallo, Teaching Reading In Small Group Porsmouth: Heinemann, 2010, p.43. 10 Karen Tankersley, The threads of Reading Alexandria: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development ASCD, 2003, p. 146. 11 Karen R Haris and Graham Steve, Teaching Reading Comprehension to students with learning difficulties , New York: The Guilford press, 2015, p.104. 12 Donna M. Scanlon, Kimberly L. Anderson and Joan M. Sweeney, Early Intervention for Reading Difficultie London: T he Guilford Press, 2010, p. 9.