Focus of the Study Research Question Objectives of the Research Significances of the Research Conclusion

B. Focus of the Study

Based on the background of the study above, the writer will focus the analysis on the characteristic of the main character and the personality structure of the main character in Mr. Brooks’ film.

C. Research Question

Based on the focus of the study, the writer would like to formulate the research question as follows: 1. What are the characteristics of Mr. Brooks? 2. How is the work mechanism of personality structure on Mr. Brooks’ character in Mr. Brooks’ film?

D. Objectives of the Research

Based on the research question above, the objectives of this research are: 1. To know the characteristics of Mr. Brooks. 2. To know the work mechanism of personality structure on Mr. Brooks’ character in Mr. Brooks’ film.

E. Significances of the Research

The writer hopes this research can help the readers in understanding the term of Sigmund Freud’s personality structure in Mr. Brooks’ film. Furthermore, the result of this research hopefully can be used as an input in literary studies.

F. Research Methodology

1. Method of the Research

The writer uses the descriptive qualitative method in this research. By using this method, the writer will do the research by explaining, describing and analyzing the characteristic of the main character and the personality structure on Mr. Brooks’ character in the film.

2. Data Analysis

The collected data will be analyzed by using Sigmund Freud’s personality structure. Therefore, the study begins by analyzing the script and the pictures of Mr. Brooks’ film, and then focuses on the main character to find his characteristics and the personality structure of his character.

3. Instrument of the Research

The research employs the writer herself as the main instrument by watching the film several times, analyzing the script of the film Mr. Brooks, identifying, classifying and giving some notes of the collected data.

4. Unit of Analysis

The unit analysis in this research is the script of Mr. Brooks’ film written by Bruce A. Evans and Raynold Gideon and directed by Bruce A. Evans which first released on June 1, 2007 distributed by MGM Distribution Company, USA. CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Since the story in Mr. Brooks is rich of personality issues, so the theory that the writer applies in observing the story is Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis about personality structure. However, to apply the theory of Sigmund Freud’s personality structure, there should be an analysis about the intrinsic element of the story. The most important element that must be observed in the film is character. Character is not only playing a major role in the story but character is also creating a conflict that can develop and build the idea of the story. Therefore, there will be two theories which can be applied in the research; Character and Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis about personality structure.

A. Character 1. Character

Character is a vital and necessary element in the story. Without character there would not be plot and, hence, no story. Character is rather easily discernible, and it engages a natural interest in personalities. By understanding the characters in one story, someone can catch what exactly the story is about. According to Judith A. Stanford in his book, Responding to Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays and Essays, “character is the fictional people who are part of the action of a story or literary work”. 3 The term character also denotes the essential qualities and personality traits of a fictional or real individual. The ability to create compelling and believable characters is one of the hallmarks of the literary artist. In most cases, we do not only see what characters look like, but also see what they do and hear what they say; we sometime learn what they think, and what other people think or say about them; we often know what kind of clothes they wear, what and how much they own, treasure or covert; we may be told about their childhood, parents or some parts of their past. 4 Based on the explanations above, the writer concludes that character is someone or something in a work of fiction that has some sort of identity. The identity is made up by the appearance, speech, action, thought and behavior. A character in a work of fiction may be realized in a number ways as follows: a. Major and Minor Character Major character is character that has a big part in the story. It is always developed in the story and mostly appears on the next. Meanwhile, minor character is not developed nearly as fully as the major character; it does not have demand or sympathy. Minor characters only complete the story and seldom appear on the next and have small part in the story. b. Protagonist and Antagonist Character 3 Judith A. Stanford, Responding to Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays and Essays 4 th ed New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2003 p. 38 4 Jerome Beaty,et.al, The Norton Introduction to Literature8th Ed New York: W.W. Norton Comp, 2002 p. 104 The chief character or hero of a piece of fiction is usually three-dimensional and is known as the protagonist. His adversary, if any, is known as the antagonist. 5 The protagonist is usually easy enough to identify: he or she is the essential character without whom there would be no plot in the first place. The antagonist can be somewhat more difficult to identify, especially if he is not a human being. 6 In fact, the antagonist character need not be a person; it can be an animal, a superstition, a misconception, fate or any abstraction. c. Flat and Round Character Flat characters are those who embody or represent a single characteristic, trait, or idea, or at most a very limited number of such qualities. Flat characters are also referred to as type characters, a one-dimensional character. Round characters are just the opposite. They embody a number of qualities and traits and are complex multidimensional characters of considerable intellectual and emotional depth who have capacity to grow and change. Flat characters tend to stay the same throughout the story, but round characters often change-learn or become enlightened, grow or deteriorate. 7 From those explanations, it can be said that the main characters in fiction are usually round characters and the auxiliary characters are usually flat. d. Static and Dynamic Character Characters in fiction can also be distinguished on the basis of whether they demonstrate the capacity to develop or change as the result of their experiences. Dynamic characters exhibit this capacity; static characters do not. A character may 5 The Encyclopedia Americana 6 USA: Grolier Incorporated, 1985 p. 290 6 James H. Pickering and Jeffrey D. Hoeper, Concise Companion to Literature New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1981 pp. 24-25 7 X. J. Kennedy, Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama Boston Toronto: Little Brown and Company, 1979 p. 48 also be either static, showing little change or dynamic, that is significantly affected by the events of the narrative. 8 From the statement above, the writer concludes that the static character tends to have no change until the end of the story. On the other hand, the dynamic one must have changed in some aspects like personality or outlook. The changes can be both the small and the large one.

2. Characterization

Characterization is the presentation of the attitudes and behavior of imaginary persons in order to make them credible to the author’s audience. 9 In presenting and establishing character, an author has two basic methods or techniques at his disposal. One method is telling, which relies on exposition and direct commentary by the author. He may directly describe a character’s personality as do omniscient novelists. The other method is the indirect, dramatic method of showing, which involves the author’s stepping aside, as it were, to allow the characters to reveal themselves directly through their dialogue and their actions. So many other choices that the writer of fiction is called on to make, the choice of a method of characterization depends on a number of different circumstances, including the author’s temperament, the particular literary conventions of the period in which he or she is writing, the size and scope of the work, and many other reasons. 10 It means that the method of characterization that the writer chooses is totally their own right with their consideration. 8 The Encyclopedia Americana, op.cit, p. 291 9 Ibid 10 James H. Pickering Jeffrey D. Hoeper, op.cit, p. 28

B. Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis about Personality Structure

The most influential single individual, in terms of influence upon society’s conception of the nature of man, was Sigmund Freud. Freud’s major contributions came during the last decade of the nineteenth century, and certain elaborations upon his earlier ideas were made into the 1920s and the 1930s. 11 Freud is the first to suggest the now widely concept that human mind and personality are like an iceberg, with only a small part visible and the great bulk submerged and concealed. 12 One of Freud’s most influential ideas concerned so central to the study of psychology is his concept of the unconscious mind, composed in part of repressed motives and thought. Dealing with the unconsciousness of mind, Freud brought out the theory of Psychoanalysis. It was a reasonably deterministic approach to explaining personality and behavior of an individual. 13 In this theory, Sigmund Freud saw personality as developing out of conflicts between the three basic structures of personality: id, ego and superego. Each of them serves a different function and develops at a different time. Although each of them has different function, feature, principle, mechanism and dynamism, but they interact one to another. So, it is difficult to separate their influences and their contribution in human behavior. Behaviors or actions of an individual are produced by the interaction of these three systems.

1. Id

11 Walter M. Vernon, Introductory Psychology Chicago: Rand Mcnally College Publishing Company, 1974 p. 403 12 Jerome Kagan, Ernest Havement, Psychology: An Introduction 2 nd edition USA: Harcourt brace Javanovich, Inc, 1968 p. 405 13 Walter M. Vernon, op.cit, p. 403 Id is the most primitive part of the personality, present in the newborn infant, from which the ego and superego later develop. Id consists of the basic biological impulses; the needs to eat, drink, eliminate wastes, avoid pain and gain many pleasures. The id operates on the pleasure principle; it endeavors to avoid pain and obtain pleasure regardless of the external circumstances. 14 The id is the core of consciousness in human’s mind. It includes the instinctual drives, sex and aggression. The id seeks to gratify its desires immediately and to reduce uncomfortable physical tensions. In attempting to satisfy these needs, the id acts without considering external circumstances, whether these needs can or should be satisfied at the moment. To accomplish its aim of avoiding pain and obtaining pleasure, the id has its command two processes. These are reflex actions and the primary process. 15 Reflex actions are inborn and automatic reactions like sneezing and blinking: they usually reduce tension immediately. The organism is equipped with a number of such reflexes for dealing with relatively simple forms of excitation. The primary process involves a somewhat more complicated psychological reaction. It attempts to discharge tension by forming an image of an object that will remove the tension. For example, the primary process provides the hungry person with a mental picture of food. This hallucinatory experience in which the desired object is present in the form of a memory image is called wish-fulfillment. The best example of primary process in normal people is the nocturnal dream, which Freud believed always represents the fulfillment or attempted of a wish. The hallucinations and visions of psychotic patients are also examples of the primary 14 Rita L. Atkinson, et. al, Introduction to Psychology New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publisher, 1981 p. 395 15 Calvin S. Hall, op. cit. p. 36 process. Wishful thinking is highly colored by the action of the primary process. These wish-fulfilling mental images are the only reality that id knows. Obviously, the primary process by itself is not capable of reducing tension. The hungry person cannot eat mental images of food. Consequently, a new or the secondary psychological processes develops. When this occurs, the structure of the second system of the personality, the ego, begins to take form. According to Freud, there are two broad types of drives or instinct in the id. The first type is Eros, the constructive life instinct responsible for survival, self-propagation, and creativity. 16 In Eros are included the need for food, warmth and sex. Freud used the term sex broadly to cover a wide range of life-giving and life-sustaining activities from genital intercourse to artistic creation. The energy of Eros is generated by what Freud called as the libido. The second type of instinct is Thanatos, or the death instinct, is opposed to Eros. 17 This instinctive attraction to death gives rise in each individual to aggressive tendencies directed at the self. However, since self-destruction is opposed by the life-preserving energy of libido, aggression against the self usually is redirected outward against the world, motivating human being to compete, to conquer, and to kill. Aggression can take many forms; angry attacks, verbal insults and even self punishment. However, punishment comes about, some children and some adults develop strong tendencies to injure themselves or others. The extreme forms have been given name sadism for the extreme motives to pain others. In the id, those instincts operate irrationally; impulses 16 Darley, et. al, Psychology 3 rd edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall inc, 1986 p. 491 17 Ibid, p. 492 push for expression and gratification “no matter what”, without considering whether what is desired is realistically possible. 18

2. Ego

The ego represents the individual’s picture of physical and social reality, of what will lead to what and which things are possible in the world as it is actually perceived. 19 It develops soon after birth when the infant realizes that all of she or he wants will not automatically come to her or him, that she or he will have to figure out a way to get what she or he wants. The ego is conscious control system that is formed in the child as someone becomes aware of social demands. A person with the strong ego has ability to plan ahead, to tolerate frustration, to work for delayed gratification, and to adapt with social norms. The ego is the realistic personality process, therefore ego is said to obey the reality principle : the gratification of impulses must be delayed until the appropriate environmental conditions are found. It is essentially the “executive” of the personality, in that it decides what actions are appropriate and which id impulses will be satisfied in what manner. The ego mediates among the demands of the id, the relatives of the external circumstances, and the demand of the superego. External circumstances, however, can not be ignored. A thirsty person can not satisfy his need simply by imaging a glass of water. Consequently, the ego develops out 18 Philip G. Zimbardo and Floyd L. Ruch, Psychology and Life, 9 th edition USA: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1975 p. 414 19 Ibid p. 414 the id as a means of dealing with reality. The ego attempts to control the id, delaying gratification until conditions are appropriate. 20 Freud saw the ego as part of person that must resolve conflict between id and superego. The ego must find the realistic way to satisfy the demands of the id without offending the superego. 21 Ego as a part of personality is responsible for controlling behavior in socially life. The very important aim of ego is to maintain individual’s life proliferation. It conducts and controlled the action, also choose the environment which will be responded, then decides what instinct that will be satisfied and how the way are.

3. Superego

The third system of personality is superego. Superego is the internalized representation of the values and morals of society as taught to the child by the parents and others. 22 It is essentially the individual’s conscience. The superego judge whether an action is right or wrong. The superego develops in response to parental rewards and punishments. It incorporates all the actions for which the child is punished or reprimanded as well as the actions for which the child is rewarded. Through the incorporation of parental standards into superego, behavior is brought under self-control. Children no longer need anyone to tell them it is wrong to steal; their superego tells them. The inferred superego is most nearly synonymous with conscience. It keeps someone working according to an ideal of the self arising in early childhood, an ideal 20 Stanley Berent, Introductory Psychology New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1977 p. 104 21 Floyd L. Ruch, Psychology and Life 7 th Edition USA: Scott Foresman Company, 1995 p. 194 22 Rita L. Atkinson, et. al, Op. Cit p. 396 formed especially as a consequence of parental prohibition. It operates on what called as perfection principle . 23 From the point of view of a dynamic interpretation of personality, the key concept is that the three parts of the personality are often at odds: the ego postpones the gratifications that the id wants right away, and the superego wars with both the id and the ego because they often fall short of the moral value that it represents. The bearing of these concepts on personality theory is that the balance of id, ego and superego processes differs from one individual to another. How one approaches a problematic situation may be a way not only of coping with the environmental problem but perhaps of trying to solve a personal problem at that time. According to the three parts of personality, it is ego that controls most of everyday behavior and it is crucial that it be adequately well developed so as to constitute social and emotional maturity. 24 The task of ego is to reconcile the instinctual urges from id and internalized controls from within superego and the demands of the outside world. A weakly developed ego can contribute major problems of someone’s personality. 23 Ernest R. Hilgard, et. al, Introduction to psychology 5 th edition USA: Harcourt brace Jovanovich, Inc, 1971 p. 409 24 Walter M. Vernon, op. cit, p. 405 CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS A. Data Description In analyzing the personality structure in this film, the writer focuses to analyze the dialogues and actions of the characters which can be used to identify the characteristic of the main character, and to find the work mechanism of the personality structure of the character in the film. The dialogues are identified as the corpus of the research. They are presented in the following tables.

1. The list of the main character No.

Character Corpus Remark 1. Mr. Brooks Man : I could go on and on about what a great guy earl is, how he cuts his toe nails, how he gives freely of his time and money, but let’s get Earl up here to speak for himself. Ladies and gentlemen, I give you a businessman, a philanthropist, a great friend and the Evanston Chamber of Commerce Man of the Year… Mr. Earl Brooks. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 2 Jane : I’m going to have an abortion anyway, so there is nothing to get upset about. I wasn’t even going to tell you guys. Mr. Brook : There will be no abortion. Jane : Daddy, you are not going to tell me what to do. It’s my body and I will do what I want to do with. Mr. Brooks : You’re right. I’m sorry. I said it wrong. I’m not trying to tell you what to do. I’m trying to say that a grandchild would be a Successful businessman Wise and patient wonderful gift for your mother and me. Mr. Brooks 2007, scenes: 34-35 Mr. Brooks : Oh, yeah. How’s the morning sickness? Do you want to ride in with me today? Jane : I feel fine, but I don’t know how long that will last. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 98 Caring person Mr. Smith : So, what do we do now? What’s the plan for evening? Mr. Brooks : We drive around until we see someone we think we might enjoy killing. Mr. Smith : Really? That’s it? I thought you might already have someone in mind. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 46 Detective Atwood : It has never been revealed to the public that the “Thumbprint Killer” retrieves the slugs. […] Detective Atwood : Leaving them like this, he must have been angry at them for some reason. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 16 Enjoy killing Thumbprint killer

B. Analysis 1. Character Analysis

Mr. Earl Brooks is the main character of the film. His appearances mostly appear in every scene of the film. He is also the protagonist character. His big trouble is coming from “Marshall”, the visualization of his id. From his physical appearance, everybody can easily notice that Brooks comes from a high social status in the society. Brooks is a businessman, a leader of a big box factory. Everybody in business world has known his great reputation in business. Man : I could go on and on about what a great guy earl is, how he cuts his toe nails, how he gives freely of his time and money, but let’s get Earl up here to speak for himself. Ladies and gentlemen, I give you a businessman, a philanthropist, a great friend and the Evanston Chamber of Commerce Man of the Year… Mr. Earl Brooks. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 2 What was the man said indicated that Brooks is really a successful businessman because of the award as “Man of the Year” in great business license, Portland Chamber. Brooks seems perfect because of both his success and his philanthropy. His success was also confessed by his daughter, Jane. Jane : You didn’t go to college, Dad, and you’re successful. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 21 […] Jane : No, dad, you’re a very wealthy man, you can afford to keep me. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 24 Mr. Brooks’ success is also depicted by his luxurious Toyota which always accompanied him wherever he goes. Besides a big and successful company, he also has a private ceramics studio and has an awesome home. All that Brooks had is the result of his success in business. As a businessman, Brook has a good instinct in taking the opportunity to expand his business and invest his wealth for the future. When he arrived in a cemetery with Mr. Smith, the photographer, he said that he is the owner of the cemetery. It means that Brooks has more than one business. Mr. Smith : What are you doing with a key to a cemetery? Mr. Brooks : I own it. Mr. Smith : Why do you own a cemetery? Mr. Brooks : You always want to invest in things people can’t do without. Water and cemeteries are pretty safe. Mr. Brooks 2007: scene: 117 Brooks always wants to be seen professional in his work. He is very friendly to his secretary and treat his business partner as kind as possible. There is a scene where Brooks and his business partner checked for his products in the company and talked about it. Mr. Brooks : This is not the top of the line or the bottom, but for the money we’re talking about this is the quality I can provide you. Your packaging is the first impression your customers will have of your product. We’d love to work to you with on the design. It’s fun to challenge our machines. If you check around, you’ll find we’re not the cheapest, but we are the best. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 20 One thing that should be noticed from the dialogue above is that the key to be a successful businessman according to Brooks was the importance of product’s quality. Someone should maintain the product’s quality to be the best instead of to be the cheapest. Brooks has a beautiful wife, Emma. Brooks is a devoted husband. As a successful businessman, Brooks has everything. He has a proportional body shape, good looking, and of course he has a lot of money. For some men, this condition can be useful to make an intimate relationship with other women. In fact, Brooks never think about it. He is depicting as a loyal husband. There is no act where Brooks had an affair with other women. He just admired Detective Atwood because of her bravery and he wants Jane, his daughter to be like Atwood. Mr. Brooks : I like her because she found something that’s hers. It’s not the family business. And she’s good at it. I’d like Jane to find something that’s hers and that she could be good at. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 58 The dialogue above, clearly described that Brooks never think of having an affair with other woman, even with a woman whom he admires. Another way for Brooks to show his love is spending the time together with his wife. One night, after receiving the award as Man of the Year, Brooks asked Emma to enjoy the night. Mr. Brooks : The food tonight was very good, but I wasn’t crazy about the dessert. Would you like to stop somewhere and get something sweet? Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 5 In both, Brooks and Emma are sharing a sundae. They seemed that they are really enjoying the night. Mr. Brooks knew how to make an intimate relationship with his wife. Generally, every woman is happy to get the flattery from men, especially from her husband. As a romantic husband, Brooks knew how to treat his wife as well. When Emma put on her sleep-wear, Brooks steps into the doorway close to Emma. Mr. Brooks : I’m going to stay up a while, maybe go to the studio and play with some glazes. Emma : Okay, I’m going to read. If I’m not awake, wake me when you come back. Brooks comes forward, puts his arms around Emma and hugs her, then easing back, kisses her Mr. Brooks : By the way, I thought you were wonderful tonight. Emma : Thank you. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 6 The dialogue above describes that Brooks always wanted to treat his wife softly. He wants to make Emma feels happy and being respected by him. The Brooks only daughter is Jane. She is a college student and lives far away from their parents. Jane was coming home by bringing a lot of problems. For some parents, those problems can take their emotion out of control. For Brooks, his love is too big for Jane so that the condition did not reduce his love at all. Before going to bed, Brooks enters Jane’s room leans over and kisses his daughter on the cheek. At one moment, Jane goes on to visit Brooks at work and mentions that she was having dropped out of college. Hearing Jane’s condition, Brooks felt a little bit surprised but he tried to calm down and control his emotion. He did not say anything that can hurt Jane, he just listened to Jane’s explanation carefully. Mr. Brooks : What are you doing here, gorgeous? Jane : I’m sorry, Daddy, please don’t be angry with me. Brooks kisses Jane on the forehead and goes to sit at his desk Mr. Brooks : I can guess what you’ve done, but why don’t you tell me and then I’ll decide. Jane : I dropped out of school. Mr. Brooks : Okay. Have you told your mother this? Jane : No, I wanted to speak to you first. Mr. Brooks : You’ll have to tell her, I’m not going to do that for you, and then together the three of us will decide where to go from here. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 21 For some parents, knowing that their children have dropped out of college can make them really angry with them. Brooks did not do that. He gives Jane an opportunity to explain the reason why, and tries to solve the problem by family’s discussion. Jane actually has another bigger problem, she was pregnant. At Brooks house’ in front of her parents, Jane said that she has dropped out of college because of her pregnancy. She decided to have an abortion. Once more, Brooks tried to be calm down and be a wise father. He forbids Jane to have an abortion with a very wise reason. Jane : I’m going to have an abortion anyway, so there is nothing to get upset about. I wasn’t even going to tell you guys. Mr. Brook : There will be no abortion. Jane : Daddy, you are not going to tell me what to do. It’s my body and I will do what I want to do with. Mr. Brooks : You’re right. I’m sorry. I said it wrong. I’m not trying to tell you what to do. I’m trying to say that a grandchild would be a wonderful gift for your mother and me. Emma : Please, honey, don’t have an abortion. Jane : Would you really want to have a grandchild, even though I’m not married? Mr. Brooks : Yes. The child is what’s important. We would love it and cherish it completely and help you raise it. Mr. Brooks 2007, scenes: 34-35 The dialogue above shows that Brooks and Emma are very wise parents. Instead of blaming her daughter, they want Jane to maintain her pregnancy so they can get a grandchild. He was a too wise father and a high sense of morality father who can forgive his daughter’s great mistake and can accept the existence of a grandchild although it comes from a wrong way. Besides wise, Mr. Brooks is also depicted as a caring person. It can be showed from the dialogue below between Mr. Brooks and Jane. Mr. Brooks : Oh, yeah. How’s the morning sickness? Do you want to ride in with me today? Jane : I feel fine, but I don’t know how long that will last. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 98 The dialogue above occurred in the morning when Jane was having breakfast. Mr. Brooks asked about the morning sickness of Jane’s pregnancy. It showed that Mr. Brooks was really caring about his daughter pregnancy, although the pregnancy occurred before marriage. Meanwhile, Mr. Brooks is also having bad behavior. Mr. Brooks is depicted as a man who can control his emotion well, he is also a temperament man. He can not accept the thing that contradict to his own idea and can disturb him. He even says to Mr. Smith, the photographer who captured Mr. Brooks when he conducted the first murder, that he enjoyed killing. Mr. Smith : So, what do we do now? What’s the plan for evening? Mr. Brooks : We drive around until we see someone we think we might enjoy killing. Mr. Smith : Really? That’s it? I thought you might already have someone in mind. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 46 Mr. Brooks is easily to decide of killing someone. It really contradicts with his other characteristic as a person with a high tendency of loving each other. By the detectives, Mr. Brooks was known as a “Thumbprint Killer” for the evidence in the murders location. After doing a murder, Mr. Brooks leaves each of the victim’s bloody thumbprints on the lampshade. He makes fastidious preparation and cleaning up the crime scene before departing. That was the reason why the detectives can not reveal their murder cases. Detective Atwood : It has never been revealed to the public that the “Thumbprint Killer” retrieves the slugs. […] Detective Atwood : Leaving them like this, he must have been angry at them for some reason. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 16 Mr. Brooks is also depicted as a cruel person. He killed all of his victims with a sadistic way. The first and the second victims were killed by the shut gun. And the most sadists’ way is when Mr. Brooks killed Mr. Smith. Without warning, Mr. Brooks swings the shovel. The force of the blow breaks Smith’s left arm. He howls but Brooks did not care about it. The next blow comes almost immediately. It smashes into the left side of Smith’s head. Brooks takes a step to the side, cocks his wrists and swings again. The flesh that was once Smith falls to the ground. The blade of the shovel strikes Mr. Smith in the throat very nearly taking off his head. From his way of killing his victims, Mr. Brooks can be identified as a cruel and mean person.

2. Mr. Brooks’ Structure of Personality

Mr. Brooks is identified as the major character because of his highest intensity of involvement in each event that happened in the film. In the age of 40’s years old, Mr. Brooks seems that he has a perfect life. He has a harmonious family with a beloved wife and the only daughter Jane. He also has a big box factory and becoming a successful businessman, but nobody knows, even his own family, that Mr. Brooks actually has a serious problem in his personality. According to Sigmund Freud, human personality consists of three main structures. They are id, ego and superego. These structures have their own functions which relate each other, and their function has a great role in producing human behavior. In this part of analysis, the writer would like to analyze the work mechanism of those three structures in Mr. Brooks’ personality. In the film, there are some events of Mr. Brooks’ life which depicts how is the work mechanism of the three main structures of personality of Mr. Brooks and how they are interacted each other in producing Mr. Brooks’ behavior. Those work mechanism will be discussed in the following explanation. One night, after Mr. Brooks receiving the award as “Man of the Year”, he and his wife, Emma were having a chat in their car. Among the chat, a man leans out from behind Mr. Brooks’ head in the back seat. He is “Marshall”, the visualization of Mr. Brooks’ id. Emma can neither see nor hear “Marshall”, because he exists only in Mr. Brooks’ mind. At the very beginning of the film, there was a sentence written “The hunger has returned to Mr. Brooks’ brain, it never really left”. The sentence explained that actually Mr. Brooks has becoming a killer since a long time ago, and at that night, when “Marshall” appeared in his brain, his killer instinct returned. In “Marshall” first appearance in the film, it is clearly depicted that Mr. Brooks is inconvenient with his existence. It can be seen from Mr. Brooks’ face which looked panic. At that time, his id, “Marshall”, talked to him. “Marshall” : Come on Earl, give yourself a break, you know you want to do this. Mr. Brooks : No. “Marshall” : You’re the fucking ‘man of the year’, you deserve it. It’s not like it’s not set up. You already know how to by-pass the alarm, you know how to pick the locks. Tonight’s the perfect night. Mr. Brooks : over his shoulder No, Marshall, I said ‘no’ “Marshall” : I heard you, Earl, but you don’t mean ‘no’. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 4 According to the dialogue above, “Marshall” as the visualization of Mr. Brooks’ id, encouraged Mr. Brooks to do murder. “Marshall” tried to remind Mr. Brooks that he was a professional killer which has known the step how to kill, and killing can give a self break to Mr. Brooks. The id, works based on the pleasure principle. In Mr. Brooks’ personality, killing has become something fun and can give pleasure for him. Therefore, his id encouraged him to do murder. At that time, Mr. Brooks answered ‘No’ to the force of his id. The superego in his personality, which can judge whether an action is right or wrong, produced the word ‘no’ as the way to reject the id’s negative encouragement. Several times Mr. Brooks were fighting so hard to his id encouragement to do murder, but his id were also still working to encourage Mr. Brooks. “Marshall” : from the back seat They have their dance class tonight. What if we go by and just look at them. There’s no harm in just having a look. Mr. Brooks : No means ‘no’, Marshall. “Marshall” : Please… pretty please. Mr. Brooks : to Emma the food tonight was very good, but I wasn’t crazy about the dessert. Would you like to stop somewhere and get something sweet? Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 5 “Marshall” the id, tried to flatter Mr. Brooks to just have a look at the dance class and found someone who might be interest to be killed. When his id still force him, he turn his attention to his wife and made a conversation with her then finally they came back home. In this ‘conflict’ between his id which encouraged him to do murder and his superego which refused it, the ego, the executive of the personality decided not to do the murder and let the id lost of his mind. At the same night, when Mr. Brooks arrived at his home, “Marshall” returned to Mr. Brooks mind. “Marshall” still encouraged Mr. Brooks to do murder. “Marshall” : I bet your dick’s getting hard, isn’t it, just imagining what they would like dead?. Mr. Brooks : I don’t want to start again, you promised Earl, you promised. Please, please, don’t do this, don’t do this, please. “Marshall” : why do you fight it so hard earl? Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 6 The superego is dealing with the morality values in society. Based on the dialogue above, the superego of Mr. Brooks was actually occurring so hard in his mind. Mr. Brooks thought that he did not want to kill anymore because he realized that killing is something wrong. In this time, it is clearly described that there was a conflict between the id and the superego. The id wanted to do murder to fulfill the hunger for it and to get pleasure. At the other side, the superego fought against that encouragement. It tries to defend its function as the control system of the mind. The superego considered that killing is something wrong and Mr. Brooks did not need to do that again. In this second conflict between the id and the superego, the ego, which deals with the reality world, have to choose which one should be done in resulting the behavior. Mr. Brooks finally killed the dance couple. It describes about the ego, which conducted the id encouragement. It occurred because the existence of the id was so strong in Mr. Brooks mind so that the superego can not repress it. Then it made the ego followed the id encouragement that is killing. After killing the dance couple, Mr. Brooks came back to his ceramic studio. He was kneeling naked in front of the kiln where his murder clothes are being reduced to ash. Mr. Brooks : Oh, God, forgive me. Please forgive me… Please forgive me… Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 11 That was the representation of Mr. Brooks’ guilty feeling. The guilty feeling is produced by the superego in his mind because the ego has conducted something wrong. At this scene, there was an appearance of “Marshall” as the visualization of Mr. Brooks’ id, but he was showed just standing behind Mr. Brooks neither doing nor saying something to Mr. Brooks. It showed that, the contrary function between the id and the superego. Mr. Brooks is actually a kind person who really care either to his family or other person. He even received an award for his successful business and his kindness who is described that he is able to cut his toe nails and gives freely of his time and money to other people. All of his bad habit that is killing is actually the representation of his id, the unconsciousness of mind. In reality, he knows that he is a businessman, a husband to his wife and a father to his daughter. Therefore, he always feels guilty of all of his bad habit. One night he confessed to his family that he has a serious illness by a piece of letter. Mr. Brooks’ letter to his family: Dear Emma and Jane, my loves. I have a terminal illness and instead of subjecting you to my deterioration, I have decided to disappear. Don’t try to find me, I don’t want to be found. Please believe that the time I spent with you brought me the greatest joy of my life. As an educated person, Mr. Brooks did not decide to do a stupid thing like suicide as an instant way to cure his illness. He decided to disappear and leave his family because he did not want to involve them in his problem, but it does not work when “Marshall” takes over his mind. “Marshall” always succeeded in forcing Mr. Brooks to do murder. One night, Mr. Brooks asked Mr. Smith, the photographer who captured Mr. Brooks when he killed a dance couple, to kill him because he wants to disappear from his family and his bad life. In the middle of the road, “Marshall” appeared and have a chat with Mr. Brooks. “Marshall” : How do you feel? Mr. Brooks : Dirty. “Marshall” : That’s understandable. The feeling will go away. Mr. Brooks : I don’t think so. It’s the whole thing, Marshall. If I could find a way to just disappear, where there was absolutely no trace of me; because eventually I will get caught doing this. And it’ll be very embarrassing for me and Emma and Jane. So I’ve been thinking…is there a way that Mr. Smith could kill me and make me disappear. “Marshall” : Number one, Mr. Smith is not smart enough to do that. Number two, there is no reason, if you’re careful, and to believe you will ever get caught. Mr. Brooks : I know I will have to plan it for Mr. Smith, but I think that’s what I want to do. “Marshall” : I’m not particularly fond of that plan, Earl. Remember if you die, I go with you and I like being alive. I like eating, I like fucking, I like killing. Mr. Brooks : I have to end it, Marshall. One way or the other. And I think this is the best way. “Marshall” : Well, fuck you then. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 94 The dialogue above showed how the id and the superego in Mr. Brooks mind were in conflict. The id wants to keep alive, but the superego wants to end life as the way to end all of the bad habit. It indicated that actually, in the unconsciousness Mr. Brooks is actually still want to do murder because he enjoy it, and the feeling is represented by “Marshall” his id. Between the conflict, the ego must find the realistic way to satisfy the demands of the id without offending the superego. And finally Mr. Brooks killed Mr. Smith. Mr. Brooks : I really did want you to kill me. But in case at the last minute I changed my mind, I returned to your apartment and bent the firing pin on your gun. In fact I even brought another gun for you so you could finish me if I have decided to go through with it. […] Mr. Brooks : Unfortunately for you, my daughter is pregnant and just before you pulled the trigger, I realized how much I want to see the end of that story. Mr. Smith : If you do anything to me, if you touch one hair on my head, the Police will find the pictures of you killing that couple. Mr. Brooks : The contents of your safety deposit box Mr. Smith, have vanished. Mr. Brooks 2007, scenes: 121-122 Mr. Brooks killed Mr. Smith in a very sadistic way. Without warning, he swings the shovel. The force of the blow breaks Mr. Smith’s left arm. The blades of the shovel strike Mr. Smith in the throat very nearly taking off his head. According to this event, again, Mr. Brooks’ ego satisfied the id’s demand that is killing and killing. The id still becomes the winner among the conflict with the superego. The last scene of the film depicted Mr. Brooks who had a bad dream at night. In his dream, Mr. Brooks was killed by his own daughter Jane. The bad dream was the representation of his fearfulness that Jane will become a killer like him. It can be identified from his own words at a moment Jane was accused that she did murder in her college. Mr. Brooks puts his hands over his eyes and sobs, then wiping away the tears. He talks to himself Mr. Brooks : I’ve been afraid of this since the day she was born. She has what I have. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 78 Further, Mr. Brooks’ bad dream can also be indicated that actually, deep in his heart and his own thinking, Mr. Brooks wanted to end his life because he has tired of his bad habit. When he awakened from his bad dream, he talked to himself: Mr. Brooks : God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change and wisdom to know the difference. Living one day at a time, enjoying one moment at a time, accepting hardship as a pathway to peace, taking as He did, this sinful world as it is, not as I would have it. Trusting that He will make all things right if I surrender to His will. That I may be reasonably happy in this life, and supremely happy with Him forever in the next. Amen. Mr. Brooks 2007, scene: 128 In fact, Mr. Brooks is always in conflict between his id and superego. His id, which only refers to the pleasure principle, forced him to conduct murders. Meanwhile, the superego, made him feels guilty of all of his bad habit. Based on the explanation about the work mechanism of Mr. Brooks’ structure of personality above, it can be concluded that the id has a dominant place in Mr. Brooks’ personality structure and becoming the winner between the conflicts with the superego. It can be identified from his bad habit that is killing. Although he knows and realizes that killing is wrong and can embarrass his family, he still can not stop it because of his strong id which always encourages him to kill. CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

In this research, the writer has analyzed the main character of the film and its traits. There is one major character in Mr. Brooks’ film, he is Mr. Earl Brooks who is called as Mr. Brooks. Mr. Brooks is identified as the major character because he is the most dominant character that involves in the film. Mr. Brooks’ life seems perfect with his successful business and harmonious family. No body knows that he has a big problem with his personality, even his own family. Dealing with the personality problem of the main character, Sigmund Freud’s structure of personality is the most appropriate theory that should be applied on the research. Freud proposed an integrated model of how the mind is organized, which consists of three major elements of personality that vary across the level of consciousness. At the most basic level, and completely submerged in the unconscious is the id, which operates according to the pleasure principle. Acting as a brake of the id, is the superego, which is the internalization of societal and morality values of conduct. Mediating between superego and the id is the ego, which tries to satisfy the wishes of the id while being responsive to the dictates of the superego. The ego operates according to the reality principle. Mr. Brooks as a successful businessman can not repress his desire in killing. According to Freud’s theory, the desire of killing of Mr. Brooks is called as the id. In this film, the representation of Mr. Brooks’ id is being visualized as “Marshall”. It was “Marshall” who always encouraged Mr. Brooks to do murder. Although he realized that killing is something wrong to be conducted, but he still did it. There are some events of Mr. Brooks’ life on the film which describing how the three major elements of personality is working. The id and the superego is always in conflict whenever the desire of killing arose in Mr. Brooks mind. Dominantly, the id was becoming the “winner” among the conflict. Therefore, Mr. Brooks did murder several times although he knew that it was wrong. It can be said that Mr. Brooks has a strong id, therefore the ego was always trying to satisfy its demand. The id is the most dominant element of Mr. Brooks’ structure of personality that is worked in Mr. Brooks mind which resulting his bad behavior, that is killing.

B. Suggestion