Pemanfaatan Jerami Padi (Oryza sativa L.) sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Karboksimetil Selulosa
PEMANFAATAN JERAMI PADI (Oryza sativa L.) SEBAGAI
BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN KARBOKSIMETIL SELULOSA
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Jerami padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan limbah pertanian yang dapat
dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber selulosa, mengandung selulosa 36%. Karboksimetil
selulosa merupakan eter polimer selulosa linier dan berupa senyawa anionik.
Tujuan: Untuk membuat Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) dari jerami padi dan
membandingkan karakteristik CMC jerami padi dengan CMC komersial.
Metode: Karboksimetil selulosa jerami padi (KSJP) dibuat dengan proses delignifikasi
untuk mendapatkan α-selulosa. Alfa selulosa yang diperoleh kemudian disintesis
menjadi karboksimetil selulosa dengan cara alkalisasi dan karboksimetilasi. CMC yang
diperoleh dikarakterisasi meliputi organoleptik, pH, susut pengeringan, kadar abu total,
kelarutan zat dalam air, derajat substitusi, viskositas dengan viskometer, morfologi
dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), dan gugus fungsi dengan Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR).
Hasil: Karboksimetil selulosa jerami padi (KSJP) yang diperoleh dari bahan awal
jerami padi sebesar 7,12%. Hasil karakterisasi KSJP dan CMC komersial berturut-turut
meliputi organoleptik yaitu keduanya berwarna putih, tidak berbau dan tidak berasa; pH
7,2 dan 7,7; susut pengeringan 5,07 dan 4,75%; kadar abu total 0,47 dan 0,01%; zat
larut dalam air 0,03 dan 0,08%. Nilai viskositas 40 cps dan 2800 cps. hasil uji derajat
substitusi KSJP dan karboksimetil selulosa komersial berturut-turut 74,17% dan 121%.
Analisis FTIR KSJP dan CMC komersial yaitu keduanya memiliki gugus fungsi yang
sama dan analisis morfologi menunjukkan bentuk halus panjang dan membentuk sudut
yang tumpul.
Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa karboksimetil selulosa dapat
dibuat dari jerami padi dengan karakteristik yang memenuhi persyaratan USP 32-NF 27.
Kata kunci: α-selulosa, karboksimetil selulosa, jerami padi, karakteristik
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
THE USE OF PADDY STRAW (Oryza sativa L.) AS RAW MATERIAL TO
PREPARE CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
ABSTRACT
Background: Paddy straw (Oryza sativa L.) is agricultural waste which can be used as
the source of cellulose since it contains 36 % of cellulose. Carboxymeythyl cellulose is
a linear polymear cellulose ether and anionic compoud.
Objective: To make carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from paddy straw and to compare
the CMC characteristic of paddy straw with commercial CMC.
Method: Carboxymethyl cellulose of paddy straw (KSJP) was made by processing
delignifacation in order to obtain a-cellulose. The Alpha cellulose was synthesized to
carboxymethyl cellulose by alkalization method and the carboxymethyl. The CMC was
characterized with some parameter like an organoleptic, pH, drying contraction, total
ash content, substance solubility in water viscometer, morphology with Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM), and function cluser with Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrophotometer (FTIR).
Result: Carboxylmethyl cellulose of paddy straw (KSJP) which had been obtained from
the initial material of paddy straw was 7.12%. The Result of the characteristics of KSJP
and CMC respectively included organoleptic, both of them were white, odorless, and
tasteless; pH was 7.2 and 7.7; drying contractions was 5.07 and 4.75% ; total ash
content was 0.47 and 0.01% ; substance solubility in water was 0.03 and 0.08. Viscosity
value was 40 cps and 2,800 cps; the result of the subsitutions degree test of KSJP and
commercial carboxymethyl cellulose was 74.17% and 121% respectively. The result of
the analysis on FTIR, KSJP, and commercial CMC showed that both of them had the
same functional cluster, and the analysis on morphology indicated long and fine formed
obtuse angle.
Conclusion: The conclusions of the research was that Carboxymethyl Cellulose, could
be made from paddy straw with the characteristic of USP 32-NF 27.
Keywords: a-Cellulose, Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Paddy Staw, Characteristic.
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN KARBOKSIMETIL SELULOSA
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Jerami padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan limbah pertanian yang dapat
dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber selulosa, mengandung selulosa 36%. Karboksimetil
selulosa merupakan eter polimer selulosa linier dan berupa senyawa anionik.
Tujuan: Untuk membuat Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) dari jerami padi dan
membandingkan karakteristik CMC jerami padi dengan CMC komersial.
Metode: Karboksimetil selulosa jerami padi (KSJP) dibuat dengan proses delignifikasi
untuk mendapatkan α-selulosa. Alfa selulosa yang diperoleh kemudian disintesis
menjadi karboksimetil selulosa dengan cara alkalisasi dan karboksimetilasi. CMC yang
diperoleh dikarakterisasi meliputi organoleptik, pH, susut pengeringan, kadar abu total,
kelarutan zat dalam air, derajat substitusi, viskositas dengan viskometer, morfologi
dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), dan gugus fungsi dengan Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR).
Hasil: Karboksimetil selulosa jerami padi (KSJP) yang diperoleh dari bahan awal
jerami padi sebesar 7,12%. Hasil karakterisasi KSJP dan CMC komersial berturut-turut
meliputi organoleptik yaitu keduanya berwarna putih, tidak berbau dan tidak berasa; pH
7,2 dan 7,7; susut pengeringan 5,07 dan 4,75%; kadar abu total 0,47 dan 0,01%; zat
larut dalam air 0,03 dan 0,08%. Nilai viskositas 40 cps dan 2800 cps. hasil uji derajat
substitusi KSJP dan karboksimetil selulosa komersial berturut-turut 74,17% dan 121%.
Analisis FTIR KSJP dan CMC komersial yaitu keduanya memiliki gugus fungsi yang
sama dan analisis morfologi menunjukkan bentuk halus panjang dan membentuk sudut
yang tumpul.
Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa karboksimetil selulosa dapat
dibuat dari jerami padi dengan karakteristik yang memenuhi persyaratan USP 32-NF 27.
Kata kunci: α-selulosa, karboksimetil selulosa, jerami padi, karakteristik
vi
Universitas Sumatera Utara
THE USE OF PADDY STRAW (Oryza sativa L.) AS RAW MATERIAL TO
PREPARE CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
ABSTRACT
Background: Paddy straw (Oryza sativa L.) is agricultural waste which can be used as
the source of cellulose since it contains 36 % of cellulose. Carboxymeythyl cellulose is
a linear polymear cellulose ether and anionic compoud.
Objective: To make carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from paddy straw and to compare
the CMC characteristic of paddy straw with commercial CMC.
Method: Carboxymethyl cellulose of paddy straw (KSJP) was made by processing
delignifacation in order to obtain a-cellulose. The Alpha cellulose was synthesized to
carboxymethyl cellulose by alkalization method and the carboxymethyl. The CMC was
characterized with some parameter like an organoleptic, pH, drying contraction, total
ash content, substance solubility in water viscometer, morphology with Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM), and function cluser with Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrophotometer (FTIR).
Result: Carboxylmethyl cellulose of paddy straw (KSJP) which had been obtained from
the initial material of paddy straw was 7.12%. The Result of the characteristics of KSJP
and CMC respectively included organoleptic, both of them were white, odorless, and
tasteless; pH was 7.2 and 7.7; drying contractions was 5.07 and 4.75% ; total ash
content was 0.47 and 0.01% ; substance solubility in water was 0.03 and 0.08. Viscosity
value was 40 cps and 2,800 cps; the result of the subsitutions degree test of KSJP and
commercial carboxymethyl cellulose was 74.17% and 121% respectively. The result of
the analysis on FTIR, KSJP, and commercial CMC showed that both of them had the
same functional cluster, and the analysis on morphology indicated long and fine formed
obtuse angle.
Conclusion: The conclusions of the research was that Carboxymethyl Cellulose, could
be made from paddy straw with the characteristic of USP 32-NF 27.
Keywords: a-Cellulose, Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Paddy Staw, Characteristic.
vii
Universitas Sumatera Utara