Group Japan Report Silvia Herera

INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR
AND COMPANY VISIT TO CELAN
AUTHORITY OF TOKYO (SHIN-KOTO
INCINERATION PLANT)



Humanizing Collaboration Between Indonesia and Japan
Tokyoo, 15-19 May 2017

Arranged by:
Silvia Herera
Student ID 120820160043

MARKETING ANALYSIS

Political Factors
Japan is a country that embraces the constitutional monarchy state system. The emperor, headed by Akihito,
governing the constitution as a symbol of the state and the unifying of the people and acts in diplomatic
affairs. Later, Crown Price of Japan, Naruhito will replace Emperor Akihito as the next holder of the throne. The
current government powers are under Shinzo Abe, as Japanese Prime Minister and sovereignty are under the
Japanese people. Unlike the emperor, the prime minister has a strong influence in the country, especially the
political and economic laws. Parliamentarians will elect the prime minister, but in fact, the prime minister
comes from the majority party existing in parliament. After the election of one party, the election of the new
prime minister will begin. There are five parties that have a strong influence in Japan.
Hubatsu or factions influence strongly at the existing political parties in Japan. Each party has a hubatsu or a
separate faction to play a role in the election of the party chairman. But, DIET as prime minister, will elect
party chairman. After that, then appointed / sworn by the emperor.
In addition, there are also political figures who play an important role and joined in political parties. They not
only get into the faction, but also work in big business that exists in Japan. Political figures may have
relationships with other countries or between parties, even those not diplomatically connected with Japan.
One important factor in the Japanese political system is the political communication media as print media and

broadcast media. Print media is one of the important things in policy making by connecting communication
between experts, political figures and other members of the community who are not included in any faction.
Not only that, the print media became one way to communicate everything including the ugliness that
happened to every political figure who would later become input for the Japanese high officials.
Economic Factors
The Japanese economic system embraces the free market economy and is industrated. This system is similar to
the economic system adopted by other industrialized countries, like Germany, United States, Britain, and other
developed countries.
Although the area is not so large, Japan entered the top five countries with the largest economy in the world.
From an early age, they have set up their education system so that everyone can contribute to their country.
The government does it to prepare them for the world of work and become an investment. The low natural
resources did not make Japan fall because trade is rising well.
Most of Japan's revenue comes from services sectors including banking, transportation and insurance and
telecommunications. Call it Japan Airlines is included in the JAL Groups and is one of the largest airlines that
carry passengers to all parts of the world.
Japan airlines cooperate with other airlines
incorporated in Oneworld making it easier for
passengers who want to fly with him.

Japan is also famous for its industry sector

where automotive and electronics are the main
industries of Japan. We must be familiar with
Toyota, Mitsubishi, Daihatsu, Yamaha and
many others. These brands are products
produced by Japan which are then
imported and marketed in Indonesia. In
addition, there are many brands of electronic
goods that are scattered in the Indonesian market. This proves that Japan's industrial sector is in great demand
by the market. However, the manufacturing industry is still doing a lot of imported raw materials and fuel oil
from other countries.

Although it has a small land area for agriculture, the results are satisfactory. The soil that can be cultivated is
small so it can not produce wheat, soybeans or other crops to meet the needs of its inhabitants. The main
product of Japanese agriculture is rice which is the staple food for the people. Although it has a few of
productive land, but Japan can accommodate the needs of rice for the community. But they must continue to
import other food needs because the existing needs are much larger than the resources owned.


Japan still has abundant resources of sea resources. As an archipelagic country, Japan became one of the
largest producers of fish. Japanese fisheries are supported by modern fishing gear and vast fishing grounds.

One of the biggest catches is tuna. This tuna auction can be seen at Tsukiji Market in Tokyo.
The Tsukiji market is the oldest market among Tokyo's metropolitan wholesale market. Tuna Auctions are one
of traditions that are maintained. Tsukiji Market operates at 3 am (closed on every Sunday, holiday and a few
days Wednesday). If you want to see a Tuna auction, visitors can register starting at 03.30 am at the
information center. The number of visitors is limited to 120 people per day and divided into two groups, each
amounting to 60 people.
Fish auction is not much different from the general auction, with the auctioneer who
yelled open the price greeted the auction participants who are competing to raise
their offer. But given they are fighting fish, and this activity takes place in the middle
of the fish market at a very early time, making the experience of watching tuna
auctions as one of the uniqueness in Tokyo. Tsukiji Market is divided into two parts
the inner market which is a place of fish auctions and outside markets that sell fish,
vegetables and fresh fruits. So if you do not have time to watch the Tuna auction,
then there are many other things that can be seen in Tsukiji Market. The outdoor
market is divided into several aisles that sell a variety of fresh fish. So, besides seeing
a variety of fresh seafood, visitors can also taste it at restaurants along the market.
It feels incomplete for Tokyo but does not visit Tsukiji Market to just take a walk or
taste sushi or other seafood.
Besides that, Japan is a heaven for shopping queen. Everyone will easily find the items they want. Japan
provides different areas for each type of goods. It also became one of Japan's economic resources. Here are

some places that are usually visited by tourists to shop all their needs in Japan, especially Tokyo.




1. Ueno
At Ueno there is Ameyoko, a shopping area famous for its food and
shopping. Ameyoko presents various types of stores scattered along the way
with various types of good items for souvenirs or daily use, such as clothes
and bags. In addition, there are many food variations in Ameyoko, both
street food and restaurant food. For Muslim visitors, there are several places
to eat that have halal certificates.
2. Asakusa
Asakusa is one of the districts in Tokyo that still retains the traditional
atmosphere of Tokyo. There is Sensoji, a Buddhist temple as the most
colorful temple in Tokyo
with
Kaminarimon
(Thunder Gate) in front of main gate on it. Asakusa lined
with small lanes and twisted alleys that hold the antique

artworks of Tokyo Hotaru and noren (curtains in front of
the shop). A shopping street, well known as Nakamise,
leads the tourist from the outer until the temple’s
second gate. They can buy souvenirs like yukata, t-shirts,
keychain and try street food like mochi, matcha ice
cream, rice crackers and many more.
3. Harajuku
Harajuku is a shopping center with two opposite buyers. Omotesando, known as the Champs-Elysées of
Tokyo, is an area of high-end boutiques, cafés and designer shops with renowned brands. While Takeshita
Dori is a unique fashion and cultural center of Japanese youth and can be found along a street full of shops
and cafes targeting young people. Harajuku is not only for teenage culture and shopping. There is one of
Tokyo’s shrine called Meiji Jingu, which also near with the spacious Yoyogi Park.
4. Ginza
Ginza is the famous upmarket and home to the urban luxury boutiques,
also expensive department stores which targeting the upper class in
Tokyo. Almost all major Japanese and international fashion and cosmetics
brands open their stores here, including leading electronics brands such
as Apple and Sony. Ginza is one of the most expensive real estat in Japan,
so it’s common to get expensive infamous snacks or coffees. Tourist can
find some shop building such as Ginza Wako, Ginza Six, Matsuya, Itoya

and globally clothing brands, Uniqlo with 12 floor.
5. Akihabara
Akihabara also called Akiba is home to electronics retailers such as Laox,
Sofmap, Yodobashi Camera, Yamada Denki, as well as small electronic
shops lined the streets of the district and a small alley. Akihabara has
gained acknowledgment as a center of Japanese otaku culture
development (people who are crazy about something especially anime,
manga, etc.). It also provide maid cafes and manga cafes where tourisr
can read comics and watch DVDs in addition to gain internet access. Not only Japanase languange
documentation and limited warranties, several stores also feature of international models and offer tax
free shopping for foreign tourist.
Social Factors
Japan has 127 million inhabitants with the Yamato tribe as the most dominant tribe. The main minority groups
are the Ainu and Ryukyu and Burakumin, a minority socially. Most of the people follow Shinto and Buddhism.
However, already many people who embrace Christianity.
Many social problems that occur in Japan, one of which is the younger generation who choose not married or
have a family as they grow up. This will affect the decline in the population of Japanese citizens. In fact, when
aged 30 years, Japanese women are expected to settle down and get married. When they are working, they
will quit their jobs and become housewives. Married couples have at least one son who is able to inherit a

family or inheritance value. But in fact, the birth rate in Japan is declining due to the lack of couples who are
willing to marry and have a family.
Most people are more concerned with work than personal life. They do not want to marry too young for fear
of economic conditions and unable to finance family life. While the women do not want to marry young for
fear of not getting the freedom after marriage.
As a result, the Japanese government made policies for women workers. They raise salaries and promotions so
that women can still have a career after marriage. In addition, there is a policy in which the right to maternity
leave can also be taken by the men so that the obligation to care for children is not only charged to women
and women still can keep their work.
In addition, progress has also changed the way people associate with their communities. The suppression by
the strong against the weak, as well as the unlimited level of intercourse. For victims of oppression, they will
become a quiet person, but still plunge in society or even end his life. There are also people who eventually
withdraw from the association, these people are nicknamed the "Hikikomori".
Hikikomori comes from the word pull away. Most hikikomori are male, although there are also women. The
cause is not clear, but most publicly blame the family factor, where the loss of a father figure who works from
morning until late at night, who finally does not have time to interact with his child, as well as mothers who
are considered to spoil their children (probably because the number of children owned by the family Japan is a
bit).
Not only Indonesia is still experiencing problems with poverty. It turned out that Japan also has the same
problem and there is no right way to fix it. Poverty occurs because of the 'economic crisis' resulting in the

economic bubble phenomenon that occurred in 1990. Many companies suffered losses and had to lay off their
employees, resulting in many people becoming homeless. However, the cause of being homeless is due to
their own desires. People affected by the economic bubble do not want to go back to their families because
they are so embrass and be homeless instead.
Unlike in Indonesia, homeless in Japan will be difficult to find, during the day. They are like living in the shadow
of a glittering city. Few people know where and where they live if during the day. When the night has come,
they can be seen in several corners of the city, just like in Tokyo. But not all homeless can be known even at
night. So, it is very difficult to record its existence. Although homeless, they are still the Japanese who hold fast
to their ideology. Better to provide jobs than to give alms.
For those who can not survive the pressures of life so heavy, they will take a shortcut by ending his life. They
assume that by doing so, they will escape the pressure.
Technological Factor
It can be said Japan is a technology superpower. They have the most advanced telecommunication system,
with mobile phones. If Indonesia is still fussed with a difficult mobile network connection, then it will not
happen in Japan. They allow each community to enjoy wifi wherever located, as long as the area is populated.
So instead of using SMS, they send emails more often for communication via short messages.
Japan always one step ahead from another countries when it comes to breakthrough, especially in technology.
They always develop anything related to technology. The development can be seen by the birth of a machine
or robot to make people easier with their daily job. ASIMO, humanoid robot (shaped like a human) developed
by Honda which can walk and speak human language like there is no difference with ordinary people. Soon,

robots will be active in many fields and may co-exist with humans, as in science fiction films.
Legal Factors
The existing legal system is divided into three subsystems legal substance, legal structure and legal
culture. The substance of the law is a material and formal rule of law relating to the rule of the law. The legal
structure relates to law enforcement structure instruments such as lawyers, police, courts, prisons and
prosecutors. Meanwhile, legal culture is the value and expectation of the law. The legal culture is divided into
two parts, the culture of internal law, the legal values that exist in law enforcement and external legal culture,
the legal values contained in the society.

It is in this legal culture context that there is a big trend of difference between Indonesia and Japan. Interesting
phenomenon that the Japanese will feel the failure if the case must be resolved by the court. This means they
can not solve the problem with Japanese legal tradition. For the Japanese who still keep their honor, using
modern law is a shame. Shame is a key element in Japanese civilization. Modern law adopted does not
necessarily make Japan forget its tradition. In the context of Japanese legal culture, the court is the last resort
to solve the case.
This law is used all over the place, not least the Tsujiki Fish Market, where fish auctions are conducted in an
open and fair manner. All activities related to the auction are supervised by the inspectors of the Tokyo
Metropolitan Government. This is done to avoid cheating in the auction system, including the prices that exist
outside the fish auction.
Environmental Factors
The population of Japan is centered on Tokyo City and its surroundings. The shape of which is the archipelago
caused Japan easily hit by tsunami and earthquake. This leads to a development that is resistant to earthquake
shocks and builds
Mentioned above, Japan's large population is concentrated in and around Tokyo. This is not an option,,
because most of the island is ruled by mountains and forests. This area is habitable and reduces the
development of Japan to smaller and accessible parts of the country.
Being surrounded by water, the soil is vulnerable to tsunamis and earthquakes. With packed housing and
developments to accommodate high populations, they face the risk of colossal damage in the event of a
natural disaster.
Recommendation
1. The government cooperates with the private sector in enhancing Indonesia's tourism by strengthening the
infrastructure network to the countryside to unlock the hidden tourism potential of Indonesia.
2. The government should be able to accommodate the Indonesian craftsmen in marketing their products.
For example, make a supermarket (perhaps managed by cooperatives) that accommodate all the craft in
Indonesia. Inacraft actually already accommodate it, but the government can create a network throughout
Indonesia so that it can be its own attraction for tourists. Not necessarily directly throughout Indonesia, but
can put it in big cities.





CROSS CULTURAL ANALYSIS

Differences in Values, Beliefs and Policies
Tokyo is one of the cities in Japan that became the center of culture. The culture comes from Jomon ethnic
mixed with other influences, such as China, Korea, Greece to Europe and America. The cultural uniqueness in
Tokyo can be found in its traditional arts. Some examples include ikebana (flower arranging art), onsen (hot
water bath), bunraku (puppet theater), origami (paper folding art) and many others.
In addition, there are many other things that are included in Japanese culture, such as festivals, rituals, and
celebrations. Tokyo entices tourists to come to the city with a series of festivals that have been planned
previously. There is a traditional visit during the new year to the holy places, matsuri (religious festivals) and
blooming cherry blossoms in April. In fact, when compared with Japan, Indonesia actually has more culture
generated from 34 Provinces. But, Japan continues to explore the potential of its culture to attract the interest
of foreigner to come and visit the country. They also inherit the culture from generation to generation to the
next so that the culture is not extinct.
Japan is a country attached to its culture so it may not be easy for others to accept it, example on using foreign
languages. Japan has a katakana to use English instead of making regular Latin letters and speaking in everyday
language rather than having to learn a foreign language. This is due to their love for the culture. They realize
that the Japanese have separate groups that are separated from outsiders.
For tourists who come to Japan, should know some simple traditions that are
embedded as one of the existing culture. Bending is one of the culture
substitutes for handshakes. The bending culture is called Ojigi, which is a
tribute to others. Bowing is done when first meeting others, even when
saying apologies and thanks. The deeper a person bends, the more he
respects the person. If the Japanese have done it, then it is obligatory to
retaliate by bowing. If we do not do it, then we are considered rude.
Continuous bending habits are performed in Japan. The way to bow to men
and women is essentially different. Women put their hands on their thighs
while bowing while the men will put their two cranes next to their thighs. In
addition, the social class also plays an important role in determining how
deep our bow is against their higher class.
Just like in Indonesia, Japan is also a country that requires not wearing shoes
in the house, temple or other places that are respected. Why take off shoes?
Cleanliness is the most important thing for the Japanese. So, shoes are
removed so that the floor is not dirty and they can sit on the floor or in the
tatami. Most traditional Japanese houses are made of wood so that it easily
absorbs odors derived from air humidity. Especially when it is exposed to sweat or rain water. Therefore, they
are getting used to remove shoes when entering the house. If a place has a level at the entrance, then let
someone take off the shoes used. Sometimes the owner of the place provides the usual slippers in the room.
However, there is one striking difference between Japanese and Indonesian culture, namely discipline.
Discipline is very difficult to
apply in Indonesia. Sometimes
rules are not applied to
everyday activities when in
fact it is very easy to do. But,
the great sense of laziness
makes the Indonesian people
difficult to apply it.
Japan has taught discipline
since childhood, so that they
can later have a great work
ethic. The work ethic

continues to be transmitted to the next generation in order to maintain its sustainability. One example is the
culture of shame if the office home faster. Usually, people who leave the office longer (overtime) are the
people who have an important and reliable role in the company. The returning workers are regarded as
unproductive or unimportant workers. Overtime or not a person even used as a tool to measure the value and
status of a person. So, do not be surprised if the Japanese are very loving and focused on his work.
It was the love that made the Japanese very disciplined. When it comes to office hours, there is no chat or
joke between employees. They focus on their work until lunch break arrives. Perhaps this is the reason why
the streets of Tokyo are so quiet in office hours.
Acculturation
Basically, Jomon culture is the original of Japanesse culture, but China and Korea bring influence into it. These
developments actually make the use of China more than Korea. The Japanese think everything that comes
from China, especially China, is a beautiful thing. Although receiving well, but they do not apply everything
directly into everyday life. They combine it with the culture they have brought before it so happens cultural
acculturation. One example is writing and Japanese language. There was a Chinese who came to Japan and
then taught them Chinese writing and language. The way of writing that is still famous until now is a kanji
script originating from China. In addition there are also Hiragana and Katakana script used as a colloquial
language.
Japan is a Shinto believer. Shinto is an optimistic belief, with man as a good being and evil spirit is the bearer of
evil on earth. The shinto ritual focuses on removing evil spirits that become the forerunners of a person's evil.
However, along with the development of the era and influx of influences from outsiders, so many have
embraced Buddhism. Buddhism also developed into various streams and Zen Buddhism is the most famous
today. In addition, due to the strong influence of the west, the Japanese open themselves to accept
Christianity as one of their religion.
World Brands
Japan has many brands that have been worldwide. If we look deeper at the supermarkets in Indonesia, many
goods with Japanese brands in it. Starting from brands of food, beverages, beauty brands, cleaning even
almost all household items have a Japanese brand. Not only that, electronic goods with Japanese brands are
also widely scattered in the Indonesian market, such as Panasonic, Toshiba, Miyako, and many more.
Technological sophistication makes the goods that come from Japan is very liked by the people of Indonesia. In
the automotive industry, Japan is dominating the Indonesian market with brands such as Toyota, Mitsubishi,
Daihatsu, Honda and Suzuki. We can find all the Japanese-made automotive brands throughout the country's
roads and outposts. So, it is not wrong if we say that Indonesia provides a large market share for Japan.





COMPANY VISIT

At this International Joint Seminar, we had the opportunity to visit Shin-Koto Incineration Factory in
Yumenoshima, Koutou-ku. Shin-koto Incineration Factory is one of the existing waste treatment plants in
Japan, precisely in Tokyo. There are 21 Incineration Factories in 23 cities in Tokyo and serving inner-city areas.
The Shin-Koto Incineration Plant is built on a 61,000 m2 plot, with a total waste of 18,000 tonnes / day. The
Japanese government is charging 88 billion yen to build the plant. Shin-Koto Incineration Factory was
completed in September 1998 and continues to operate until now.
The 23 Cities and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government had discussed for many years their respective roles and
institutional frameworks from viewpoints such as stronger autonomy of the 23 cities and the promotion
of mega-city administration by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government on an extensive scale.
One result of these discussions
was that, on April 1, 2000, the
duties of municipal waste
management were
transferred to the 23 cities.
It was decided that each of the
23
cities
would independently manage
its own waste collection and
transfer, while management of
intermediate
treatment
(incineration,
pulverization,
etc) was
determined to be
handled. This was due to the
presence of some cities that
had no incineration plant within
their cities, and to optimize
treatment efficiency. There are
21 incineration plants across the district of Tokyo based on official website of 23 Clean Authority of Tokyo:
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

Facilities name
Chuo Incineration Plant
Minato Incineration Plant
Kita Incineration Plant
Shinagawa Incineration Plant
Meguro Incineration Plant
Ota Incineration Plant
Tamagawa Incineration Plant
Setagaya Incineration Plant
Chitose Incineration Plant
Shibuya Incineration Plant
Suginami Incineration Plant
Toshima Incineration Plant
Itabashi Incineration Plant
Nerima Incineration Plant
Hikarigaoka Incineration Plant
Sumida Incineration Plant
Shin-Kōtō Incineration Plant
Ariake Incineration Plant
Adachi Incineration Plant
Katsushika Incineration Plant
Edogawa Incineration Plant

Location
104-0053 5-2-1, Harumi, Chuo-ku
108-0075 5-7-1, Kounan, Minato-ku
115-0042 1-2-36, Shimo, Kita-ku
140-0003 1-4-1, Yashio, Shinagawa-ku
(among Plant remodeling)
143-0003 3-6-1, Keihinjima, Ota-ku
146-0092 2-33-1, Shimomaruko, Ota-ku
157-0074 1-1-1, Okura, Setagaya-ku
156-0056 2-7-1, Hachimanyama, Setagaya-ku
150-0011 1-35-1, Higashi, Shibuya-ku
(among Plant remodeling)
170-0012 2-5-1, Kamiikebukuro, Toshima-ku
175-0082 9-48-1, Takashimadaira, Itabashi-ku
177-0032 6-10-11, Yahara, Nerima-ku
(among Plant remodeling)
131-0042 1-10-23, Higashisumida, Sumida-ku
136-0081 3-1-1, Yumenoshima, Koutou-ku
135-0063 2-3-10, Ariake, Koutou-ku
121-0812 4-7-1, Nishihokima, Adachi-ku
125-0032 1-20-1, Mizumoto, Katsushika-ku
132-0013 2-10, Edogawa, Edogawa-ku

Garbage collection is one of the stages in waste management. This stage is the earliest stage. Each city sets
collection days and areas depending on the type of waste and conducts efficient operations drafting operation
plans that correspond to seasonal changes and regional trends in waste amount. The waste management
process in 23 cities is not charged for household waste (not exceeding 10 kg per day), in addition to waste and
waste of large business activities.
The process of waste management from the collection stage to the drainage stage is the collection and
classification of waste originating from homes, shops, offices, schools. Then, the waste is entered according to
their respective types according to their nature. Waste can be classified into three types, combustible waste,
incombustible waste and large-sized waste.
•

•

•

Combustible waste is loaded onto collection vehicles on collection sites from which it is directly
transferred to an incineration plant. Combustible waste is organic waste or garbage derived from
vegetable, fruits, eggshells, paper and so on which can be burned or destroyed by burning. Combustible
waste will be processed as follows. First, the waste is immediately discharged to the final disposal
assigned to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government at the New Sea Surface Disposal Site. The remainder of
the ash is delivered to landfill disposal. Second, the bottom ash is recycled to cement and then used as a
building material and civil engineering material, etc. Third, the bottom ash is melted into slag used as a
civil engineering material, and others. Like a slag, the volume is almost half that of ashes, And about a
quarter of its original state as waste. Fourth, it is used efficiently to generate thermal energy. Electricity
and hot water generated at the plant are used in the facility to operate the plant, thereby reducing the
purchase of electricity and fuel costs. Electric surplus sold to power cmpanies.
Incombustible waste is fire-retardant or indestructible waste by combustion process. Examples of waste in
this category are broken glass, broken umbrella, broken pan, and so on. This incombustible waste will be
transfered to the Incombustible Waste Processing Center. Incombustible waste is transferred either to
Chubo Incombustible Wate Processing Center or Keihinjima Island Incombustible Waste Processing
Center. Some cities have established land or boat transfer stations, where waste is reloaded onto
container vehicles or vessels for relayed transfer to improved transfer efficiency, reduced traffic
congestion and allevation of air pollution due to exhaust.
Large-sized waste is large-scale of waste, for example broken cabinets, broken mattresses, broken bikes,
etc. Large-sized waste is separated into combustible large-sized waste, such as wooden furnitures, and
into incombustible large-sized waste, such as bicycles. Large-sized waste is delivered to the Large-sized
Waste Pulverization Processing Facility. Cities that have a transfer station conduct relayed transfer by
reloading it from smaller collection vehicles onto larger vehicles.

One of the important things in doing waste management is sorting of waste which owned by the community.
Tokyo cultivates 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) in managing good waste as did the Japanese "choinakai"
movement. They are people who started the culture or habit of managing waste properly. The movement
continues to grow and is supported by various layers of society in Japan. Although the movement of
environmental care in the community is growing rapidly, but the Japanese government does not yet have
regulations or laws governing waste processing. At that time, environmental issues have not been a priority for
the Japanese government. Japan just issued a law about 20 years later. They see positive developments with
great support from the rest of society. The Japanese Parliament issued the Basic Law for the Promotion of the
Formation of Recycling Oriented Society. Previously, they had issued Containers and Packaging Recycle Law
first in 1997. Based on these, there are at least three secrets of Japanese success in handling household waste.
•

•
•

First, the high priority of the community in the recycling program. Almost all Japanese understand the
importance of recycling waste management. To build that awareness, community groups such as
"chonaikai" conduct environmental awareness campaigns in various walks of life. Several volunteers
have actively come down to housing to monitor garbage disposal, and dialogue with residents on how to
handle the waste.
Second, the emergence of social pressure from Japanese society if we do not throw garbage in place and
kind. Shame is the key to waste effectiveness in Japan.
Third, a massive and aggressive educational program is done from an early age. Children in Japan, since
grade 3 elementary school has been trained how to dispose of waste according to its kind. It builds a

waste disposal culture that can be embedded in the subconscious. Disposing of waste by type has become
"habit".
Waste sorting can not be separated from the principles that we have often heard, 3R, Reduce, Reuse and
Recycle. 3R is the keyword to a life of reducing waste and cherishing resources.
• Reduce, means to be careful in using goods to reduce the amount of generated waste. Find a way to avoid
producing waste in daily life. This is the most important thing. Waste can become a resource, but that
alone does not establish a recycling-oriented society.
• Reuse, means the repetitive use of an item which can still be reused for something else. Do not throw
anything away after using it once. So many things can be reused with a few ideas or effort. It consumes less
resources and energy than producing something new.
• Recycle, means the use of the waste itself as a resource. What becomes a resource when separated
correctly would become waste if simply thrown away. Are you aware of what kind of goods that can be
transformed into resources?



The picture show about the 3R (Reduce – Reuse – Recycle) process in Japan. (Source by Ministry of the
Environment Japan, 2005).
Focusing on those three things (Reduce – Reuse – Recycling) can be an effective and efficient way to minimize
waste The movement continues to grow, supported by various layers of society in Japan. Although the
environmental care movement in the community is exploding, the Japanese government does not yet have a
law regulating waste management. For the government environmental issues have not been a priority.
One of the important things in waste treatment is the promotion for the separation of goods that can be
made into 3Rs. As part of the promotion, the foundation builds a material-cycle society as an approach to
effective 3R promotion:



Awarenessraising





InformaXon
sharing

Partnership

PromoXon
of the 3Rs



IncenXves

Technology
Development





1. Awarenes-raising
3R promotion aims to the Japanese people to know how important the 3R in their life. In addition,
environmental education makes people aware of the needs. The most important strategy for promoting 3R
is to raise public awareness to change their behavior. In addition, the practice against waste disposal also
supports 3R promotions. The implementation of 3R practices is highly dependent on behavioral factors.
The media also have a profound impact on behavior change and human practice, so the media plays an
important role in promoting 3R in daily life.
2. Information sharing
Information sharing is useful for disseminating any activities which related to 3R. Promotion is
implemented requires cooperation with several stakeholders to get the product design under the stage
disposal. The design product is linked to the existing labeling of household appliances.
3. Incentives
3R promotion has a positive impact on people who implement 3R so well. Incentives can be felt in
economic and social ways, example on tax revenue due to 3R promotion.
4. Technology development
The 3R promotion will help technology development to the brighter ways. The existence of supportive
research to do 3R on an item will facilitate the sorting of the goods. For example, a vehicle where some
parts in it can be recycle or reusable.
5. Partnership
Partnership is needed in promoting 3R. All elements within a country, including central government, local
government, private sector, community and NGO. They must know their respective roles in implementing
3R promotion
The objective of the Law on the Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources is to promote integrated
initiatives for the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) which needed for the formation of a sustainable society based
on the 3Rs. In particular, it uses cabinet orders to designate the industries and product categories where
businesses are required to initiates 3R, and establish by ministerial ordinances the details of voluntary actions
that they should take. Ten industries and 69 product categories have been designated, and actions stipulated
include 3R policies at the product manufacturing stage, 3R consideration at the design stage, product
identification to facilitate separate waste collection, and the creation of voluntary collection and recycling
systems by manufacturers, among other topics.
The Japanese government also makes regulations to support the recycling program. The existence of basic
environmental law becomes the main reference in doing 3R. Basic Law Promoting the creation of a recyclingoriented society (basic framework art).The law maintains the recycling of materials used by society. It also
regulates the consumption of natural resources and reduces environmental impact. Basic environment law.
The regulation targeted at the characteristics of spesific product groups:
a.

b.
c.
d.
e.

Containers and packaging recycling law. It regulate to sorting and collection of containers and
packaging by cities, town and villages and recycling for reuse and resale by container manufactures
and businesses using containers and packaging.
Home appliance recycling law. It regulate for retail outlets to collect used household appliances from
consumers and recycling for reuse and resale by manufactures.
Food waste recycling law. It regulate to reuse of food waste by manufacturers, processors and
retailers of food products.
Construction Materials Recycling Law. It regulate construction companies to sort and demolish waste
structures and recycle waste construction materials.
Law on recycling of end-of-life vehicles. It regulate the concerned businessess to collect, disassemble,
and pulverize used vehicles and recover CFC’s. The manufacturers have to recycle air bags and
shredder dust and break down CFC’s.

f.

Small home appliances recycling law. It regulate the certified businessess to recycle used small
electronic appliances, etc.

3R Promotion Month
The Japanese Government has specified 3R (Reduce, Reuse
and Recycling) Promotion Month in October, one month per
year. To increase understanding and encourage participation
in such activities, eight Japanese government ministries
(Ministry of Finance; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology; Ministry of Health, Labour and
Welfare; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries;
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure and Transport; Ministry of the Environment;
Consumer Affairs Agency) have designated the promotion
month. Each year, the ministries conduct a variety of activities
to raise awareness and promote the concept of 3R nationwide.
The promotion aims to enhance the understanding and
cooperation of consumers and business operators. All of stakeholders will hold variety programs and events
due to promote the establishment of a sound material-cycle society. They made eco-friendly shopping
campaign to the whole country by carried out the bag for shopping (as much as possible not using
supermarket shopping bag) and contribute to the purchase (reduction of food loss) of premeditated food.
So, how to promote the 3R by exercise it in our daily life??


If You snll end up
with waste,
Observe the rules

WAIT! Before you
throw it away...
Check first before
you select a
product.
Is it durable?
Can it be refilled?

Use your own
shopping bag

- Can I use it for
another purpose?
- It may be used by
someone else.
- It may be used
with some other
ideas


These are three
steps, but recycling
is not applicable to
everything.
The first step
"Reduce" is the
most important.

Basically, this 3R already applied in Indonesia, but somehow, not many people who continue to do it.
Sometimes we feel that it’s not our duty, but government have to do it.


Recommendation
Indonesia has already seen the success of Japan in processing waste. This is evidenced by the processing of
garbage in cooperation with Japan. However, we still can not reach it perfectly. This happens because there is
still a lack of awareness of the community about garbage. The large number of people who throw garbage
carelessly is still a major problem in combating waste.
1.

The government must strengthen the rules on waste. Anyone who throws garbage carelessly deserves
sanctions. Maybe it does not have to be a prison jail, but it could be a sanction that makes the culprit
embarrassed to repeat it again.

2.
3.

4.

5.



Governments working with private parties and communities should promote the 3R program
(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) gradually.
The government should works with the private sector to make waste treatment, not only in big cities,
but in all provinces in Indonesia. The government should make a full appreciation of the people who
are able to make the waste processing and accommodate it in the hope that it can make a better role
model.
The government should strengthen the Resource Recycling System to processing waste into useful
goods. They also have to looking for investor to support the development of waste processing in
Indonesia.
The government should have done socialization in the form of massive and aggressive education
programs so that the public understands the importance of disposing of waste in place and in
accordance with its type. The educational program is also conducted in schools, including primary
schools to build a habit or culture to dispose of waste in its place and according to its type.


References:
www.union.tokyo23-seisou.lg.jp.e.de.hp.transer.com
www.env.go.jp4
www.uncrd.or.jp
www.wasteconcern.org
www.meti.go.jp
www.japanguide.com
id.japantravel.com
www.brilio.net
noren-id.com
www.japan-guide.com
www.pestleanalysis.com
the-dailyjapan.com