b. Wall Picture Wall picture is simply a large illustration of scene or event a set of
scenes or events. It is usually to be used with the whole class. Wall-pictures, which details large enough for the entire class to see,
may be used in place of things such as clouds, the sea, mountains, the sun, and the sky, which are impossible to bring into the classroom.
c. Flash Cards
Word flashcard, card with printed words on it can help up rapidly; the cards can be used to demonstrate exactly what the teacher
wishes. Picture flashcard, useful for the representation of a single concept,
such as an object or an action. d. Work Cards
Include visual as well as text magazine picture, drawing, maps and diagrams can be important part or work card at all levels, used for
variety of purposes.
12
As it has been stated above, there are many types of pictures that could be used as media and cloud be taken from anywhere, such as
magazines, newspaper, etc. where each types of pictures have their own uses that could be applied to the students, so it is important for
the teacher that using picture is to understand well which picture can be used for their students.
3. The Criteria of Good Picture
The teacher should have the ability to convey the good material to the students, when heshe teaches in class, teacher needs some media
to make students easier in understanding material, picture is one of visual media that teacher used in teaching process.
12
Betty Morgan Bowen, Look Here, Visual Aids in Language Teaching, London: Essential Language Teaching Series, 1973, p. 13-31
In order to have a good result and of course to know the effectiveness of picture in terms of vocabulary teaching and learning,
the writer also need to know a good criteria of a good pictures that been used in the research.
According to MAC M, Ramirez, the pictures should be directly relevant to a specific teaching objective and should be identified by the
lesson with it is to be used. Beside that, the pictures should be simple graphic and easy to use or manipulate.
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The MAC M, Ramirez’s statement can be applied as colorful drawing simple technique and if
we make a picture it has to be relevant with the theme and easy to understand by the students.
The teacher should have the ability to convey the good material to the students, when heshe teaches in the class, teacher needs some
media to make students easier in understanding material, picture is one of visual media that teacher used in teaching process.
According to Andrew Wright, there are some criteria for selecting good pictures for the students, such as:
a. The aid must be easy to prepare and organize by the teacher b. The aid must be interesting for students
c. The aid must be excellent point of view and sufficient amount of language
d. The aid must fit in the best principles of education.
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Based on the explanation above, the criteria for good picture should be clear and big enough to see, and to choose or select a picture
is needed to be appropriated with the knowledge of the students and related to the topic that is being discussed.
13
MAC M, Ramirez, The Neglected Tools can Work for You Washington D.C : The Art of TESOL Selected Articles from the English Teaching Forum, Part Two, 1975, p. 268.
14
Andrew Wright, Pictures for Language Learning…, p.3
C. Translation method
1. The Understanding of Translation Method
Translation is not an instant process. It needs work hard and serious attempt of the translator. According to Ne
wmark, “Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the
author intended the text.”
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Nida and Taber also gave their definition about translation that, “Translating consist in reproducing in the receptor”
language the closest natural equivalent of the source language meaning, first in term of meaning and secondly in terms of style”.
16
From both the statement, it can be said that the meaning is the important thing of
translation. Besides, the “equivalence” also become key words in translation as stated by Catford that, “Translation is the replacement of
textual material in one language SL, by equivalent textual material to another language TL.”
17
The three definitions above are taken from various sources. From the definition above, it can be conclude that translation is a transferring
activity from source language into target language. In the process of translation, equivalence is an important thing because translating a text is
not changing word by word from one language to another language, but also transferring the meaning of the source language may not be delivered
in the target language effectively.
15
Peter Newmark, A Textbook of Translation, London: Prentice Hall, 1988, p. 5.
16
Eugene A Nida and Charles R Taber, the Theory and Practice of Translation, Leiden:EJ Brill, 1974, p. 12.
17
J. C. Catford, A Languistic Theory of Translation: An Essay in Applied Linguistic, London: Oxford University Press, 1974, p. 20.
