PROSTITUTION PHENOMENA REFLECTED AT HARUKI MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK NOVEL (2007): A FEMINIST Prostitution Phenomena Reflected At Haruki Murakami’s After Dark Novel (2007): A Feminist Approach.

PROSTITUTION PHENOMENA REFLECTED AT HARUKI
MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK NOVEL (2007): A FEMINIST
APPROACH

RESEARCH PAPER

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department

By:
ROSANTI DWI SEPTIYANI
A320110003

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015

APPROVAL

PROSTITUTION PHENOMENA REFLECTED AT HARUKI

MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK NOVEL (2007): A FEMINIST
APPROACH

RESEARCH PAPER

By:
ROSANTI DWI SEPTIYANI
A320110003

Approved to be Examined by Consultants

Consultant I

Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum. M.A
NIK. 772

Consultant II

Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M.A
NIK.948

ii

ACCEPTANCE

PROSTITUTION PHENOMENA REFLECTED AT HARUKI
MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK NOVEL (2007): A FEMINIST
APPROACH
By :

ROSANTI DWI SEPTIYANI
A320110003

Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
The Board of Examiners
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum. M.Ed
(Chair Person)

(

)

2. Titis Setyabudi, S.Si., M. Hum.
(Member I)

(

)

3. Dr. M. Thoyibi M.S
(Member II)

(

)

The dean of school of Teacher and Training and Education

Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno. M. Hum

NIK.19650428199303001

iii

TESTIMONY
I assert that there is no work that has been submitted to get bachelor degree in
any university in this research paper and as far as I concern, there is no work or
opinion have been written or published by someone else expect the written references
which are referred in this paper mentioned in the bibliography.
If only there will be any incorrectness proved in the future in my statement
above, I will be fully responsible.

Surakarta, 5 April 2015
The writer

ROSANTI DWI SEPTIYANI

iv

MOTTO

“If Think big, dream big, and do the best”

“Dream it, believe it, and make it happen” (Agnez Mo).

“Jika perpisahan adalah sebuah sumber ketakutan, maka yakinlah sekarang atau nanti
semua orang akan berpisah”(Sensei Alex)

“Jika kau menginginkan sesuatu dengan sepenuh hatimu, yakinlah bahwa semesta akan
mendukungmu untuk mewujudkannya” (Paulo Coelho)

v

DEDICATION

This little work is proudly dedicated to:



My parents Rosat (Alm) and Sri Rahayu for their support



My sister and her family : Rosita W, Hermanto, and their little Kinza



My sensei : Sensei Alex, senpai Dyah, and Bu Lusi



Marto Suyono family



My family in Dojo Bushido



All of my friends who support me

vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

AssalamualaikumWr. Wb.
AlhamdulillahiRabbil ‘Alamin, praised be to Allah S.W.T, the Merciful and
compassionate, Glorious, Lord of the Universe, who gives a million blessings,
miracles and uncountable gifts to the researcher, so she can accomplish her research
paper entitled “PROSTITUTION PHENOMENA REFLECTED AT HARUKI
MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK NOVEL (2007): A FEMINIST APPROACH”.
Peace and salutation always be given to Muhammad, the last messenger of
Allah, who will be hero for all his followers in the life after who guided the human
being from the darkness to the lightness. The writer realizes that this research paper
would never been possible without other people’s help, so that the writer would like
to express her gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. HarunJokoPrayitno. M. Hum, the Dean of the School of Teacher
Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hukmat, Ph.D, the chief of the Department of English
Education of Muhammdiyah University fo Surakarta,

vii

3. Dr. Phil. DewiCandraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed, the first consultant who has
given a valuable guidance and suggestion during the completion of this
research paper,
4. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M.Hum.,the second consultant, for being good
consultant and giving the researcher suggestion in correcting this research
paper,
5. Aryati Prasetyarini, S.Pd the academic adviser who has patiently guided the
researcher,
6. All of the lecturers of English Department, for precious knowledge,
experiences, and learn given to her,
7. The researcher’s beloved parents, Rosat (Alm) and Sri Rahayu, who have
given her many inspirations and teach her to never surrender.
8. The researcher beloved sister (Rosita Wahyuningsih) and her family
(Hermanto and Kinza), for the support they have given to her.
9. The researcher’s sensei and senpai in Dojo Bushido (sensei Alex, senpai
Dyah, and Bu Lusi) who teach her the power of dream and hard work.
10. The researcher’s friends in Dojo Bushido who give her a lot of memories she

will never forget.
11. The Naru Gank (Seruni, Tantec, Fiko, Hani, Meri, Budi, Heru and Jiux), for
their madness.
12. The reseacher’s close friends, Rinda, Linda, Baskoro, Icha, Imah, Gilang,
Rizka, and everyone who can not be written one by one.
viii

13. The reseacher’s friends in English Department.
14. The reseacher’s friends in MALIMPA.
15. The researcher’s precious one, a man with the perfect eyes who always
inspires her.
16. All of the people, who cannot be mentioned one by one, thanks for
everything. The researcher realizes that this research paper is still far from
being perfect, so all suggestions and criticisms for improving this research
accepted widely and happily.
WassalamualaikumWr. Wb.
Surakarta, ........................

Rosanti Dwi Septiyani

ix

SUMMARY

ROSANTI DWI SEPTIYANI, A 320 110 003. PROSTITUTION PHENOMENA
REFLECTED AT HARUKI MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK NOVEL (2007): A
FEMINIST APPROACH. RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMDIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2015
The major problem in this research is the existance of prostitution
phenomena in Japan as reflected in Haruki Murakami’s After Dark novel. The
research analyses Haruki Murakami’s After Dark novel to find out the structural
elements of the novel, and also to understand the existence of prostitution
phenomena in modern Japanese society based on feminist approach. In analysing the
novel, the reseacher uses qualitative method. The data are divided into two kinds
data, namely primary data and secondary data. The primary data sources is the novel
entitled After Dark by Haruki Murakami which is published in 2007. And the
secondary data is the sources which is related to the issue taken by reseacher, such as
the book of the theory namely feminism approach and other resources about
Japanese society during in the early of twenty one century.The method of getting
data is library research. However the descriptive analysis is the technique of data

analysis. The outcome of the study draws the following conclusions. Firstly, the
existence of prostitution phenomena in modern Japan society is placing women in
the second position under the man. Secondly, there are four factors that involve the
existence of prostitution in Japan .They are the men who buy commercial sex acts,
the exploiters who make up the sex industry, the states that are destination countries,
the culture that tolerates or promotes sexual exploitation. It also reveals the
perception of Japanese society about sex which is changing following the modernity
and making sex not taboo anymore.
Keywords: Prostitution, Japanese society, Feminist Approach

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TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ............................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE .............................................................................................. iii
TESTIMONY ................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO .......................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
SUMMARY .................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 1
A. Background of the Study ................................................................... 1
B. Literature Review .............................................................................. 8
C. Problem Statement ............................................................................ 9
D. Limitation of The Study .................................................................... 9
E. Objective of The Study ...................................................................... 10
F. Benefit of The Study ........................................................................ 10
G. Research Method............................................................................... 11
H. research paper organization ............................................................... 13
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY .................................................. 15
A. Notion of Feminism .......................................................................... 15
B. Major Principle in Feminism ............................................................ 17
1. Women’s Position ....................................................................... 17
2. Women’s Role ............................................................................ 18

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3. Women’s Right .......................................................................... 19
4. Women’s Participation ................................................................ 20
C. Notion of Issue .................................................................................. 20
1. The Notion of Prostitution............................................................. 20
a. The Men Who Buy Commercial Sex Acts ............................... 22
b. The Exploiters Who Make Up The Sex Industry ....................... 22
c. The State That Are Destination Countries ................................. 23
d. The Culture That Tolerates or Promotes Sexual
Exploitation .............................................................................. 23
D. Notion of Structural Elements .......................................................... 24
1. Character and Characterization ..................................................... 25
a. Major Character ...................................................................... 25
b. Minor Character ..................................................................... 25
2. Setting .......................................................................................... 25
3. Plot ............................................................................................... 26
4. Point Of View ............................................................................... 26
5. Style ............................................................................................. 27
6. Theme........................................................................................... 27
E. Theoritical Application...................................................................... 27
CHAPTER III: SOCIOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF JAPAN
IN THE BEGINNING OF 21TH CENTURY ......................................... 29
A. Political Background ......................................................................... 29
B. Economic Condition .......................................................................... 30
C. Cultural Aspect ................................................................................. 32
D. Religion ............................................................................................ 33
1. Shinto ......................................................................................... 34
2. Buddhism .................................................................................... 34
3. Christianity ................................................................................. 35
E. Social Aspect ................................................................................... 35

xii

1. The Decline of Population ........................................................... 36
2. Shuudanshugi as The Principle Of Life ........................................ 36
3. Ijime ............................................................................................ 37
4. Suicide ............................................................................................... 38
F. Japanese Women Condition .............................................................. 38
G. The Life of Haruki Murakami ........................................................... 40

CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS .............................................. 42
A. Structural Analysis of The Novel ...................................................... 42
1. Character and Characterization .................................................... 42
a. Major Character .................................................................... 42
b. Minor Character..................................................................... 45
2. Setting ......................................................................................... 51
a. Setting of Place ...................................................................... 51
b. Setting of Time ...................................................................... 55
3. Plot .............................................................................................. 55
a. Exposition ............................................................................. 55
b. Complication ......................................................................... 56
c. Cimax .................................................................................... 57
d. Resolution ............................................................................. 57
4. Style ........................................................................................... 57
5. Point of View .............................................................................. 61
6. Theme ......................................................................................... 61
7. Discussion ................................................................................... 66
CHAPTER V: FEMINISM ANALYSIS ...................................................... 67
A. FEMINISM ANALYSIS ................................................................... 67
1. Women’Position ......................................................................... 67
2. Women’s Role ............................................................................. 69
3. Women’s Right ........................................................................... 71
4. Women’s Participation ................................................................ 72
B. Analysis of Issue ............................................................................... 72

xiii

1. The Men Who Buy Commercial Sex Acts……………………. 73
2. The Exploiters Who Make Up The Sex Industry …………..... 74
3. The States That Are Destination Countries ……………….….. 76
4. The Culture That Tolerates or Promotes Sexual Exploitation ....... 77
C. Discussion ......................................................................................... 78
CHAPTER VI: SUGGESTION AND CONCLUSION .............................. 84
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 87
VIRTUAL REFFEERENCES ...................................................................... 89
APPENDIX ..................................................................................................... 91

xiv