DAFTAR PUSTAKA Uji Efek Analgesik Ekstrak Etanol 70% Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb) Pada Mencit (Mus Musculus) Jantan Galur Swiss Yang Diinduksi Nyeri Asam Asetat Dengan Metode Geliat (Writhing Test).
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Akbar, B., 2010. Tumbuhan Dengan Kandungan Senyawa Aktif Yang Berpotensi
Sebagai Bahan Anti Fertilitas. Jakarta : Adabia Press pp. 6-7.
Al Tahan, F.J., 2012. Exploration of Antinociceptive, Antipyretic and AntiInflammatory Activities of Curcumin in Male Rat. Iraqi Journal of
Science. 53 : 786-93.
Arrington, L.R., 1972. Introductory Laboratory Animal: The Breeding, Care and
Management of Experimental Animal Science. New York : The Interstate
Printers and Publishing inc.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. 2005. Info POM. 6
(6):1-12.
Bars, D.L., Gozariu, M., Cadden, S.W., 2001. Animal Models of Nociception. The
American Society Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 53 :
597-652.
Baumann, T.J., 2005. Pain Management Pharmacotheraphy : A Phatophysilogic
Approach. New York : The Mc-Graw Hill Companies pp. 1093.
Beckman
Coulter.,
2015.
Salicilate
(SALY).
Available
www.beckmancoulter.com. Diakses pada 3 oktober 2015.
at
Buck, M.L., 2007. Use of Aspirin in Chidren with Cardiac Disease : Pediatric
Pharmacotherapy.
Available
at
www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/pediatrics/pharma-news/home.cfm.
Diakses pada 20 Oktober 2015.
California Biomedical Research Association., 2015. Available at http: //www.Cabiomed.org. Diakses pada 15 Oktober 2015.
Choi M, Kim S., Chung W., 2004. Xanthorrizhol, a natural sesquiterpenoid from
Curcuma xanthorrhiza, has an anti-metastatic potensial in experimental
mouse lung metastasis model. Biochem. Biopsy. Res. Commun. 326:210217.
Chyka, P.A., Erdman, A.R., Christianson, G., Wax, P.M., Booze, L.L.,
Manoguerra, A.S., et al., 2006. Salicylate Poisoning : An Evidance-Based
Consensus Guideline for Out-of-Hospital Management. Clinical
Toxicology. 45 : 95-131.
Connors, K.A., Amidon, G.L., Stella, V.J., 1992. Stabilitas kimiawi Sediaan
Farmasi Jilid 1. Edisi 2. Semarang : IKIP pp. 203 & 209.
Corwin, E.J., 2009. Buku Saku Patofisiologi. Edisi 3. Jakarta : EGC pp. 388-90.
57
58
Dahlan, M.S., 2013. Statistik Untuk Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan. Jakarta :
Salemba Medika.
Dalimartha, S., 2000. Temulawak : Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Jilid 2.
Jakarta : Trubus Agriwidya pp. 182-5.
Devaraj, S., Eshafani, A.S., Ismail. S., Ramanathan, S., Yam, M.F., 2010.
Evaluation of the Antinociceptive Activity and Acute Oral Toxicity of
Standardized Ethanolic Extract of the Rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrizha
Roxb. Molecules Journal. 15 : 2925-34.
Dewoto, H.R., 2012. Analgesik Opioid dan Antagonis :Farmakologi dan Terapi.
Edisi 5. Jakarta:Departemen Farmakologi dan Terapetik FK UI pp.210-11.
Ditjen POM., 2000. Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat.Jakarta :
Departemen Kesehatan RI 5-11.
Ganong, W.F., 2008. Sensasi Somatovisera :Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran.
Jakarta : EGC pp. 612-13.
Guyton, A.C., & Hall, J.E., 2012. Sensasi Somatik: Buku Ajar Fisiologi
Kedokteran. Edisi Kesebelas. Jakarta : EGC pp. 625-37.
Halim, M.R., Tan, M.S.M.Z., Ismail, S., Mahmud, R., 2012. Standardization and
Phytochemical Studies of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. International
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 4 : 606-10.
Han Yong, K., Lee Seoung, H., Jeong Hye, J., Kim Min, S., Yoon, M.H., Kim,
W.M., 2012. Analgesic Effects of Intrathecal Curcumin in the Rat
Formalin Test. Korean Journal of Pain. 25 : 1-6.
Hartwig, M.S., Wilson, L.M., 2012. Nyeri :Patofisiologi Konsep Klinis ProsesProses Penyakit. Volume 2. Edisi 6. Jakarta : EGC pp.1064-81.
Hayani, E., 2006. Analisis Kandungan Kimia Rimpang Temulawak. Jakarta
:TemuTeknis Nasional Tenaga Fungsional Pertanian pp.309-12.
Heinrich, M., Barnes, J., Gibbons, S., Willliamson, E.M., 2010. Farmakognosi
dan Fitoterapi. Jakarta : EGC pp. 49 & 50.
Hemeida, R.A.M., Mohafez, O.M., 2008. Curcumin Attenuates MethotraxateInduced Hepatic Oxidative Damage in Rats. Journal of the Egyptian Nat.
Cancer Inst. 20:141-8.
Huang, M.T., Lou, Y.R., Xie, J.G., Ma, W., Lu, Y.P., Yen, P., et al., 1998. Effect
of dietary curcumin and dibenzoylmethane on formulation of 7,12dimethylbenz (a) anthracene-induced mammary tumors and
lymphomas/leukemias in Sencar mice. Carcinogenesis. 19 : 1679-700.
59
Hwang, J.K., Shim, J.S., Pyun, Y.R., 1999. Antibacterial Activity of
Xanthorrizhol From Curcuma xanthorrizha Against Oral Pathogens.
Fitoterapia. 71 : 321-23.
Indraswarum, C.I., Kalsum, U., Sudjari., 2004. The Influence of Temulawak
(Curcuma xanthorrizha) To Rat Gaster With Peptic Ulcer Caused By The
Indometacine Induce. Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya. 20(2) : 96-8.
International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP)., 2002. What causes cancer
pain?. Available at http://www.iasppain.org/PCU02-2.html. Diakses pada
19 Agustus 2015.
Ismail, S., Halim, M.R.A., Tan, M.S.H.Z., Mahmud, R., 2012. StandarizationAnd
Phytochemical Studies Of Curcuma xanthorriza ROXB. International
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 4 : 606-10.
Itanursari, 2009. Ramuan Herbal untuk Mengobati Gangguan Nafsu Makan.
Available at http://www.itanursari.wordpress.com. Diakses pada 20
September 2015.
Jayaprakasha, G.K., Jaganmohan, R.L., Sakariah, K.K., 2006. Antioxidant
Activities of Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin and Bisdemethoxycurcumin.
Food Chemistry. 98:720-24
Katzung, B.G., Susan, B., Masters, Trevor, A.J., 2002. Obat-obat Antiinflamsi
Non Steroid, Obat-obat Antireumatik, Pemodifikasi Penyakit, Analgesik
Opioid, dan Obat-obat untuk Pirai: Farmakologi Dasardan Klinik. Edisi
Kedelapan. Jakarta : Salemba Medika.
Latief, S.A., 2009. Petunjuk Praktis Anestesiologi. Edisi Kedua. Jakarta : FK UI
Press.
Lucia, E.W., 2011. Eksperimen Farmakologik Orientasi Preklinik. Surabaya :
Sandira Surabaya.
Marlyne R.,2012. Uji Efek Analgesik Ekstrak Etanol 70% Bunga Mawar (Rosa
chinensis Jacq.) Pada Mencit yang Diinduksi Asam Asetat. Universitas
Indonesia. Skripsi.
Majumder, R., Hasnat, N.E., Zaman, A.U., Alam, B., 2014. In Vivo Evaluation of
The Pharmacological Activities of Syzigium samarangense (Blume) Merr.
& L.M. Perry. Advances in Biological Research. 8 : 107-15.
Melzack, R., Wall, P.D., 1965. Pain Mechanism : A New Teory. Science. 150 :
971-79.
Milind, P., Monu, Y., 2013. Laboratory Models for Screening Analgesic.
International Research Journal of Pharmacy. 4 : 15-9.
60
National Cancer Institute., 2014. Types and Cause of Cancer Pain : Pain
Control. United States Departement of Health and Human Service : NIH
Publication pp. 3-5.
Nawaz, A., Khan, G.M., Hussain, A., Ahmad, A., Khan, A., Safdar, M., 2011.
Curcumin : A Natural Product Of Biological Importance. Gomal
University Journal of Research. 27(1) : 7-14.
Neal, M.J., 2006. At A Glance Farmakologi Medis. Edisi 5. Jakarta : Erlangga pp.
65-71.
Notoatmodjo, S., 2012. Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Edisi revisi. Jakarta :
Rineka Cipta pp. 118-25.
Nuryoto., 2008. Studi Kinerja Katalisator Lewatit Monoplus s-100 pada Reaksi
Esterifikasi antara Etanol dan Asam Asetat. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses. 2 :
24-7.
O’Neil, C.K., 2008. Paint Management. Pharmacotherapy Principle and
Practice. New York : The Mc Graw-hill Companies pp. 487 & 494.
Paikin J.S., Eikelboom, J.W., 2012. Aspirin. Circulation. 125 : 439-42.
Patel, N.B., 2010. Physiology of Pain : Guide to Pain Management in LowResource Settings. Seattle : IASP pp. 13-8.
Payton, F., Sandusky, P., Alwoth, W.L., 2007. NMR Study of the Solution
Structure of Curcumin. J. Nat. Prod. 70(2) : 143-6.
Qnais, E., Raad, D., Bseiso, Y., 2014. Analgesik and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
of an Extract and Flavonoids from Artemisia Herba-Alba and Their
Mechanisms of Actions. Neurophysiology Journal. 46 : 238-42.
Rahardjo, M., 2010. Penerapan SOP Budidaya untuk Mendukung Temulawak
Sebagai Bahan Baku Obat Potensial. Perspektif. 9(2) : 78-93.
Rajagopal, M.R., 2006. Pain-Basic Comsideration. Indian J. Anaesth. 50(5) : 33134.
Reynolds, J.E.F., 1982. Martindale the Extra Pharmacopoeia. 28th edition.
London : The Pharmaceutical Press pp.235.
Ridwan, E., 2013. Etika Pemanfaatan Hewan Percobaan dalam Penelitian. J Indon
Med Assoc. 63(3) : 112-16.
Roy V., 2007. Pharmacology Autacoids : Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory Drugs,
Antipyretics, Analgesics : Drugs used in Gout. Available at
www.nsdl.niscair.res.in/bitsream/123456789/744/1/revised+autacoids+non
steroidal+antiinflammatory+drugs.pdf. Diakses pada 19 Oktober 2015.
61
Rukayadi, Y., Yong, D., Hwang, J.K., 2006. In Vitro Anticandidal Activity of
Xanthorrizhol Isolated from Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb. Journal of
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 57 : 1231-34.
Rukmana, R., 1995. Temulawak Tanaman Rempah dan Obat. Yogyakarta:
Kanisius pp.15-7.
Samuhasaneeto, S., Thong-Ngam, D., Kulaputana, O., Suyasunanont, D.,
Klaikeaw, N., 2009. Curcumin Decreased Oxidative Stress, Inhibited NFKB Activation, and Improved Liver Pathology in Ethanol-Induced Liver
Injury in Rats., 2009. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 1-8.
Sembiring, B.B., Ma’mun, Ginting, E.D., 2006. Pengaruh Kehalusan Bahan
Ekstraksi dan Lama Ekstraksi Terhadap Mutu Ekstrak Temulawak
(Curcuma xanthorrizha Roxb). Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan
Aromatik. 27 : 53-8.
Sukandar,E.Y., Andrajati, R., Sigit, J.I., Adnyana, Ketut., Setiadi, A.A.P.,
Kusnandar., 2013. Penatalaksanaan Nyeri :Iso Farmakoterapi. Buku 1.
Jakarta : ISFI Penerbitan pp. 474-88.
Supranto, J., 2008. Statistik Teori dan Aplikasi. Edisi ketujuh. Jakarta :Erlangga.
Sutjahjo, R.A., 2003. Pain Relief in Trauma. Surabaya : FKU Erlangga.
Turner, A.R., 2013. Screening Methods in Pharmacology. New York and London:
Academic Press pp. 107-17.
Warung Informasi Teknologi Warintek., 2015. Temulawak. Available at
http://www.warintek.ristek.go.id/pertanian/temulawak.pdf. Diakses pada 9
Oktober 2015.
Wilmana, P.F., Gunawan, S.G., 2012. Analgesik-antipiretik, Analgesik.
Antiinflamasi nonsteroid dan Obat Gangguan Sendi Lainnya :
Farmakologi dan Terapi. Edisi 5. Jakarta: Departemen Farmakologi dan
Terapetik FK UI pp. 230-237.
Akbar, B., 2010. Tumbuhan Dengan Kandungan Senyawa Aktif Yang Berpotensi
Sebagai Bahan Anti Fertilitas. Jakarta : Adabia Press pp. 6-7.
Al Tahan, F.J., 2012. Exploration of Antinociceptive, Antipyretic and AntiInflammatory Activities of Curcumin in Male Rat. Iraqi Journal of
Science. 53 : 786-93.
Arrington, L.R., 1972. Introductory Laboratory Animal: The Breeding, Care and
Management of Experimental Animal Science. New York : The Interstate
Printers and Publishing inc.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia. 2005. Info POM. 6
(6):1-12.
Bars, D.L., Gozariu, M., Cadden, S.W., 2001. Animal Models of Nociception. The
American Society Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 53 :
597-652.
Baumann, T.J., 2005. Pain Management Pharmacotheraphy : A Phatophysilogic
Approach. New York : The Mc-Graw Hill Companies pp. 1093.
Beckman
Coulter.,
2015.
Salicilate
(SALY).
Available
www.beckmancoulter.com. Diakses pada 3 oktober 2015.
at
Buck, M.L., 2007. Use of Aspirin in Chidren with Cardiac Disease : Pediatric
Pharmacotherapy.
Available
at
www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/pediatrics/pharma-news/home.cfm.
Diakses pada 20 Oktober 2015.
California Biomedical Research Association., 2015. Available at http: //www.Cabiomed.org. Diakses pada 15 Oktober 2015.
Choi M, Kim S., Chung W., 2004. Xanthorrizhol, a natural sesquiterpenoid from
Curcuma xanthorrhiza, has an anti-metastatic potensial in experimental
mouse lung metastasis model. Biochem. Biopsy. Res. Commun. 326:210217.
Chyka, P.A., Erdman, A.R., Christianson, G., Wax, P.M., Booze, L.L.,
Manoguerra, A.S., et al., 2006. Salicylate Poisoning : An Evidance-Based
Consensus Guideline for Out-of-Hospital Management. Clinical
Toxicology. 45 : 95-131.
Connors, K.A., Amidon, G.L., Stella, V.J., 1992. Stabilitas kimiawi Sediaan
Farmasi Jilid 1. Edisi 2. Semarang : IKIP pp. 203 & 209.
Corwin, E.J., 2009. Buku Saku Patofisiologi. Edisi 3. Jakarta : EGC pp. 388-90.
57
58
Dahlan, M.S., 2013. Statistik Untuk Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan. Jakarta :
Salemba Medika.
Dalimartha, S., 2000. Temulawak : Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Jilid 2.
Jakarta : Trubus Agriwidya pp. 182-5.
Devaraj, S., Eshafani, A.S., Ismail. S., Ramanathan, S., Yam, M.F., 2010.
Evaluation of the Antinociceptive Activity and Acute Oral Toxicity of
Standardized Ethanolic Extract of the Rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrizha
Roxb. Molecules Journal. 15 : 2925-34.
Dewoto, H.R., 2012. Analgesik Opioid dan Antagonis :Farmakologi dan Terapi.
Edisi 5. Jakarta:Departemen Farmakologi dan Terapetik FK UI pp.210-11.
Ditjen POM., 2000. Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat.Jakarta :
Departemen Kesehatan RI 5-11.
Ganong, W.F., 2008. Sensasi Somatovisera :Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran.
Jakarta : EGC pp. 612-13.
Guyton, A.C., & Hall, J.E., 2012. Sensasi Somatik: Buku Ajar Fisiologi
Kedokteran. Edisi Kesebelas. Jakarta : EGC pp. 625-37.
Halim, M.R., Tan, M.S.M.Z., Ismail, S., Mahmud, R., 2012. Standardization and
Phytochemical Studies of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. International
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 4 : 606-10.
Han Yong, K., Lee Seoung, H., Jeong Hye, J., Kim Min, S., Yoon, M.H., Kim,
W.M., 2012. Analgesic Effects of Intrathecal Curcumin in the Rat
Formalin Test. Korean Journal of Pain. 25 : 1-6.
Hartwig, M.S., Wilson, L.M., 2012. Nyeri :Patofisiologi Konsep Klinis ProsesProses Penyakit. Volume 2. Edisi 6. Jakarta : EGC pp.1064-81.
Hayani, E., 2006. Analisis Kandungan Kimia Rimpang Temulawak. Jakarta
:TemuTeknis Nasional Tenaga Fungsional Pertanian pp.309-12.
Heinrich, M., Barnes, J., Gibbons, S., Willliamson, E.M., 2010. Farmakognosi
dan Fitoterapi. Jakarta : EGC pp. 49 & 50.
Hemeida, R.A.M., Mohafez, O.M., 2008. Curcumin Attenuates MethotraxateInduced Hepatic Oxidative Damage in Rats. Journal of the Egyptian Nat.
Cancer Inst. 20:141-8.
Huang, M.T., Lou, Y.R., Xie, J.G., Ma, W., Lu, Y.P., Yen, P., et al., 1998. Effect
of dietary curcumin and dibenzoylmethane on formulation of 7,12dimethylbenz (a) anthracene-induced mammary tumors and
lymphomas/leukemias in Sencar mice. Carcinogenesis. 19 : 1679-700.
59
Hwang, J.K., Shim, J.S., Pyun, Y.R., 1999. Antibacterial Activity of
Xanthorrizhol From Curcuma xanthorrizha Against Oral Pathogens.
Fitoterapia. 71 : 321-23.
Indraswarum, C.I., Kalsum, U., Sudjari., 2004. The Influence of Temulawak
(Curcuma xanthorrizha) To Rat Gaster With Peptic Ulcer Caused By The
Indometacine Induce. Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya. 20(2) : 96-8.
International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP)., 2002. What causes cancer
pain?. Available at http://www.iasppain.org/PCU02-2.html. Diakses pada
19 Agustus 2015.
Ismail, S., Halim, M.R.A., Tan, M.S.H.Z., Mahmud, R., 2012. StandarizationAnd
Phytochemical Studies Of Curcuma xanthorriza ROXB. International
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 4 : 606-10.
Itanursari, 2009. Ramuan Herbal untuk Mengobati Gangguan Nafsu Makan.
Available at http://www.itanursari.wordpress.com. Diakses pada 20
September 2015.
Jayaprakasha, G.K., Jaganmohan, R.L., Sakariah, K.K., 2006. Antioxidant
Activities of Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin and Bisdemethoxycurcumin.
Food Chemistry. 98:720-24
Katzung, B.G., Susan, B., Masters, Trevor, A.J., 2002. Obat-obat Antiinflamsi
Non Steroid, Obat-obat Antireumatik, Pemodifikasi Penyakit, Analgesik
Opioid, dan Obat-obat untuk Pirai: Farmakologi Dasardan Klinik. Edisi
Kedelapan. Jakarta : Salemba Medika.
Latief, S.A., 2009. Petunjuk Praktis Anestesiologi. Edisi Kedua. Jakarta : FK UI
Press.
Lucia, E.W., 2011. Eksperimen Farmakologik Orientasi Preklinik. Surabaya :
Sandira Surabaya.
Marlyne R.,2012. Uji Efek Analgesik Ekstrak Etanol 70% Bunga Mawar (Rosa
chinensis Jacq.) Pada Mencit yang Diinduksi Asam Asetat. Universitas
Indonesia. Skripsi.
Majumder, R., Hasnat, N.E., Zaman, A.U., Alam, B., 2014. In Vivo Evaluation of
The Pharmacological Activities of Syzigium samarangense (Blume) Merr.
& L.M. Perry. Advances in Biological Research. 8 : 107-15.
Melzack, R., Wall, P.D., 1965. Pain Mechanism : A New Teory. Science. 150 :
971-79.
Milind, P., Monu, Y., 2013. Laboratory Models for Screening Analgesic.
International Research Journal of Pharmacy. 4 : 15-9.
60
National Cancer Institute., 2014. Types and Cause of Cancer Pain : Pain
Control. United States Departement of Health and Human Service : NIH
Publication pp. 3-5.
Nawaz, A., Khan, G.M., Hussain, A., Ahmad, A., Khan, A., Safdar, M., 2011.
Curcumin : A Natural Product Of Biological Importance. Gomal
University Journal of Research. 27(1) : 7-14.
Neal, M.J., 2006. At A Glance Farmakologi Medis. Edisi 5. Jakarta : Erlangga pp.
65-71.
Notoatmodjo, S., 2012. Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Edisi revisi. Jakarta :
Rineka Cipta pp. 118-25.
Nuryoto., 2008. Studi Kinerja Katalisator Lewatit Monoplus s-100 pada Reaksi
Esterifikasi antara Etanol dan Asam Asetat. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses. 2 :
24-7.
O’Neil, C.K., 2008. Paint Management. Pharmacotherapy Principle and
Practice. New York : The Mc Graw-hill Companies pp. 487 & 494.
Paikin J.S., Eikelboom, J.W., 2012. Aspirin. Circulation. 125 : 439-42.
Patel, N.B., 2010. Physiology of Pain : Guide to Pain Management in LowResource Settings. Seattle : IASP pp. 13-8.
Payton, F., Sandusky, P., Alwoth, W.L., 2007. NMR Study of the Solution
Structure of Curcumin. J. Nat. Prod. 70(2) : 143-6.
Qnais, E., Raad, D., Bseiso, Y., 2014. Analgesik and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
of an Extract and Flavonoids from Artemisia Herba-Alba and Their
Mechanisms of Actions. Neurophysiology Journal. 46 : 238-42.
Rahardjo, M., 2010. Penerapan SOP Budidaya untuk Mendukung Temulawak
Sebagai Bahan Baku Obat Potensial. Perspektif. 9(2) : 78-93.
Rajagopal, M.R., 2006. Pain-Basic Comsideration. Indian J. Anaesth. 50(5) : 33134.
Reynolds, J.E.F., 1982. Martindale the Extra Pharmacopoeia. 28th edition.
London : The Pharmaceutical Press pp.235.
Ridwan, E., 2013. Etika Pemanfaatan Hewan Percobaan dalam Penelitian. J Indon
Med Assoc. 63(3) : 112-16.
Roy V., 2007. Pharmacology Autacoids : Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory Drugs,
Antipyretics, Analgesics : Drugs used in Gout. Available at
www.nsdl.niscair.res.in/bitsream/123456789/744/1/revised+autacoids+non
steroidal+antiinflammatory+drugs.pdf. Diakses pada 19 Oktober 2015.
61
Rukayadi, Y., Yong, D., Hwang, J.K., 2006. In Vitro Anticandidal Activity of
Xanthorrizhol Isolated from Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb. Journal of
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 57 : 1231-34.
Rukmana, R., 1995. Temulawak Tanaman Rempah dan Obat. Yogyakarta:
Kanisius pp.15-7.
Samuhasaneeto, S., Thong-Ngam, D., Kulaputana, O., Suyasunanont, D.,
Klaikeaw, N., 2009. Curcumin Decreased Oxidative Stress, Inhibited NFKB Activation, and Improved Liver Pathology in Ethanol-Induced Liver
Injury in Rats., 2009. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 1-8.
Sembiring, B.B., Ma’mun, Ginting, E.D., 2006. Pengaruh Kehalusan Bahan
Ekstraksi dan Lama Ekstraksi Terhadap Mutu Ekstrak Temulawak
(Curcuma xanthorrizha Roxb). Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan
Aromatik. 27 : 53-8.
Sukandar,E.Y., Andrajati, R., Sigit, J.I., Adnyana, Ketut., Setiadi, A.A.P.,
Kusnandar., 2013. Penatalaksanaan Nyeri :Iso Farmakoterapi. Buku 1.
Jakarta : ISFI Penerbitan pp. 474-88.
Supranto, J., 2008. Statistik Teori dan Aplikasi. Edisi ketujuh. Jakarta :Erlangga.
Sutjahjo, R.A., 2003. Pain Relief in Trauma. Surabaya : FKU Erlangga.
Turner, A.R., 2013. Screening Methods in Pharmacology. New York and London:
Academic Press pp. 107-17.
Warung Informasi Teknologi Warintek., 2015. Temulawak. Available at
http://www.warintek.ristek.go.id/pertanian/temulawak.pdf. Diakses pada 9
Oktober 2015.
Wilmana, P.F., Gunawan, S.G., 2012. Analgesik-antipiretik, Analgesik.
Antiinflamasi nonsteroid dan Obat Gangguan Sendi Lainnya :
Farmakologi dan Terapi. Edisi 5. Jakarta: Departemen Farmakologi dan
Terapetik FK UI pp. 230-237.