8
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, the researcher discusses some theories related to the research problem. This chapter is divided into two parts; they are theoretical
description and theoretical framework. The first part talks about theories which relates to this research. The second part talks about the limitation which will be
used in discussing the findings.
A. Theoretical Description
1. Curriculum Definition
Curriculum is one of the tools which guide teachers to teach their students. Therefore, the government arranges curriculum to help teachers in designing the
materials for their students. According to Neagley and Evan 1967, “Curriculum is all of the planned experiences provided by the school to assist the students in
attaining the designated learning outcomes to the beat of their abilities.” It means that teachers should be able to design material from the curriculum they have;
curriculum which has been arranged by government to be done. Inlow 1966 stated that “Curriculum is the planned composite effort of
any school to guide students learning toward predetermined learning outcomes.” Curriculum is arranged by the government to help teachers in conducting the
learning process. Curriculum is developed based on students’ need and condition. Then, it will be applied in every school where the curriculum is developed.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
9 Other expert stated that a curriculum is a plan and a rule of objectives,
basic competence, standard material, and learning outcome, and the way which is used as a guideline of learning activities to achieve basic competence and learning
objective Mulyasa, 2006:48. Hamalik 2006 also stated that a curriculum is a written plan on competence based on national standard, learning material to
achieve the competence, and evaluation to measure students’ competence based on the education level.
According to Nunan 1996, curriculum is a collaboration effort between teachers and learners, since learners are involved in the decision-making process
regarding the content of the curriculum and how it is taught. The teachers and students have to have a good relation to make the learning process goes well, for
example students involve in the class discussion than teachers became the central actor central source in the class. The implementation of curriculum can be done
appropriately if there is a good cooperation among teachers as a developer of curriculum and students as the subjects who are taught by teachers. In this case,
the learning process is more valuable than students’ result.
2. Curriculum in Indonesia
Kategori