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f. Reactions The author can describe the character’s personality through his reaction
on different situations and moments, so that the readers may know the quality of the character in dealing with the situations and moments encountered by the
character. h. Thought
The author lets the readers know the character’s personality by stating explicitly what is in the character’s mind. The readers are led to the mental
process of the character that conveys ideas. i. Mannerism
The author describes the character’s behavior and also his habits both the positive and the negatives ones. From his habits and behavior the readers can
know the reflection of his personality.
2. Theory of Human Motivation
According to Beck 2003:15, motivation is broadly concerned with the contemporary determinants of choice direction, persistence, and vigor of goal
directed behavior. According to Jung 1958:4, a simple but accurate definition of motivation is not easy. It must be able to include terms that refer to such diverse
states as desire, wishes, plans, goals, intents, impulses and purposes. Relationship between people is related with motivation because there is always a reason behind
somebody’s action and the relationship itself may influence the motivation in triggering an action.
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Maslow 1943:368-374 also states that most human behavior can be explained by the individual’s tendency to seek personal goal states that create life
rewarding and meaningful. Human motivation can be classified in a level of needs:
a. Psychological need It is the basic, powerful and obvious of all human needs. It deals with
the biological maintenance of organism such as food, water, oxygen, activity sleep, sex, protection from extreme temperature and sensory stimulation.
b. Safety It deals with the need of protection, security, stability, freedom from
fear and anxiety. c. Love and Belongingness
It is important because everyone needs somebody else existence. The relationship with others is needed to fulfill this need.
d. Self-esteem and esteem It deals with self respect self value and esteem of others other
value. Self-esteem includes self-confidence, competency, control, sufficiency, achievement, independence and freedom. On the other hand, esteem needs are
the need to achieve, be competent and gain approval and recognition. e. Self-actualization needs
It is the highest level because in this need, an individual explores his or her talent, capacity and full potential. According to those aspects, to self
actualize is “to become the kind of person who wants to become - to reach the
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peak of one’s potential.” It means that everyone must achieve what they can do. These actualization approaches stress the positive nature of behavior and
argue for understanding motivation from the point of view that one strive to control or affect an environment.
3. Theory of Psychology
