Common-core Grammar for the First Year of English Department Students
Workbook
STRUCTURE 1
Material for Semester One of the
English Department Structure Series
Developed from the Common-core Grammar
Bambang Sugeng
English Department
Faculty of Languages and Arts
Yogyakarta State University
2010
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................
FOREWORD ...........................................................................................................
CONTENTS ..............................................................................................................
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................
iii
iv
v
vii
LESSON
ONE
CAPITAL LETTERS, FULL STOPS, AND QUESTION MARKS …
The Punctuation of Simple Sentences ............................................
The Punctuation of Compound Sentences .....................................
Capital Letters ................................................................................
1
1
3
5
TWO
SUBJECT-VERB CONCORD ........................................................... 7
The Meaning of the Word Concord ............................................... 7
Finite Verbs .................................................................................... 8
Concord between Subjects and Verbs ............................................ 10
The Finite Forms of Be .................................................................. 11
Formal There .................................................................................. 13
THREE
CONCORD OF MASCULINE AND FEMININE PRONOUNS ......
Male and Female Pronouns ............................................................
The Subject Form and the Oblique Form ......................................
The Attributive Possessive Form ...................................................
The Independent Possessive Form .................................................
15
15
17
18
19
FOUR
FINITE AND NON-FINITE VERBS .................................................
Review ...........................................................................................
The English Verb Forms ................................................................
Finite Verbs in Simple Sentences ...................................................
Simple Sentences and Compound Sentences .................................
The Copulative Verbs ....................................................................
23
23
24
26
26
28
FIVE
CONCORD OF SINGULAR AND PLURAL PRONOUNS .............
Review ...........................................................................................
The Pronoun It ...............................................................................
The pronoun I .................................................................................
The pronoun We .............................................................................
The pronoun They .........................................................................
The pronoun You ...........................................................................
31
31
32
34
34
35
36
SIX
CONCORD TENSES .......................................................................... 39
The Present and Past Tenses .......................................................... 39
The use of Tenses in Textbooks ..................................................... 42
SEVEN
CONCORD:DETERMINER AND SINGULAR
COUNTABLE NOUN .........................................................................
Review ...........................................................................................
A/An with Singular Countable Nouns ............................................
Some other D-items .......................................................................
The D-item The ...............................................................................
45
45
46
48
49
EIGHT
CONCORD OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE ............................................
Review ...........................................................................................
The Finite Verbs in a Story .............................................................
The Use of Different Tenses ..........................................................
53
53
54
57
NINE
OMISSION OF A/AN AND THE ........................................................ 59
Review ...........................................................................................
When to Leave out a/an and the .....................................................
Double Determiners ....................................................................
Uncountable Nouns ...................................................................
Plural Nouns ..............................................................................
Capital-letter Nouns ..................................................................
Listed Nouns .............................................................................
Summary .......................................................................................
Redundancy ...................................................................................
59
60
60
61
61
61
62
62
63
TEN
FINITE AND NON-FINITE VERB FORMS .......................................
Review .............................................................................................
Non-finite Verbs ...............................................................................
Regular Forms ..................................................................................
Irregular Forms .................................................................................
Special Forms .................................................................................
65
65
66
67
68
68
ELEVEN
VERBAL QUESTIONS ......................................................................
Review ...........................................................................................
Verbal and Pronominal Questions....................................................
Differences ..................................................................................
Two Types of Predicates ...........................................................
Forming Verbal Questions ........................................................
71
71
72
72
73
73
TWELVE
PRONOMINAL QUESTIONS ...........................................................
Review ...........................................................................................
Forming Pronominal Questions.......................................................
Pronominal Subject Questions ........................................................
The Question Mark .......................................................................
77
77
78
81
82
THIRTEEN
CONCORD: DETERMININERS AND PLURAL NOUNS ...............
Review ...........................................................................................
Determiners and Plural Countable Nouns........................................
Numbers ......................................................................................
These, those, many, a few ..........................................................
Both ...........................................................................................
Selected Countable Nouns ............................................................
Singular and Plural ........................................................................
83
83
84
84
84
84
85
88
FOURTEEN CONCORD: DETERMINERS AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS ....
Review ...........................................................................................
Uncountable Nouns..........................................................................
The Determiner Much .....................................................................
Counting Uncountable Nouns (!) ...................................................
89
89
91
92
93
FIFTEEN
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS ..............................................................
Review ...........................................................................................
First Type of Negative Statements ................................................
Second Type of Negative Statements ............................................
Summary..........................................................................................
95
95
97
98
99
SIXTEEN
PUNCTUATION AND SPELLING .................................................. 101
Punctuation: The Possessive Apostrophe ....................................... 101
Singular Nouns .......................................................................... 102
Plural Nouns .............................................................................. 102
Irregular Forms .......................................................................... 103
Pronouns ....................................................................................... 105
Spelling: i Before e Except After c ............................................... 106
Their-There; Then-Than ................................................................ 107
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 109
STRUCTURE 1
Material for Semester One of the
English Department Structure Series
Developed from the Common-core Grammar
Bambang Sugeng
English Department
Faculty of Languages and Arts
Yogyakarta State University
2010
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................
FOREWORD ...........................................................................................................
CONTENTS ..............................................................................................................
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................
iii
iv
v
vii
LESSON
ONE
CAPITAL LETTERS, FULL STOPS, AND QUESTION MARKS …
The Punctuation of Simple Sentences ............................................
The Punctuation of Compound Sentences .....................................
Capital Letters ................................................................................
1
1
3
5
TWO
SUBJECT-VERB CONCORD ........................................................... 7
The Meaning of the Word Concord ............................................... 7
Finite Verbs .................................................................................... 8
Concord between Subjects and Verbs ............................................ 10
The Finite Forms of Be .................................................................. 11
Formal There .................................................................................. 13
THREE
CONCORD OF MASCULINE AND FEMININE PRONOUNS ......
Male and Female Pronouns ............................................................
The Subject Form and the Oblique Form ......................................
The Attributive Possessive Form ...................................................
The Independent Possessive Form .................................................
15
15
17
18
19
FOUR
FINITE AND NON-FINITE VERBS .................................................
Review ...........................................................................................
The English Verb Forms ................................................................
Finite Verbs in Simple Sentences ...................................................
Simple Sentences and Compound Sentences .................................
The Copulative Verbs ....................................................................
23
23
24
26
26
28
FIVE
CONCORD OF SINGULAR AND PLURAL PRONOUNS .............
Review ...........................................................................................
The Pronoun It ...............................................................................
The pronoun I .................................................................................
The pronoun We .............................................................................
The pronoun They .........................................................................
The pronoun You ...........................................................................
31
31
32
34
34
35
36
SIX
CONCORD TENSES .......................................................................... 39
The Present and Past Tenses .......................................................... 39
The use of Tenses in Textbooks ..................................................... 42
SEVEN
CONCORD:DETERMINER AND SINGULAR
COUNTABLE NOUN .........................................................................
Review ...........................................................................................
A/An with Singular Countable Nouns ............................................
Some other D-items .......................................................................
The D-item The ...............................................................................
45
45
46
48
49
EIGHT
CONCORD OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE ............................................
Review ...........................................................................................
The Finite Verbs in a Story .............................................................
The Use of Different Tenses ..........................................................
53
53
54
57
NINE
OMISSION OF A/AN AND THE ........................................................ 59
Review ...........................................................................................
When to Leave out a/an and the .....................................................
Double Determiners ....................................................................
Uncountable Nouns ...................................................................
Plural Nouns ..............................................................................
Capital-letter Nouns ..................................................................
Listed Nouns .............................................................................
Summary .......................................................................................
Redundancy ...................................................................................
59
60
60
61
61
61
62
62
63
TEN
FINITE AND NON-FINITE VERB FORMS .......................................
Review .............................................................................................
Non-finite Verbs ...............................................................................
Regular Forms ..................................................................................
Irregular Forms .................................................................................
Special Forms .................................................................................
65
65
66
67
68
68
ELEVEN
VERBAL QUESTIONS ......................................................................
Review ...........................................................................................
Verbal and Pronominal Questions....................................................
Differences ..................................................................................
Two Types of Predicates ...........................................................
Forming Verbal Questions ........................................................
71
71
72
72
73
73
TWELVE
PRONOMINAL QUESTIONS ...........................................................
Review ...........................................................................................
Forming Pronominal Questions.......................................................
Pronominal Subject Questions ........................................................
The Question Mark .......................................................................
77
77
78
81
82
THIRTEEN
CONCORD: DETERMININERS AND PLURAL NOUNS ...............
Review ...........................................................................................
Determiners and Plural Countable Nouns........................................
Numbers ......................................................................................
These, those, many, a few ..........................................................
Both ...........................................................................................
Selected Countable Nouns ............................................................
Singular and Plural ........................................................................
83
83
84
84
84
84
85
88
FOURTEEN CONCORD: DETERMINERS AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS ....
Review ...........................................................................................
Uncountable Nouns..........................................................................
The Determiner Much .....................................................................
Counting Uncountable Nouns (!) ...................................................
89
89
91
92
93
FIFTEEN
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS ..............................................................
Review ...........................................................................................
First Type of Negative Statements ................................................
Second Type of Negative Statements ............................................
Summary..........................................................................................
95
95
97
98
99
SIXTEEN
PUNCTUATION AND SPELLING .................................................. 101
Punctuation: The Possessive Apostrophe ....................................... 101
Singular Nouns .......................................................................... 102
Plural Nouns .............................................................................. 102
Irregular Forms .......................................................................... 103
Pronouns ....................................................................................... 105
Spelling: i Before e Except After c ............................................... 106
Their-There; Then-Than ................................................................ 107
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 109