47 Figure 3.1. Concept of Data Analysis Procedure
Adopted from Creswell
H. Trustworthiness
This research was a mixed method study which the data collected quantitatively and qualitatively. Both quantitative and qualitative study
needed to proove the validity of data. The validity of quantitative data had been explained before. The validity of qualitative one was called
trusworthiness.
Regarding trustworthiness
in qualitative
research, Sandelowski argued as quoted by Rolfe that issues of validity in qualitative
studies should be linked not to „truth’ or „value’ as they are for the positivists, but rather to „trustworthiness’, which „becomes a matter of persuasion
whereby the scientist is viewed as having made those practices visible and, therefore, auditable’.
10
Rallis and Rossman, define trustworthiness as “a set of standards that demonstrates that a research study has been conducted
competently and ethically .”
11
From both definitions known that trustworthiness of a qualitative research was when it was visible and
auditable and met the standard of competent and ethics. To ensure that this research was a trustworthy study, it adopted
transferability as its trustworthiness. Transferability was an external validity which “is concerned with the extent to which the findings of one study can be
applied to other situations.”
12
Since this study was inspired by the previous studies of Daniel Kasule in Swaziland and Perekem and Agbor in Bayelsa
Nigeria.
10
Gary Rolfe. Methodological Issues in Nursing Research; Validity, trustworthiness and rigour: quality and the idea of qualitative research. The Author. Journal compilation 2006
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2006, p. 305.
11
Sharon F. Rallis and Gretchen B. Rossman. Ethics and Trustworthiness, in Juanita Heigham and Robert A. Croker eds, Qualitative Research in Applied Linguistics: A
Practical Introduction, USA: Palgrave MacMillan. 2009, p. 264.
12
Andrew K. Shenton. Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for Information 22 2004 IOS Press, p. 69.
Sequential Explanatory Design
Quantitative data collection
Interpretation of Entire
Analysis Quantitative
data analysis
Qualitative data collection
Qualitative data analysis
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