TEMPAT WISATA OLAHRAGA REKREASI DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG

  

Periode LXXII, Semester Gasal , Tahun 2017/2018

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

TEMPAT WISATA OLAHRAGA REKREASI

DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG

  

Tema Desain

  Arsitektur Ekologis

  

Fokus Kajian

  Penataan Ruang Dalam dan Ruang Luar yang Saling Berhubungan

  

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh:

  Distya Pradita NIM :13.11.0015

  

Dosen pembimbing :

  Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT NIDN : 0625116302

  

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

Desember 2017

PRAKATA

  Puji syukur kepada Tuhan yang Maha Esa, karena berkat kasih karunia dan penyertaan-Nya sehingga Tahap Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) Projek Akhir Arsitektur 72 ini dapat diselesaikan dengan baik. LTP dengan judul Tempat Wisata Olahraga Rekreasi di Kota Semarang ini merupakan langkah awal untuk melengkapi persyaratan dalam Projek Akhir Arsitektur 72, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.

  Landasan Teori dan Program ini dapat tersusun dengan baik berkat dukungan, saran, dan bantuan dari beberapa pihak terkait. Oleh karena itu, penulis hendak berterima kasih kepada :

  1. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT. selaku pembimbing dan dosen koordinator Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 72.

  2. Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA., Ph.D selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.

  3. MD. Nestri Kiswari, St. MSC, selaku Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.

  4. Jajaran dosen dan staff terkait.

  5. Kedua orang tua, adik, Sandy, dan teman

• – teman yang telah membantu secara langsung dan tidak langsung.

Penulis berharap agar melalui penyusunan LTP Projek Akhir Arsitektur ini, dapat memberikan gambaran awal mengenai Projek Akhir Arsitektur 72 dengan judul Tempat Wisata Olahraga Rekreasi di Kabupaten Semarang. Akhir kata, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih.

  Semarang, 20 Desember 2017 Penulis, Distya Pradita NIM : 13.11. 0015

DAFTAR ISI

  HALAMAN JUDUL .......................................................................................... i PRAKATA ....................................................................................................... ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. iv HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. v SURAT PERNYATAAN .................................................................................. vi DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xi DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. xv DAFTAR DIAGRAM ........................................................................................ xvii

  BAB I : PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1

  1.1 Latar Belakang Projek ........................................................................ 1

  1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ..................................................... 3

  1.2.1 Tujuan ....................................................................................... 3

  1.2.2 Sasaran .................................................................................... 4

  1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ......................................................................... 4

  1.4 Metode Pembahasan ......................................................................... 5

  1.4.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data ...................................................... 5

  1.4.2 Metode Penyusunan dan Analisa ............................................. 6

  1.4.3 Metode Pemrograman .............................................................. 7

  1.4.4 Metode Perancangan Arsitektur ............................................... 8

  1.5 Kerangka Pikir .................................................................................... 10

  1.6 Sistematika Pembahasan ................................................................... 11

  BAB II : TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..................................................................... 12

  2.1 Tinjauan Umum .................................................................................. 12

  2.1.1 Gambaran Umum .................................................................... 12

  2.1.2 Latar Belakang – Perkembangan - Trend ................................. 16

  2.1.3 Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai ..................................................... 17

  2.2 Tinjauan Khusus ............................................................................... 18

  2.2.1 Terminologi ............................................................................... 18

  2.2.2 Kegiatan (Pelaku, Fasilitas, dan Sarana Prasarana ................. 19

  2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ......................................... 36

  2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Kota ............................................................. 38

  2.2.5 Studi Banding / Komparasi Kasus Projek Sejenis ..................... 44

  2.3 Permasalahan Desain ........................................................................ 51

  2.4 Kesimpulan, Batasan, Anggapan ....................................................... 52

  2.4.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 52

  2.4.2 Batasan ..................................................................................... 53

  2.4.3 Anggapan ................................................................................. 53

  BAB III : ANALISA PROGRAM PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR ..................... 55

  3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ........................................................... 55

  3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas ........................................................................... 55

  3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas ........................................................................... 65

  3.1.3 Studi Ruang Khusus ................................................................. 68

  3.1.4 Studi Kebutuhan Luas Bangunan dan Lahan ........................... 77

  3.1.5 Studi Citra Arsitektural .............................................................. 113

  3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan .............................................. 114

  3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ........................................ 114

  3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .................................................................. 144

  3.2.3 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ................................................... 157

  3.3 Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan .......................................... 158

  3.3.1 Analisis Pemilihan Lokasi ......................................................... 158

  3.3.2 Analisis Pemilihan Tapak ......................................................... 167

  BAB IV : PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .............................................................. 175

  4.1 Konsep Program ................................................................................ 175

  4.1.1 Aspek Citra Ekologis ................................................................. 175

  4.1.2 Performance Arsitektural .......................................................... 175

  4.1.3 Aspek Fungsi ............................................................................ 176

  4.1.4 Aspek Teknologi ....................................................................... 176

  4.2 Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .................................................................. 176

  4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan................................................................. 176

  4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ................................................... 177

  4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ............................................. 179

  4.3 Program Arsitektur Wisata Olahraga Rekreasi ................................... 180

  4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ..................................................................... 180

  4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur ........................................................... 189

  4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas ............................................................ 190

  4.4 Program Lokasi dan Tapak ................................................................ 193

  BAB V : KAJIAN TEORI ................................................................................ 200

  5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan / Tema Desain ............................................. 200

  5.1.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi ............................................. 200

  5.1.2 Studi Preseden ......................................................................... 207

  5.1.3 Memungkinkan Penerapan Teori Tema Desain ....................... 209

  5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ................................................. 210

  5.2.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi ............................................. 210

  5.2.2 Studi Preseden ......................................................................... 216

  5.2.3 Memungkinkan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan....... 218 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 219

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Kegiatan Penerimaan ................................................................. 25Gambar 2.2. Kegiatan Utama ......................................................................... 26Gambar 2.3. Kegiatan Pendukung .................................................................. 27Gambar 2.4. Kegiatan Penunjang ................................................................... 28Gambar 2.5. Kegiatan Pengelolaan ................................................................ 28Gambar 2.6. Kegiatan Servis .......................................................................... 29Gambar 2.7. Peta Kabupaten Semarang ........................................................ 38Gambar 2.8. Peta Wilayan Kabupaten Semarang .......................................... 39Gambar 2.9. Kampoeng Kopi Banaran ........................................................... 44Gambar 2.10. Griya Robusta (Convention Hall).............................................. 46Gambar 2.11. Griya Robusta (Convention Hall).............................................. 47Gambar 2.12. Outdoor Event Space 1 ............................................................ 47Gambar 2.13. Outdoor Event Space 2 ............................................................ 47Gambar 2.14. Kids Outbond ........................................................................... 48Gambar 2.15. Taman Bermain Anak .............................................................. 48Gambar 2.16. Top Selfie ................................................................................. 48Gambar 2.17. Gazebo .................................................................................... 49Gambar 2.18. Makanan dan Minuman di Banaran Coffee .............................. 49Gambar 2.19. ATV Riding ............................................................................... 49Gambar 2.20. Kolam Renang ......................................................................... 50Gambar 2.21. Kereta Wisata .......................................................................... 50Gambar 2.22. Tempat Menunggu Kereta Wisata ............................................ 51Gambar 2.23. Resort Hotel ............................................................................. 51

  

2

Gambar 3.1. Ruang Fitnes Luas 200 m ......................................................... 70

Gambar 3.2. Meja Tenis Meja ......................................................................... 74Gambar 3.3. Ruang Tenis Meja ...................................................................... 74Gambar 3.4. Area Billiard ................................................................................ 75Gambar 3.5. Ukuran Meja Billiard ................................................................... 75Gambar 3.6. Ruang Billiard ............................................................................. 76Gambar 3.7. Sun-shading Kayu Pada Bangunan ........................................... 114Gambar 3.8. Rooftop Garden ......................................................................... 114Gambar 3.9. Pondasi Batu Belah .................................................................... 116Gambar 3.10. Pondasi Batu Belah 1 ............................................................... 117Gambar 3.11. Pondasi Batu Belah 2 ............................................................... 118Gambar 3.12. Denah Pondasi Batu Belah ...................................................... 118Gambar 3.13. Pondasi Foot Plat ..................................................................... 119Gambar 3.14. Potongan Pondasi Foot Plat .................................................... 110Gambar 3.15. Pondasi Tiang Pancang ........................................................... 121Gambar 3.16. Detail Pondasi Tiang Pancang ................................................. 121Gambar 3.17. Struktur Rangka ....................................................................... 123Gambar 3.18. Struktur Rangka Membentuk Grid ............................................ 124Gambar 3.19. Tulangan Struktur Plat Lantai ................................................... 124Gambar 3.20. Struktur Plat Lantai ................................................................... 125Gambar 3.21. Roof Garden ............................................................................ 127Gambar 3.22. Lapisan Roof Garden ............................................................... 129Gambar 3.23. Green Roof Bandara Blimbingsari ............................................ 130Gambar 3.24. Pasangan Dinding ½ Bata ....................................................... 133Gambar 3.25. Wallpaper Playground .............................................................. 133Gambar 3.26. Penggunaan Cladding Kayu .................................................... 134Gambar 3.27. Dinding Penahan Tanah .......................................................... 135Gambar 3.28. Tampak Samping Dinding Penahan Tanah ............................. 135Gambar 3.29. Lantai Vinyl .............................................................................. 136Gambar 3.30. Pengaplikasian Lantai Vinyl ..................................................... 137Gambar 3.31. Karpet Lapangan Bulu Tangkis ................................................ 137Gambar 3.32. Karpet Lapangan Tenis Meja ................................................... 138Gambar 3.33. Lantai Rubber .......................................................................... 138Gambar 3.34. Pengaplikasian Lantai Rubber ................................................. 139Gambar 3.35. Lantai Interlocking .................................................................... 139Gambar 3.36. Pengaplikasian Lantai Interlocking pada Lapangan ................. 141Gambar 3.37. Pengaplikasian Lantai Interlocking pada Playground ............... 141Gambar 3.38. Keramik Motif ........................................................................... 142Gambar 3.39. Pengaplikasian Karpet (Carpet Tile) ........................................ 143Gambar 3.40. Plafond GRC Board ................................................................. 144Gambar 3.41. Lampu Sorot ............................................................................ 147Gambar 3.42. Lampu LED Underwater ........................................................... 148Gambar 3.43. Hidden Lamp ............................................................................ 148Gambar 3.44. General Lighting ....................................................................... 149Gambar 3.45. Decorative Lamp ...................................................................... 149Gambar 3.46. Hydrant Pillar & Hydrant Box ................................................... 153Gambar 3.47. Smoke Detector ....................................................................... 154Gambar 3.48. Heat Detector ........................................................................... 154Gambar 3.49. Gas Detector ............................................................................ 155Gambar 3.50. Tanda Pemadam Kebakaran dan Tabung APAR..................... 156Gambar 3.51. Penyaluran Air Sprinkler .......................................................... 157Gambar 3.52. Peta Wilayah Kabupaten Semarang ........................................ 159Gambar 3.53. Peta Wilayah Kabupaten Semarang ........................................ 160Gambar 3.54. Peta Wilayah Kecamatan Bawen ............................................. 163Gambar 3.55. Lokasi Alternatif Tapak 1 .......................................................... 168Gambar 3.56. Lokasi Alternatif Tapak 2 .......................................................... 169Gambar 3.57. Tapak Alternatif 1 ..................................................................... 170Gambar 3.58. Tapak Alternatif 2 ..................................................................... 172Gambar 3.59. Tapak Terpilih .......................................................................... 174Gambar 4.1. Lokasi Tapak Terpilih ................................................................. 193Gambar 5.1. Kebutuhan Energi Beberapa Fungsi Bangunan ......................... 203Gambar 5.2. Primary School & Sport Hall 1 .................................................... 208Gambar 5.3. Primary School & Sport Hall 2 .................................................... 208Gambar 5.4. Dinding Blok Beton Prefabrikasi ................................................. 209Gambar 5.5. Pencahayaan Alami ................................................................... 209Gambar 5.6. Ruang Hidup & Ruang Mati ....................................................... 213Gambar 5.7. Solusi Ruang Mati ...................................................................... 213Gambar 5.8. Ruang Terbuka .......................................................................... 214Gambar 5.9. Ruang Positif & Ruang Negatif .................................................. 216Gambar 5.10. Flavours Orchard ..................................................................... 216Gambar 5.11. Interior Flavours Orchard ......................................................... 217Gambar 5.12. Flavours Orchard’s Roof Garden ............................................. 217

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Jenis Olahraga Berdasarkan Usia ................................................. 20Tabel 2.2. Pemilihan Jenis Olahraga Rekreasi ............................................... 23Tabel 2.3. Sarana dan Prasarana ................................................................... 34Tabel 2.4. Luas Wilayah Kabupaten Semarang .............................................. 40Tabel 3.1. Pengelompokan Kegiatan .............................................................. 55Tabel 3.2. Penggolongan Pengunjung ............................................................ 58Tabel 3.3. Statistik Wisatawan di Kabupaten Semarang ................................ 59Tabel 3.4. Penggolongan Pengelola ............................................................... 61Tabel 3.5. Penggolongan Ruang .................................................................... 65Tabel 3.6. Daftar Peralatan Fitnes .................................................................. 71Tabel 3.7. Studi Besaran Ruang ..................................................................... 77Tabel 3.8. Luasan Ruang ................................................................................ 106Tabel 3.9. Luas Total Bangunan ..................................................................... 109Tabel 3.10. Presentase Sirkulasi .................................................................... 110Tabel 3.11. Jumlah Parkir Pengunjung ........................................................... 111Tabel 3.12. Jumlah Parkir Pengelola .............................................................. 112Tabel 3.13. Perda Kabupaten Semarang ........................................................ 112Tabel 3.14. Struktur Bagian Bawah ................................................................ 120Tabel 3.15. Struktur Bagian Tengah ............................................................... 125Tabel 3.16. Struktur Bagian Atas .................................................................... 131Tabel 3.17. Kriteria Penilaian Lokasi ............................................................... 162Tabel 3.18. Studi Kekuatan Buatan ................................................................ 162Tabel 3.19. Potensi-Kendala Kelurahan Bawen.............................................. 166Tabel 3.20. Kriteria Penilaian Lokasi Tapak .................................................... 173Tabel 4.1. Program Ruang Pengunjung .......................................................... 180Tabel 4.2. Program Ruang Pengelola ............................................................. 181Tabel 4.3. Program Ruang VIP (Tamu) .......................................................... 182Tabel 4.4. Program Besaran Ruang ............................................................... 183Tabel 4.5. Presentasi Sirkulasi........................................................................ 186Tabel 4.6. Jumlah Parkir Pengunjung ............................................................. 186Tabel 4.7. Jumlah Parkir Pengelola ................................................................ 187Tabel 4.8. Total Kebutuhan Luas Tapak ......................................................... 187Tabel 4.9. Perda Kabupaten Semarang .......................................................... 187Tabel 4.10. Program Ruang Terbuka Hijau .................................................... 194Tabel 5.1. Patokan Perencanaan Bangunan Ekologis .................................... 206

DAFTAR DIAGRAM

  Diagram 1.1. Kerangka Pikir ........................................................................... 10 Diagram 2.1. Kategori Pelaku ......................................................................... 29 Diagram 2.2. Kategorisasi Pengunjung Umum ............................................... 30 Diagram 2.3. Struktur Organisasi .................................................................... 31 Diagram 2.4. Struktur Organisasi Kempoeng Kopi Banaran ........................... 46 Diagram 3.1. Pola Kegiatan Pengelola ........................................................... 62 Diagram 3.2. Pola Kegiatan Pengunjung ........................................................ 63 Diagram 3.3. Pola Kegiatan VIP (Tamu) ......................................................... 63 Diagram 3.4. Pola Kegiatan Penunjang .......................................................... 64 Diagram 3.5. Pola Kegiatan Servis ................................................................. 64 Diagram 3.6. Pola Fasilitas Makro .................................................................. 68 Diagram 3.7. Jaringan Listrik .......................................................................... 144 Diagram 3.8. Jaringan Air Bersih dari PDAM .................................................. 145 Diagram 3.9. Jaringan Air Bersih dari Air Hujan ............................................. 145 Diagram 4.1. Pola Ruang Makro ..................................................................... 189