Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transaksional terhadap Perilaku Cyberloafing pada PNS di Kantor Walikota Pematangsiantar Desima Verawaty Siregar dan Siti Zahreni
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abidin, Y. (2014). Desain sistem pembelajaran dalam konteks kurikulum 2013. Bandung: PT
Refika Aditama.
Admin. (2015, Juli 7). PNS ngefacebook dalam jam kerja . Retrieved Juli 7, 2015, from Dinas
Komunikasi dan Informatika Jawa Barat: http://diskominfo.jabarprov.go.id/pnsngefacebook-dalam-jam-kerja/#.VZtMZii_jIU
Anastasi, A., & Urbina, S. (1997). Psychological testing (7th ed). Upper Saddle River, New
Jersey: Simon & Schuster / A Viacom Company.
Antariksa, Y. (2012, April 23). 3 alasan penting kenapa akses internet kudu ditutup selama
jam kantor . Retrieved Maret 30, 2015, from Blog Strategi dan Manajemen:
http://strategimanajemen.net/2012/04/23/3-alasan-kenapa-akses-internet-kududitutup-selama-jam-kantor/
Askew, K. L. (2012, January). The relationship between cyberloafing and task performance
and an examination of the theory of planned behavior as a model of cyberloafing.
Scholar Commons .
Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. I. (1999). Re-examining the components of
transformational and transactional leadership using the multifactor leadership
questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , 72, 441462.
Azwar, S. (2010). Metode penelitian. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar.
Azwar, S. (2012). Metode penelitian. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar.
52
Bass, B. (2008). Bass & stogdill's handbook of leadership: Theory, research & managerial
Applications (4th ed). New York: The Free Press.
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expections. New York: Free Press.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. (1995). MLQ multifactor leadership questionnaire. Redwood City:
CA: Mind Garden.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed). New Jersey:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Blanchard, A. L., & Henle, C. A. (2008). Correlates of different forms of cyberloafing: The
role of norms and external locus of control. Computers in Human Behavior , 24,
1067-1084.
Blau, G., Yang, Y., & Ward-Cook, K. (2004). Testing a measure of cyberloafing. Journal of
Allied Health , 35, 9-17.
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
Chak, K., & Leung, L. (2004). Shyness and locus of control as predictors of internet
addiction and internet use. Cyberpsychology and Behavior , 7, 559-570.
Chen, J. V., & Charlie C., C. (2008). An empirical evaluation of key factors contributing to
internet abuse in the workplace. Industrial Management and Data Systems , 108, 87106.
Conlin, M. (2000, June 12). Bloomberg businessweek. Workers, Surf at Your Own Risk .
Emhan, A. (2012). Relationship among managerial support, job satisfaction and
organizational commitment: A comparative study of nonprofit, for profit and public
53
sectors in Turkey. International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology ,
2, 179-190.
Ergun Ozler, D. d. (2012). Cybeloafing phenomenon in organizations: Determinants and
impacts. International Journal of E-Business and E-Government Studies , 4(2), 1-15.
Fallows, D. (2002). Email at work. PEW Internet & America Life Project .
Garret, R. K., & Danziger, J. N. (2008). Disaffection or expected outcomes: Understanding
personal internet use during work. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication ,
13, 937-958.
Greenfield, D., & Davis, R. A. (2002). Lost in cyberspace: The web at work. Journal of
CyberPsychology and Behavior , 5, 347-353.
Hargis, M. B., Wyatt, J. D., & Piotrowski, C. (2001). Developing leaders: Examining the role
of transactional and transformational leadership across contexts business.
Organization Development Journal , 23 (9), 51-66.
Heidrajrahcman, & Husnan, S. (2000). Manajemen personalia. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Johnson, G. M., & Culpa. (2007). Dimensions of online behavior: Toward a user typology.
Cyberpsychology and Behavior , 6, 773-779.
Kamus
Besar
Bahasa
Indonesia .
(2008).
Retrieved
Maret
30,
2015,
from
http://kbbi.web.id/internet
Kim, & Byrne. (2011). Conceptualizing personal web usage in work contexts: A preliminary
framework. Computers in Human Behavior , 27, 2271-2283.
LaRose, R. (2010). The problem of media habits. Communication Theory , Vol. 20, 194-222.
54
Liberman, B., Seidman, G., Katelyn, Y. A., & Laura, E. B. (2011). Employee job attitudes
and organizational characteristics as predictiors of cyberloafing. Computers in
Human Behavior, 27, 2192-2199.
Lim, V. K. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job: Cyberloafing, neutralizing and
organizational justice. Journal of Organizational Behavior , Vol. 23, 675-694.
Lim, V. K., & Chen, D. J. (2009, November 11). Cyberloafing at the workplace: Gain or
drain on work? Behavior & Information Technology , 1-11.
Lim, V. K., & Teo, T. S. (2005). Prevelence, perceived seriousness, justification and
regulation of cyberloafing in Singapore: An exploratory study. Information &
Management Journal , 42 (8), 1081-1093.
Malholtra.
(2013).
Cyberloafing
-
a
holistic
perspective.
Episteme:
an
online
interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary & multi-cultural journal , 2 (3).
Manfaat internet bagi pengembangan perusahaan. (2012, Juli 19). Retrieved Maret 27, 2015,
from Ridwanaz.com: http://ridwanaz.com/teknologi/internet/manfaat-internet-bagipengembangan-perusahaan/
Nawawi, H. (2006). Evaluasi dan manajemen kinerja di lingkungan perusahaan dan industri.
Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada Univercity Press.
Odumeru, J. A. (2013). Transformational vs transactional leadership theories: Evidence in
literature. International Review of Management anda Business Research, 2 (2), 355361.
55
Olvista, T. (2015, Januari 6). 10 Manfaat internet dalam bidang pemerintahan. Retrieved
Maret 25, 2015, from olvista.com: http://olvista.com/teknologi/10-manfaat-internetdalam-bidang-pemerintahan/
Ozler, D. E., & Polat, G. (2012). Cyberloafing phenomenon in organizations: Determinants
and impacts. International Journal of eBusiness and eGovernment Studies , 4 (2), 115.
Pangerapan, S. A. (2015, Maret 23). Pengguna internet Indonesia tahun 2014, sebanyak 88,1
juta (34,9%). Retrieved Maret 24, 2015, from Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet
Indonesia:
http://www.apjii.or.id/v2/read/content/info-terkini/301/pengguna-
internet-indonesia-tahun-2014-sebanyak-88.html
Pengguna internet Indonesia 2012 capai 63 juta orang. (2012, Desember 12). Retrieved
Maret
24, 2015, from
Asosiasi
Penyelenggara
Jasa
Internet
Indonesia:
http://www.apjii.or.id/v2/read/article/apjii-at-media/138/pengguna-internetindonesia-2012-capai-63-juta-ora.html
Peterson, Dane K. (2002). Computer ethics: the influence of guidelines and universal moral
beliefs. Information Technology & People, 15 (4), 346-362.
Pradhan, S. (2013). Leadership and work deviant behaviours: the role of moral agents in
today's transactional world. Research paper management , 2 (6), 127-129.
Prayitno, Andi Budi. (2015, Mei 29). Separuh warga dunia terhubung ke internet, pengguna
di Indonesia 88 juta lebih . Retrieved Desember 3, 2015, from Suarababel.com:
http://suarababel.com/29/05/15/separuh-warga-dunia-terhubung-ke-internetpengguna-di-indonesia-88-juta-lebih/
56
Rivai, V., & Mulyadi, D. (2009). Kepemimpinan dan perilaku organisasi Edisi Kedua.
Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Robbins, S. P. (2006). Perilaku organisasi. Jakarta: PT Indeks Kelompok Gramedia.
Robbins, S. P. (2008). Perilaku organisasi Edisi ke-12. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Robinson, S., & Bennet, R. J. (1995). A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A
multidimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal , 38, 555-572.
Shamsudin, F. M., Subramaniam, C., & Alshuaibi, A. S. (2012). The effect of HR practices,
leadership style on cyberdeviance: The mediating role of organizational
commitment. Journal of Marketing and Management , 3 (1), 22-48.
Siagian. (2002). Meningkatkan produktivitas kerja. Yogyakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Stanton, J. M. (2002). Company profile of the frequent internet user. Communications of the
ACM , 6, 55-59.
Thoha, M. 2002. Perilaku organisasi. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Tika, M. P. (2006). Budaya organisasi dan peningkatan kinerja perusahaan. Jakarta: PT
Bumi Aksara.
Trevino, L. K., & Brown, M. E. (n.d.). The role of leaders in influencing unethical behavior
in the workplace. Managing Organizational Deviance , 69-87.
Vitak, J., Crouse, J., & LaRose, R. (2011). Personal internet use at work: Understanding
cyberslacking. Computers in Human Behavior , 1751-1759.
57
Wagner, D. T., Lim, V. K., Barnes, C. M., & Ferris, D. L. (2012). Lost sleep and
cyberloafing: Evidence from the laboratory and a daylight saving time quasiexperiment. Journal of Applied Psychology , 1-9.
Wahyuni, N. D. (2013, Juni 12). PNS wajib pakai alamat email pemerintah mulai 1 januari
2014.
Retrieved
Maret
24,
2015,
from
Liputan6:
http://bisnis.liputan6.com/read/613079/pns-wajib-pakai-alamat-email-pemerintahmulai-1-januari-2014.
Weatherbee, T. G. (2010). Counterproductive use of technology at work: Information and
communications technologies and cyberdeviancy. Human Resource Management
Review, 20, 35-44.
Weihrich, H., Cannice, M. V., & Koontz, H. (2008). Management (12th ed). New Delhi: Mc
Graw Hill.
Woon, I. M., & Loo Geok, P. (2004, December 10-11). Behavioral factors affecting internet
abuse in the workplace. Proceedings of the Third Annual on HCI Research in MIS .
58
Abidin, Y. (2014). Desain sistem pembelajaran dalam konteks kurikulum 2013. Bandung: PT
Refika Aditama.
Admin. (2015, Juli 7). PNS ngefacebook dalam jam kerja . Retrieved Juli 7, 2015, from Dinas
Komunikasi dan Informatika Jawa Barat: http://diskominfo.jabarprov.go.id/pnsngefacebook-dalam-jam-kerja/#.VZtMZii_jIU
Anastasi, A., & Urbina, S. (1997). Psychological testing (7th ed). Upper Saddle River, New
Jersey: Simon & Schuster / A Viacom Company.
Antariksa, Y. (2012, April 23). 3 alasan penting kenapa akses internet kudu ditutup selama
jam kantor . Retrieved Maret 30, 2015, from Blog Strategi dan Manajemen:
http://strategimanajemen.net/2012/04/23/3-alasan-kenapa-akses-internet-kududitutup-selama-jam-kantor/
Askew, K. L. (2012, January). The relationship between cyberloafing and task performance
and an examination of the theory of planned behavior as a model of cyberloafing.
Scholar Commons .
Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. I. (1999). Re-examining the components of
transformational and transactional leadership using the multifactor leadership
questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , 72, 441462.
Azwar, S. (2010). Metode penelitian. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar.
Azwar, S. (2012). Metode penelitian. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar.
52
Bass, B. (2008). Bass & stogdill's handbook of leadership: Theory, research & managerial
Applications (4th ed). New York: The Free Press.
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expections. New York: Free Press.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. (1995). MLQ multifactor leadership questionnaire. Redwood City:
CA: Mind Garden.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed). New Jersey:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Blanchard, A. L., & Henle, C. A. (2008). Correlates of different forms of cyberloafing: The
role of norms and external locus of control. Computers in Human Behavior , 24,
1067-1084.
Blau, G., Yang, Y., & Ward-Cook, K. (2004). Testing a measure of cyberloafing. Journal of
Allied Health , 35, 9-17.
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
Chak, K., & Leung, L. (2004). Shyness and locus of control as predictors of internet
addiction and internet use. Cyberpsychology and Behavior , 7, 559-570.
Chen, J. V., & Charlie C., C. (2008). An empirical evaluation of key factors contributing to
internet abuse in the workplace. Industrial Management and Data Systems , 108, 87106.
Conlin, M. (2000, June 12). Bloomberg businessweek. Workers, Surf at Your Own Risk .
Emhan, A. (2012). Relationship among managerial support, job satisfaction and
organizational commitment: A comparative study of nonprofit, for profit and public
53
sectors in Turkey. International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology ,
2, 179-190.
Ergun Ozler, D. d. (2012). Cybeloafing phenomenon in organizations: Determinants and
impacts. International Journal of E-Business and E-Government Studies , 4(2), 1-15.
Fallows, D. (2002). Email at work. PEW Internet & America Life Project .
Garret, R. K., & Danziger, J. N. (2008). Disaffection or expected outcomes: Understanding
personal internet use during work. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication ,
13, 937-958.
Greenfield, D., & Davis, R. A. (2002). Lost in cyberspace: The web at work. Journal of
CyberPsychology and Behavior , 5, 347-353.
Hargis, M. B., Wyatt, J. D., & Piotrowski, C. (2001). Developing leaders: Examining the role
of transactional and transformational leadership across contexts business.
Organization Development Journal , 23 (9), 51-66.
Heidrajrahcman, & Husnan, S. (2000). Manajemen personalia. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Johnson, G. M., & Culpa. (2007). Dimensions of online behavior: Toward a user typology.
Cyberpsychology and Behavior , 6, 773-779.
Kamus
Besar
Bahasa
Indonesia .
(2008).
Retrieved
Maret
30,
2015,
from
http://kbbi.web.id/internet
Kim, & Byrne. (2011). Conceptualizing personal web usage in work contexts: A preliminary
framework. Computers in Human Behavior , 27, 2271-2283.
LaRose, R. (2010). The problem of media habits. Communication Theory , Vol. 20, 194-222.
54
Liberman, B., Seidman, G., Katelyn, Y. A., & Laura, E. B. (2011). Employee job attitudes
and organizational characteristics as predictiors of cyberloafing. Computers in
Human Behavior, 27, 2192-2199.
Lim, V. K. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job: Cyberloafing, neutralizing and
organizational justice. Journal of Organizational Behavior , Vol. 23, 675-694.
Lim, V. K., & Chen, D. J. (2009, November 11). Cyberloafing at the workplace: Gain or
drain on work? Behavior & Information Technology , 1-11.
Lim, V. K., & Teo, T. S. (2005). Prevelence, perceived seriousness, justification and
regulation of cyberloafing in Singapore: An exploratory study. Information &
Management Journal , 42 (8), 1081-1093.
Malholtra.
(2013).
Cyberloafing
-
a
holistic
perspective.
Episteme:
an
online
interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary & multi-cultural journal , 2 (3).
Manfaat internet bagi pengembangan perusahaan. (2012, Juli 19). Retrieved Maret 27, 2015,
from Ridwanaz.com: http://ridwanaz.com/teknologi/internet/manfaat-internet-bagipengembangan-perusahaan/
Nawawi, H. (2006). Evaluasi dan manajemen kinerja di lingkungan perusahaan dan industri.
Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada Univercity Press.
Odumeru, J. A. (2013). Transformational vs transactional leadership theories: Evidence in
literature. International Review of Management anda Business Research, 2 (2), 355361.
55
Olvista, T. (2015, Januari 6). 10 Manfaat internet dalam bidang pemerintahan. Retrieved
Maret 25, 2015, from olvista.com: http://olvista.com/teknologi/10-manfaat-internetdalam-bidang-pemerintahan/
Ozler, D. E., & Polat, G. (2012). Cyberloafing phenomenon in organizations: Determinants
and impacts. International Journal of eBusiness and eGovernment Studies , 4 (2), 115.
Pangerapan, S. A. (2015, Maret 23). Pengguna internet Indonesia tahun 2014, sebanyak 88,1
juta (34,9%). Retrieved Maret 24, 2015, from Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet
Indonesia:
http://www.apjii.or.id/v2/read/content/info-terkini/301/pengguna-
internet-indonesia-tahun-2014-sebanyak-88.html
Pengguna internet Indonesia 2012 capai 63 juta orang. (2012, Desember 12). Retrieved
Maret
24, 2015, from
Asosiasi
Penyelenggara
Jasa
Internet
Indonesia:
http://www.apjii.or.id/v2/read/article/apjii-at-media/138/pengguna-internetindonesia-2012-capai-63-juta-ora.html
Peterson, Dane K. (2002). Computer ethics: the influence of guidelines and universal moral
beliefs. Information Technology & People, 15 (4), 346-362.
Pradhan, S. (2013). Leadership and work deviant behaviours: the role of moral agents in
today's transactional world. Research paper management , 2 (6), 127-129.
Prayitno, Andi Budi. (2015, Mei 29). Separuh warga dunia terhubung ke internet, pengguna
di Indonesia 88 juta lebih . Retrieved Desember 3, 2015, from Suarababel.com:
http://suarababel.com/29/05/15/separuh-warga-dunia-terhubung-ke-internetpengguna-di-indonesia-88-juta-lebih/
56
Rivai, V., & Mulyadi, D. (2009). Kepemimpinan dan perilaku organisasi Edisi Kedua.
Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Robbins, S. P. (2006). Perilaku organisasi. Jakarta: PT Indeks Kelompok Gramedia.
Robbins, S. P. (2008). Perilaku organisasi Edisi ke-12. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Robinson, S., & Bennet, R. J. (1995). A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A
multidimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal , 38, 555-572.
Shamsudin, F. M., Subramaniam, C., & Alshuaibi, A. S. (2012). The effect of HR practices,
leadership style on cyberdeviance: The mediating role of organizational
commitment. Journal of Marketing and Management , 3 (1), 22-48.
Siagian. (2002). Meningkatkan produktivitas kerja. Yogyakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Stanton, J. M. (2002). Company profile of the frequent internet user. Communications of the
ACM , 6, 55-59.
Thoha, M. 2002. Perilaku organisasi. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Tika, M. P. (2006). Budaya organisasi dan peningkatan kinerja perusahaan. Jakarta: PT
Bumi Aksara.
Trevino, L. K., & Brown, M. E. (n.d.). The role of leaders in influencing unethical behavior
in the workplace. Managing Organizational Deviance , 69-87.
Vitak, J., Crouse, J., & LaRose, R. (2011). Personal internet use at work: Understanding
cyberslacking. Computers in Human Behavior , 1751-1759.
57
Wagner, D. T., Lim, V. K., Barnes, C. M., & Ferris, D. L. (2012). Lost sleep and
cyberloafing: Evidence from the laboratory and a daylight saving time quasiexperiment. Journal of Applied Psychology , 1-9.
Wahyuni, N. D. (2013, Juni 12). PNS wajib pakai alamat email pemerintah mulai 1 januari
2014.
Retrieved
Maret
24,
2015,
from
Liputan6:
http://bisnis.liputan6.com/read/613079/pns-wajib-pakai-alamat-email-pemerintahmulai-1-januari-2014.
Weatherbee, T. G. (2010). Counterproductive use of technology at work: Information and
communications technologies and cyberdeviancy. Human Resource Management
Review, 20, 35-44.
Weihrich, H., Cannice, M. V., & Koontz, H. (2008). Management (12th ed). New Delhi: Mc
Graw Hill.
Woon, I. M., & Loo Geok, P. (2004, December 10-11). Behavioral factors affecting internet
abuse in the workplace. Proceedings of the Third Annual on HCI Research in MIS .
58