The researcher uses communicative drill in this research. Communicative drill will be implemented consistently during the research. Different with other
kinds of drill, communicative drill is the only drill technique which has purpose for communication. in speaking, the students need to have intelligible
pronunciation in their speech. Henceforth, the communicative drill method is implemented to improve students’ pronunciation intelligibility in their speaking.
4. Classroom Action Research CAR
The researcher uses Classroom Action Research method to improve students’ pronunciation intelligibility in speaking. According to Mcniff and
Whitehead 2002: 15, action research is a particular way of researching his or her own learning. Action research involves learning through action and reflection. In
action research, people who do the research are called the practitioners. The practitioner can conduct action research in many fields, such as social field,
science, education, organization, and management. Action research is usually to do with learning, and learning usually to do with education. That is why action
research usually regarded as education research. Action research helps the researcher or the practitioner to define the problems in the field and later he or she
is able to find the evidence to support the claims, improve it and produce action that can improving the practice. In this research the researcher defines the
problem of students’ pronunciation intelligibility, finds the evidence of the problem, improves students’ pronunciation and finally shows the evidence that the
practices have been improved.
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Figure 2.1 McNiff and Whitehead’s Action Research Cycle Mcniff and Whitehead, 2002: 40
Krathwohl 1998: 600 defines action research as research done by the practitioner to improve practice. In the action research, the practitioner evaluates
the practice, gives conclusions and improves the practice. Action research was done by practitioner and during the research practitioner has the power to control
the research. Action research is a process of inquiry conducted by the practitioner and
for those who takes the action Sagor, 2000: 1. The primary reason in action research is improving the practitioner actions. According to Sagor, there are four
stages in the action research. 1 clarifying vision and targets. In this stage, the practitioner defines the goal of the research, clarifies each attributes that can help
to success the goal, and specifies the criteria that can be used with validity and reliability to improve the document. 2 articulating theory. The practitioner plans
the process that involves examining and incorporating all the relevant factors or variables in realizing the goal. 3 implementing action and collecting data. In this
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stage, the practitioner carries on the basic theory for the action research while compiling the data. This is the stage where practitioner determines what is being
accomplished, and the relationship between the action and the result being obtained. 4 reflecting on the data and planning informed action. This is the final
stage of the first lap around the action research cycle. In this stage the practitioner returns and revisits the target or goal in the first stage, and does the stage 2 and
stage 3 for the second action research cycle until the goal is achieved.
Figure 2.2 Sagor’s Action Research Cycle Sagor, 2000: 7
B. Theoretical Framework
