ENGLISH QUALITY OF THE FIRST YEAR OF STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET.
ENGLISH QUALITY OF THE FIRST YEAR OF STUDENTS
OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES,
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
THESIS
Submitted to Meet a Part of the Requirements for the Sarjana Sastra Degree
from English Department Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Universitas Sebelas Maret
by:
MAWARROSSA QURROTA A’YUN
C1314006
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2016
ii
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT
Name : Mawarrossa Qurrota A’yun
NIM
: C1314006
Stated truthfully that this thesis entitled English Quality of the First Year of
Students of English Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas
Sebelas Maret is originally created by the researcher. It is neither plagiarism nor
made by others. The things that are related to other researchers’ works are written in
quotation and included in the references.
If it is proven incorrect in the future, the researcher is ready to take the
responsibility.
Surakarta, July 2016
The researcher
Mawarrossa Qurrota A’yun
iv
MOTTO
Verily, after every difficulty there is relief
(Quran. Al-Sharh, 5 | Hijri Dates)
Whoever beautifies himself on the inside,
Allah will beautify him on the outside.
(Ali bin Abi Thalib)
Life is beautiful but it isn’t always easy.
We must learn to take the good with the bad,
hang in there and always remember,
tomorrow is a brand new day.
(Rose Hill, 2014)
In solitude there is healing. Speak to your soul.
Listen to your heart. Sometimes in the absence of noise
we find the answers. (Dodinsky)
v
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
My parents (Ayah & Umi)
and
My siblings (Yaya & Rira)
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillaahirobbil’aalamiinn, all praises to Allah SWT and Muhammad
SAW for the help and easiness that finally I can finish my thesis as the requirement of
the Sarjana Degree. Many people helped me for accomplishing this thesis with their
supports, knowledge, prays, and also encouragements which were very important for
me; without their contributions, my thesis would never be fulfilled.
On this opportunity, I would like to say my deepest gratefulness to:
1. The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed.,
Ph.D. for approving my thesis.
2. The Head of English Department of Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Drs. Agus
Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D. for supporting the fulfillment of my thesis.
3. My thesis supervisor, Prof. Dr. Djatmika, M.A. for his time, advice, guidance,
and kindness on assisting me during my writing. I am very grateful for his
advices and knowledge.
4. My academic supervisor, Ida Kusuma Dewi, S.S., M.A. for the guidance
during my study in English Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences,
Universitas Sebelas Maret.
5. All of lecturers of English Department for giving me precious time and
knowledge during my study.
vii
6. My parents, Ayah and Umi for their pray, advice, support, and encouragement
in my whole time; and also, my siblings, Yaya and Rira for their enthusiasm
and jokes which make me happy all the time.
7. All of my friends of English Department Non Regular Program 2014 for the
unforgettable moments during our study here for two years.
8. My closest friend, Naufal Afif, for his support and motivation during my
study either in UGM or UNS for this long time.
My thesis is not perfect, so all criticism and suggestion would be gladly
accepted. I hope that this thesis would be valuable for the readers and also the future
researchers.
Mawarrossa Qurrota A’yun
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE ......................................................................................................
i
THESIS APPROVAL ...........................................................................................
ii
BOARD OF EXAMINERS APPROVAL ............................................................
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ...........................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ................................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION ......................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................
ix
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................
xii
LIST OF DIAGRAMS ..........................................................................................
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES ...............................................................................................
xiv
ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................
xv
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ...............................................................
1
1. Research Background ....................................................................................
1
2. Research Objectives ........................................................................................ 4
3. Research Questions ......................................................................................... 4
4. Research Benefits ............................................................................................ 5
5. Scope of Research ...........................................................................................
6
6. Thesis Organization ........................................................................................ 7
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................
8
1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 8
2. Word Construction .........................................................................................
8
2.1 Morphology ..............................................................................................
8
2.2 Morphological Errors ............................................................................... 11
ix
3. Narrative Writing ...........................................................................................
12
3.1 Common Writing Mistakes ...................................................................... 13
4. Error and Mistake ..........................................................................................
16
4.1 The Difference of Error and Mistake .....................................................
16
4.2 The Factors Causing Error and Mistake ................................................ 17
5. First Language ................................................................................................
18
6. Second Language Acquisition ........................................................................ 19
7. Language and Gender ....................................................................................
20
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................. 22
1. Research Design ..............................................................................................
22
2. Research Location ..........................................................................................
23
3. Data and Source of Data ................................................................................
24
4. Sample and Sampling Technique ..................................................................
25
5. Technique of Collecting Data ........................................................................
26
6. Technique of Coding Data .............................................................................
27
7. Technique of Analyzing Data ........................................................................
29
7.1 Domain Analysis .......................................................................................
30
7.2 Taxonomy Analysis ..................................................................................
31
7.3 Componential Analysis ............................................................................
32
7.4 Finding Cultural Values ..........................................................................
33
CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ......................................
34
1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 34
2. Findings ...........................................................................................................
35
2.1 Error Findings ..........................................................................................
36
2.1.1 Substitution of Simple Non Past .................................................... 37
2.1.2 Omission of –ed (Simple Past Tense Incorrectness) ....................
x
39
2.1.3 Omission of ‘s ..................................................................................
41
2.1.4 Substitution of Past Participle .......................................................
43
2.1.5 a Used for an before Vowels ..........................................................
44
2.1.6 Omission of –ed (Past Participle Incorrectness) ..........................
46
2.2 Mistake Findings ......................................................................................
47
2.2.1 Use of the Wrong Tense and Form ...............................................
49
2.2.2 Misspell of Words ...........................................................................
51
2.2.3 Omission of the –s, -es, or –ies of the Plural Form ......................
53
2.2.4 Omission of the –d or –ed of the Past Tense .................................
54
2.2.5 Unnecessary Articles ......................................................................
56
2.2.6 Using a Double Comparative ......................................................... 57
2.2.7 Omission of Articles ........................................................................ 59
3. Discussion ........................................................................................................
60
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ............................
77
1. Conclusion .......................................................................................................
77
2. Suggestions ......................................................................................................
79
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................
81
APPENDIXES ...................................................................................................... 84
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 Types of Error Classification ..................................................................
36
Table 4.2 Factors of Error Classification ................................................................
37
Table 4.3 Example of Substitution of Simple Non Past Error ................................
38
Table 4.4 Example of Omission of –ed Error .........................................................
40
Table 4.5 Example of Omission of ‘s Error ............................................................
41
Table 4.6 Example of Substitution of Past Participle Error ....................................
43
Table 4.7 Example of a Used for an before Vowels ............................................... 45
Table 4.8 Example of Omission of –ed Error .........................................................
46
Table 4.9 Types of Mistake Classification .............................................................. 48
Table 4.10 Factors of Mistake Classification .......................................................... 49
Table 4.11 Example of Use of the Wrong Tense and Form Mistake ...................... 50
Table 4.12 Example of Misspell of Words Mistake ...............................................
51
Table 4.13 Example of Omission of the –s, -es, or –ies of
the Plural Form Mistake ....................................................................... 53
Table 4.14 Example of Omission of the –d or –ed of the Past Tense Mistake .......
55
Table 4.15 Example of Unnecessary Articles Mistake ...........................................
56
Table 4.16 Example of Using a Double Comparative Mistake ..............................
58
Table 4.17 Example of Omission of Articles Mistake ............................................ 59
Table 4.18 Componential Analysis of Errors Classification ................................... 61
Table 4.19 Componential Analysis of the Types of Error ......................................
66
Table 4.20 Componential Analysis of the Factors of Error ....................................
68
Table 4.21 Componential Analysis of Mistakes Classification ..............................
70
Table 4.22 Componential Analysis of Types of Mistake ........................................ 72
Table 4.23 Componential Analysis of Factors of Mistake ...................................... 73
xii
LIST OF DIAGRAMS
Diagram 4.1 Substitution of Simple Non Past Error ............................................... 39
Diagram 4.2 Omission of –ed Error ........................................................................ 40
Diagram 4.3 Omission of ‘s Error ........................................................................... 42
Diagram 4.4 Substitution of Past Participle Error ................................................... 44
Diagram 4.5 A Used for an before Vowels Error .................................................... 45
Diagram 4.6 Omission of –ed Error ........................................................................ 47
Diagram 4.7 Use of the Wrong Tense and Form ....................................................
51
Diagram 4.8 Misspell of Words ..............................................................................
52
Diagram 4.9 Omission of the –s, -es, or –ies of the Plural Form ............................ 54
Diagram 4.10 Omission of the –d or –ed of the Past Tense .................................... 56
Diagram 4.11 Unnecessary Articles ........................................................................ 57
Diagram 4.12 Using a Double Comparative ...........................................................
58
Diagram 4.13 Omission of Articles ........................................................................
60
Diagram 4.14 Female and Male Students in the Types of Error and its Factors ....
74
Diagram 4.15 Female and Male Students in the Types of Mistake and its Factors
74
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1 Spradley’s Content Analysis .................................................................. 30
Figure 3.2 Finding Cultural Values ......................................................................... 33
xiv
English Quality of the First Year of Students of English Department,
Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Mawarrossa Qurrota A’yun
ABSTRACT
This thesis focuses on the English quality of 30 students in their first year in
English Department, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta especially in their errors
and mistakes in narrative writing test conducted by the researcher. There are six
types of error and seven types of mistakes made by the student due to four factors
causing their errors and mistakes.
The aims of the study are to find the students’ ability and quality in their
English skill especially in writing a narrative text and to know their capability in
word construction particularly in simple past tense.
This thesis employs a descriptive qualitative method and also ethnographic
method. The research location of this thesis was document/media which were from
the outputs/the result from the writing test done by the 30 students. The data were
collected from the students’ writing test conducted by the researcher.
The result of data analysis shows that: 1) Substitution of Simple Non Past
dominates the types of error produced by the students. 2) Use of the Wrong Tense
and Form dominates the types of mistake made by the students in their narrative
writing test. 3) The factor causing their error is Ignorance of Rule Restriction due to
their lack of knowledge in English language especially in past tense. 4) The factor
causing their mistake is Incomplete Application of Rule because of their fatigue or
inattention and their failure to develop the structure of past tense fully. 5) The group
of male students dominate the errors, while the group of female students dominate the
mistakes.
The conclusion is the most type of error produced by the students is
Substitution of Simple Non Past; the most type of mistake made by the students is
Use of the Wrong Tense and Form. It is because they have lack of knowlegde in
English especially in past tense structure and failed to make past tense in their verb.
That is why the factors causing their error and mistake are Ignorance of Rule
Restriction and Incomplete Application of Rule.
xv
OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES,
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
THESIS
Submitted to Meet a Part of the Requirements for the Sarjana Sastra Degree
from English Department Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Universitas Sebelas Maret
by:
MAWARROSSA QURROTA A’YUN
C1314006
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2016
ii
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT
Name : Mawarrossa Qurrota A’yun
NIM
: C1314006
Stated truthfully that this thesis entitled English Quality of the First Year of
Students of English Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas
Sebelas Maret is originally created by the researcher. It is neither plagiarism nor
made by others. The things that are related to other researchers’ works are written in
quotation and included in the references.
If it is proven incorrect in the future, the researcher is ready to take the
responsibility.
Surakarta, July 2016
The researcher
Mawarrossa Qurrota A’yun
iv
MOTTO
Verily, after every difficulty there is relief
(Quran. Al-Sharh, 5 | Hijri Dates)
Whoever beautifies himself on the inside,
Allah will beautify him on the outside.
(Ali bin Abi Thalib)
Life is beautiful but it isn’t always easy.
We must learn to take the good with the bad,
hang in there and always remember,
tomorrow is a brand new day.
(Rose Hill, 2014)
In solitude there is healing. Speak to your soul.
Listen to your heart. Sometimes in the absence of noise
we find the answers. (Dodinsky)
v
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
My parents (Ayah & Umi)
and
My siblings (Yaya & Rira)
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillaahirobbil’aalamiinn, all praises to Allah SWT and Muhammad
SAW for the help and easiness that finally I can finish my thesis as the requirement of
the Sarjana Degree. Many people helped me for accomplishing this thesis with their
supports, knowledge, prays, and also encouragements which were very important for
me; without their contributions, my thesis would never be fulfilled.
On this opportunity, I would like to say my deepest gratefulness to:
1. The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed.,
Ph.D. for approving my thesis.
2. The Head of English Department of Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Drs. Agus
Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D. for supporting the fulfillment of my thesis.
3. My thesis supervisor, Prof. Dr. Djatmika, M.A. for his time, advice, guidance,
and kindness on assisting me during my writing. I am very grateful for his
advices and knowledge.
4. My academic supervisor, Ida Kusuma Dewi, S.S., M.A. for the guidance
during my study in English Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences,
Universitas Sebelas Maret.
5. All of lecturers of English Department for giving me precious time and
knowledge during my study.
vii
6. My parents, Ayah and Umi for their pray, advice, support, and encouragement
in my whole time; and also, my siblings, Yaya and Rira for their enthusiasm
and jokes which make me happy all the time.
7. All of my friends of English Department Non Regular Program 2014 for the
unforgettable moments during our study here for two years.
8. My closest friend, Naufal Afif, for his support and motivation during my
study either in UGM or UNS for this long time.
My thesis is not perfect, so all criticism and suggestion would be gladly
accepted. I hope that this thesis would be valuable for the readers and also the future
researchers.
Mawarrossa Qurrota A’yun
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE ......................................................................................................
i
THESIS APPROVAL ...........................................................................................
ii
BOARD OF EXAMINERS APPROVAL ............................................................
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ...........................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ................................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION ......................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................
ix
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................
xii
LIST OF DIAGRAMS ..........................................................................................
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES ...............................................................................................
xiv
ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................
xv
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ...............................................................
1
1. Research Background ....................................................................................
1
2. Research Objectives ........................................................................................ 4
3. Research Questions ......................................................................................... 4
4. Research Benefits ............................................................................................ 5
5. Scope of Research ...........................................................................................
6
6. Thesis Organization ........................................................................................ 7
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................
8
1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 8
2. Word Construction .........................................................................................
8
2.1 Morphology ..............................................................................................
8
2.2 Morphological Errors ............................................................................... 11
ix
3. Narrative Writing ...........................................................................................
12
3.1 Common Writing Mistakes ...................................................................... 13
4. Error and Mistake ..........................................................................................
16
4.1 The Difference of Error and Mistake .....................................................
16
4.2 The Factors Causing Error and Mistake ................................................ 17
5. First Language ................................................................................................
18
6. Second Language Acquisition ........................................................................ 19
7. Language and Gender ....................................................................................
20
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................. 22
1. Research Design ..............................................................................................
22
2. Research Location ..........................................................................................
23
3. Data and Source of Data ................................................................................
24
4. Sample and Sampling Technique ..................................................................
25
5. Technique of Collecting Data ........................................................................
26
6. Technique of Coding Data .............................................................................
27
7. Technique of Analyzing Data ........................................................................
29
7.1 Domain Analysis .......................................................................................
30
7.2 Taxonomy Analysis ..................................................................................
31
7.3 Componential Analysis ............................................................................
32
7.4 Finding Cultural Values ..........................................................................
33
CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ......................................
34
1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 34
2. Findings ...........................................................................................................
35
2.1 Error Findings ..........................................................................................
36
2.1.1 Substitution of Simple Non Past .................................................... 37
2.1.2 Omission of –ed (Simple Past Tense Incorrectness) ....................
x
39
2.1.3 Omission of ‘s ..................................................................................
41
2.1.4 Substitution of Past Participle .......................................................
43
2.1.5 a Used for an before Vowels ..........................................................
44
2.1.6 Omission of –ed (Past Participle Incorrectness) ..........................
46
2.2 Mistake Findings ......................................................................................
47
2.2.1 Use of the Wrong Tense and Form ...............................................
49
2.2.2 Misspell of Words ...........................................................................
51
2.2.3 Omission of the –s, -es, or –ies of the Plural Form ......................
53
2.2.4 Omission of the –d or –ed of the Past Tense .................................
54
2.2.5 Unnecessary Articles ......................................................................
56
2.2.6 Using a Double Comparative ......................................................... 57
2.2.7 Omission of Articles ........................................................................ 59
3. Discussion ........................................................................................................
60
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ............................
77
1. Conclusion .......................................................................................................
77
2. Suggestions ......................................................................................................
79
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................
81
APPENDIXES ...................................................................................................... 84
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 Types of Error Classification ..................................................................
36
Table 4.2 Factors of Error Classification ................................................................
37
Table 4.3 Example of Substitution of Simple Non Past Error ................................
38
Table 4.4 Example of Omission of –ed Error .........................................................
40
Table 4.5 Example of Omission of ‘s Error ............................................................
41
Table 4.6 Example of Substitution of Past Participle Error ....................................
43
Table 4.7 Example of a Used for an before Vowels ............................................... 45
Table 4.8 Example of Omission of –ed Error .........................................................
46
Table 4.9 Types of Mistake Classification .............................................................. 48
Table 4.10 Factors of Mistake Classification .......................................................... 49
Table 4.11 Example of Use of the Wrong Tense and Form Mistake ...................... 50
Table 4.12 Example of Misspell of Words Mistake ...............................................
51
Table 4.13 Example of Omission of the –s, -es, or –ies of
the Plural Form Mistake ....................................................................... 53
Table 4.14 Example of Omission of the –d or –ed of the Past Tense Mistake .......
55
Table 4.15 Example of Unnecessary Articles Mistake ...........................................
56
Table 4.16 Example of Using a Double Comparative Mistake ..............................
58
Table 4.17 Example of Omission of Articles Mistake ............................................ 59
Table 4.18 Componential Analysis of Errors Classification ................................... 61
Table 4.19 Componential Analysis of the Types of Error ......................................
66
Table 4.20 Componential Analysis of the Factors of Error ....................................
68
Table 4.21 Componential Analysis of Mistakes Classification ..............................
70
Table 4.22 Componential Analysis of Types of Mistake ........................................ 72
Table 4.23 Componential Analysis of Factors of Mistake ...................................... 73
xii
LIST OF DIAGRAMS
Diagram 4.1 Substitution of Simple Non Past Error ............................................... 39
Diagram 4.2 Omission of –ed Error ........................................................................ 40
Diagram 4.3 Omission of ‘s Error ........................................................................... 42
Diagram 4.4 Substitution of Past Participle Error ................................................... 44
Diagram 4.5 A Used for an before Vowels Error .................................................... 45
Diagram 4.6 Omission of –ed Error ........................................................................ 47
Diagram 4.7 Use of the Wrong Tense and Form ....................................................
51
Diagram 4.8 Misspell of Words ..............................................................................
52
Diagram 4.9 Omission of the –s, -es, or –ies of the Plural Form ............................ 54
Diagram 4.10 Omission of the –d or –ed of the Past Tense .................................... 56
Diagram 4.11 Unnecessary Articles ........................................................................ 57
Diagram 4.12 Using a Double Comparative ...........................................................
58
Diagram 4.13 Omission of Articles ........................................................................
60
Diagram 4.14 Female and Male Students in the Types of Error and its Factors ....
74
Diagram 4.15 Female and Male Students in the Types of Mistake and its Factors
74
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1 Spradley’s Content Analysis .................................................................. 30
Figure 3.2 Finding Cultural Values ......................................................................... 33
xiv
English Quality of the First Year of Students of English Department,
Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Mawarrossa Qurrota A’yun
ABSTRACT
This thesis focuses on the English quality of 30 students in their first year in
English Department, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta especially in their errors
and mistakes in narrative writing test conducted by the researcher. There are six
types of error and seven types of mistakes made by the student due to four factors
causing their errors and mistakes.
The aims of the study are to find the students’ ability and quality in their
English skill especially in writing a narrative text and to know their capability in
word construction particularly in simple past tense.
This thesis employs a descriptive qualitative method and also ethnographic
method. The research location of this thesis was document/media which were from
the outputs/the result from the writing test done by the 30 students. The data were
collected from the students’ writing test conducted by the researcher.
The result of data analysis shows that: 1) Substitution of Simple Non Past
dominates the types of error produced by the students. 2) Use of the Wrong Tense
and Form dominates the types of mistake made by the students in their narrative
writing test. 3) The factor causing their error is Ignorance of Rule Restriction due to
their lack of knowledge in English language especially in past tense. 4) The factor
causing their mistake is Incomplete Application of Rule because of their fatigue or
inattention and their failure to develop the structure of past tense fully. 5) The group
of male students dominate the errors, while the group of female students dominate the
mistakes.
The conclusion is the most type of error produced by the students is
Substitution of Simple Non Past; the most type of mistake made by the students is
Use of the Wrong Tense and Form. It is because they have lack of knowlegde in
English especially in past tense structure and failed to make past tense in their verb.
That is why the factors causing their error and mistake are Ignorance of Rule
Restriction and Incomplete Application of Rule.
xv