The Analysis Of Theme Used In Paulo Coelho’ Novel The Winner Stands Alone
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of Study
Literature is creative expression of human imagination or wishes that it is
almost impossible to create an exact definition of it. Wellek& Warren (1971:3)
say that literature is the mirror of human life that portrays „human feeling,
thought, imagination and perception which can be viewed based on personal
judgment.
Literature can be divided into three genres, such as prose fiction, poetry
and drama. In the sense of literary, prose also called fiction, narrative text, or
narrative discourse. Fiction is a narrative work that tells something that is
imaginary, something that does not exist and happen in the real world. As a work
of imaginary, fiction directs various problems of man and humanity, life and
living. Fiction tells the various problems of human life in the interactions with the
environment and others. Fiction is the result of dialogue, contemplation, and
reactions to the environment and the life of the author.
Novel is fictional prose narrative of considerable length, typically having a
plot that is unfolded by the actions, speech and thoughts of the characters. Novel,
nearly always an extended fictional prose narrative, although some novel are very
short, some are non fictional, some have been written in verse and some not even
tell a story, novel is fictitious kind of writing.
Novel is a world specially made in words by an author. A novel exists in
the way it does because an author has chosen to put it together in that particularly
1
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way. This means that novels are not real in life. Like all works of art poems,
plays, pots or pieces of music – they have been constructed or crafted.
In this paper the writer just explains one of five elements, just focuses on
theme. Stanton (1965: 20) and Kenny (1966: 88) say that the meaning contained by a
story. But there are many meanings conceived and offered by the story (the novel),
then the problem is a special meaning which can be expressed as the theme.
Hartoko and Rahmanto (1986: 142) say that the theme is the ideas of common
bases that sustains a work of literature and are contained in the text semantic structure
regarding commonality or differences.” Themes distilled from the motifs contained in
the relevant work that determines the presence of events.
Theme is the main idea that the writer expresses. Theme can also be defined
as the underlying meaning of the story. Theme is another prime element of literature,
which contains the central idea of all literary forms such as a novel, drama and short
story. It reflects innocence, experience, live, death, reality, fate, madness, sanity, love,
society, individual, etc.
Nurgiyantoro, (1965: 70) says that theme is a meaning of story which
especially explains a big part of its elements in the simple way. It is more or less
synonymous the central idea and central purpose.
Themes can be classified into several different categories depending on the
terms of which it is done. Categorization of themes that will be presented below is
based on the classification of 3 dikhotomis perspective that is both traditional theme
and non traditional theme, seen from the classification level of experience shipley
soul are Themes Physical Level, Theme Organic Level, Theme Social Level, Theme
2
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Egoic Level, and Theme Divine Level, and the classification of the level of primacy
are Main Theme or Major Theme and Additional Themes or Minor Theme.
In this paper, the writer is interested to described themes and the types of
themes a novel which entitled The Winner Stands Alone. The Winner Stands Alone
is a book which fills the reader with impending darkness. The portrayal of the
world of glamour, largely realistic, is very depressing. It is depicted as an arena in
which under the glimmer of stars, what exists is deep darkness, an abyss of
depression from which no return is possible. Gabriela, an aspiring and aging
actress, and Jasmine, a young and wise model are the characters who are used to
convey this aspect of the story, though in a very repetitive fashion. The author
uses these 5 characters to narrate a story of people chasing their dreams.
The writer is interested in analyzing the theme used in the novel because it
can show the main idea that the writer expresses in the novel. The story is about
an old man decided to win his love again afer two years their separation, he wants
to get her back. He calls himself to be on a „mission of love‟, a mission that
requires sacrifices- murders. Set against the backdrop of glitz and glamour of the
world‟s most famous film festival, what then ensues is a tale of „extraordinary
violence‟, lasting just under 24 hours, revealing the evil which hides in each
human soul and busting the myths associated with the world of celebrities.
1.2
The Scope of Study
There are so many aspects in this novel that can be described, but the
writer becomes more interested in describing the theme in the novel. So, the
3
Universitas Sumatera Utara
scope of study is limited only describing the theme is pictured based on The
Winner Stands AloneNovel.
1.3 The Problem of Study
How is theme written by Paulo Coelho in the novel The Winner Stands
Alone?
1.4 The Objective of Study
The purpose of writing this paper is to find out the theme of the novel The
Winner Stands Alone.
1.5
The Significance of Study
The Significance of Study is divide into two sections, they are:
a)
Theoretical Significance, the study can be used to enrich the literary study
especially in theme.
b)
Practical Significance, the reader will understand about theme in a novel
and the reader will know the story in the The Winner Stands Alone novel.
1.6 The Method of Study
The writer uses qualitative description method in doing in this paper. The
primary of data sources is The Winner Stands Alone novel and the secondary of
data sources are books and internet. The data in the words, texts and quotations
form. The writer reads and notes that data then selects to be interpreted. Having
understood the story of the novel, the writer can analyze the theme of the novel
and can make the conclusion.
4
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Method of Study’s Chart
The Writer
Source of Data
-
Novel “The Winner
Stands Alone”
Books
Internet
The data in words, texts,
and quotations.
Read and note to selection
Conclusion
then interprete and analyze
the data
5
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1.1 The Background of Study
Literature is creative expression of human imagination or wishes that it is
almost impossible to create an exact definition of it. Wellek& Warren (1971:3)
say that literature is the mirror of human life that portrays „human feeling,
thought, imagination and perception which can be viewed based on personal
judgment.
Literature can be divided into three genres, such as prose fiction, poetry
and drama. In the sense of literary, prose also called fiction, narrative text, or
narrative discourse. Fiction is a narrative work that tells something that is
imaginary, something that does not exist and happen in the real world. As a work
of imaginary, fiction directs various problems of man and humanity, life and
living. Fiction tells the various problems of human life in the interactions with the
environment and others. Fiction is the result of dialogue, contemplation, and
reactions to the environment and the life of the author.
Novel is fictional prose narrative of considerable length, typically having a
plot that is unfolded by the actions, speech and thoughts of the characters. Novel,
nearly always an extended fictional prose narrative, although some novel are very
short, some are non fictional, some have been written in verse and some not even
tell a story, novel is fictitious kind of writing.
Novel is a world specially made in words by an author. A novel exists in
the way it does because an author has chosen to put it together in that particularly
1
Universitas Sumatera Utara
way. This means that novels are not real in life. Like all works of art poems,
plays, pots or pieces of music – they have been constructed or crafted.
In this paper the writer just explains one of five elements, just focuses on
theme. Stanton (1965: 20) and Kenny (1966: 88) say that the meaning contained by a
story. But there are many meanings conceived and offered by the story (the novel),
then the problem is a special meaning which can be expressed as the theme.
Hartoko and Rahmanto (1986: 142) say that the theme is the ideas of common
bases that sustains a work of literature and are contained in the text semantic structure
regarding commonality or differences.” Themes distilled from the motifs contained in
the relevant work that determines the presence of events.
Theme is the main idea that the writer expresses. Theme can also be defined
as the underlying meaning of the story. Theme is another prime element of literature,
which contains the central idea of all literary forms such as a novel, drama and short
story. It reflects innocence, experience, live, death, reality, fate, madness, sanity, love,
society, individual, etc.
Nurgiyantoro, (1965: 70) says that theme is a meaning of story which
especially explains a big part of its elements in the simple way. It is more or less
synonymous the central idea and central purpose.
Themes can be classified into several different categories depending on the
terms of which it is done. Categorization of themes that will be presented below is
based on the classification of 3 dikhotomis perspective that is both traditional theme
and non traditional theme, seen from the classification level of experience shipley
soul are Themes Physical Level, Theme Organic Level, Theme Social Level, Theme
2
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Egoic Level, and Theme Divine Level, and the classification of the level of primacy
are Main Theme or Major Theme and Additional Themes or Minor Theme.
In this paper, the writer is interested to described themes and the types of
themes a novel which entitled The Winner Stands Alone. The Winner Stands Alone
is a book which fills the reader with impending darkness. The portrayal of the
world of glamour, largely realistic, is very depressing. It is depicted as an arena in
which under the glimmer of stars, what exists is deep darkness, an abyss of
depression from which no return is possible. Gabriela, an aspiring and aging
actress, and Jasmine, a young and wise model are the characters who are used to
convey this aspect of the story, though in a very repetitive fashion. The author
uses these 5 characters to narrate a story of people chasing their dreams.
The writer is interested in analyzing the theme used in the novel because it
can show the main idea that the writer expresses in the novel. The story is about
an old man decided to win his love again afer two years their separation, he wants
to get her back. He calls himself to be on a „mission of love‟, a mission that
requires sacrifices- murders. Set against the backdrop of glitz and glamour of the
world‟s most famous film festival, what then ensues is a tale of „extraordinary
violence‟, lasting just under 24 hours, revealing the evil which hides in each
human soul and busting the myths associated with the world of celebrities.
1.2
The Scope of Study
There are so many aspects in this novel that can be described, but the
writer becomes more interested in describing the theme in the novel. So, the
3
Universitas Sumatera Utara
scope of study is limited only describing the theme is pictured based on The
Winner Stands AloneNovel.
1.3 The Problem of Study
How is theme written by Paulo Coelho in the novel The Winner Stands
Alone?
1.4 The Objective of Study
The purpose of writing this paper is to find out the theme of the novel The
Winner Stands Alone.
1.5
The Significance of Study
The Significance of Study is divide into two sections, they are:
a)
Theoretical Significance, the study can be used to enrich the literary study
especially in theme.
b)
Practical Significance, the reader will understand about theme in a novel
and the reader will know the story in the The Winner Stands Alone novel.
1.6 The Method of Study
The writer uses qualitative description method in doing in this paper. The
primary of data sources is The Winner Stands Alone novel and the secondary of
data sources are books and internet. The data in the words, texts and quotations
form. The writer reads and notes that data then selects to be interpreted. Having
understood the story of the novel, the writer can analyze the theme of the novel
and can make the conclusion.
4
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Method of Study’s Chart
The Writer
Source of Data
-
Novel “The Winner
Stands Alone”
Books
Internet
The data in words, texts,
and quotations.
Read and note to selection
Conclusion
then interprete and analyze
the data
5
Universitas Sumatera Utara