3. Developing the first draft of the materials
The first draft of the material was developed by referring to the course grid and using the appropriate inputs. The material was developed into three
units in which each unit was made up from a number of tasks. In this step, comments and suggestion from experts were needed to produce good
materials. 4.
Evaluating the first draft of the materials expert judgment After finishing writing the first draft of the materials, the researcher asked
experts to evaluate the draft whether the developed material was appropriate for the students or not by distributing evaluation
questionnaires to two experts. The suggestions and feedback from the experts were used to revise the materials.
5. Revising the first draft and writing the final draft of the materials
The first draft that had been evaluated by the experts was revised by referring to the comments and suggestions given by the experts. The
revision of the first draft then was written as the final draft.
6. Making conclusions and recommendation
After writing the final draft, the researcher wrote the conclusion and recommendation regarding to the materials.
E. Data Collection Techniques and Instruments
The data collection technique employed in this research was the use of questionnaires. There were two types of questionnaires employed in this research
which were needs analysis questionnaire and evaluation or expert judgment questionnaire.
a. Needs Analysis Questionnaire
The needs analysis questionnaire was distributed to the students to find out the students’ target needs and learning needs. The questionnaire consisted of a
number of questions in which each question has some options. The students were asked to choose one or more the options in the questions or write their own
options which were not exist in the options. Below is the organization of needs analysis questionnaire.
Table 3.1 The Organization of Needs Analysis Questionnaire
No Aspect
Number of Items
Purpose of the questions
References
1 Students
personal identity 1
To find out personal information about the
learners. Graves 2000:
103
2 Necessities
2, 3, 4, 5 To find out the
students’ needs related to the demand of the
target situation from an objective sense.
Hutchinson and Waters
1987: 55
3 Lacks
6, 7, 8, To find out the gap
between students’ existing knowledge
and the required knowledge level.
Hutchinson and Waters
1987: 55
4 Wants
9 To find out the
students’ needs related to the target situation
from the students’ point of view.
Hutchinson and Waters
1987: 56
5 Goal
10 To find out the
expectation of the students to the English
learning. Graves 2000:
104
6 Input
11, 12, 13, To find out the content that should be
carried out in the tasks which are designed.
Nunan 2004: 47
7 Procedures
14, 15, 16, 17,
To find out what the students should do
with the tasks. Nunan 2004:
52
8 Setting
18 To find out whether
the tasks should be carried out in group
work, pair work or individual work.
Nunan 2004: 70
9 Learners’ role
19 To find out the
learners’ role in the classroom.
Nunan 2004: 64
10 Teachers’ role
20 To find out the
teacher’s role in the classroom.
Nunan 2004: 67 and
Harmer 2001:58
b. Expert Judgment Questionnaire
The expert judgment questionnaire was distributed to material expert after finishing writing the first draft. It was used to evaluate the materials whether they
were appropriate or not for the students in term of their content, their presentation, their language and their graphic or lay out. The organization of the expert
judgment questionnaire is listed below. Table 3.2 The Organization of Expert Judgment Questionnaire
No Components of
Evaluation Aspects
Item Number References
1 Content
Completeness 1, 2
BSNP 2007 Depth
3, 4, 5, 6, 7 BSNP 2007
Accuracy 8, 9, 10
BSNP 2007 Life Skill
Development 11
BSNP 2007
2 Language
The 12
BSNP 2007
appropriateness at
developmental level of Students
Communicative
13 BSNP 2007
Grammatical Accuracy
14, 15, 16 BSNP 2007
The unity of Ideas
17, 18 BSNP 2007
3 Presentation
Systematic 19
BSNP 2007 Balance
between the Units
20 BSNP 2007
Students’ centeredness.
21, 22, 23 BSNP 2007
Creativity 24
BSNP 2007 Autonomous
25 BSNP 2007
Self-Evaluation 26, 27
BSNP 2007 Presentation
Completeness 28, 29, 30, 31, 32
BSNP 2007 4
Graphic Typography
33, 34, 35,36,37, 38
BSNP 2007
F. Data Analysis Technique
