An Analysis Of Adjective Clauses Found In Jane Green’s Novel Another Piece Of My Heart
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Language is the most important thing in making interactions with other
people in all parts of the world. People can communicate with others either
spoken or written language by making statements, explaining report, and
expressing ideas. Without language, people will have never been able to have a
relation with others.
Winston and Rinehart (1993:21)say that language is the same no matter
what system of writing may be used to record it, just as a person is the same no
matter how you take his picture; the most of the languages that are spoken today
has been applied either in relatively recent times or not to all.
Yet another definition sees language as a system of communication that
enables humans to exchange verbal or symbolic utterances. This definition
stresses the social functions of language and the fact that humans use it to express
themselves and to manipulate objects in their environment. Functional theories of
grammar explain grammatical structures by their communicative functions, and
understand the grammatical structures of language to be the result of an adaptive
process by which grammar was "tailored" to serve the communicative needs of its
users.
A clause is included in English grammar. Generally, a clause is a group
of words containing a subject and a verb. It may be either a sentence, an
independent clause or a sentence-like construction within another sentence, a
dependent clause. If a clause can stand alone as a sentence it is an independent
1
clause. Some clauses, however, cannot stand alone as sentences: in this
case, they are dependent clauses or subordinate clauses.
Clauses can take the place of different parts of speech. Similarly, an
adjective clause can take the place of an adjective. Adjective clauses have a
subject and a verb (or predicate). They will start with a relative pronoun, like: that,
who, whom, whose, or which, or a relative adverb, like why, where, or when.
Adjective clauses function as an adjective and modify nouns and pronouns. They
are also called relative clauses.
Just as the other dependent clauses, the adjective clause does not express
a complete thought. It does not need commas separating it from the rest of the
sentence if it has essential information in it; that is if you need the information it
provides. If it gives additional information, then you use commas. A good way to
test for this is to leave out the clause, read the sentence, and see if the meaning of
the two sentences is different.
Many people are fairly comfortable with the idea of adjectives, but they
might not feel so confident when it comes to the idea of an adjective clause.
Adjective clauses come in a variety of forms; therefore, breaking down the study
into its basic components is essential to the proper learning of the form. Using
adjective clauses in everyday speech is a fairly common practice, as adjective
clauses add often crucial information to sentences. However, learning to
differentiate between the various types can be difficult. If a person is in a
positionwhere he or she has to decide which form the adjective clause is taking,
the person should consider the options carefully, and consult a grammar guide.
2
The writer chooses the novel named Another Piece of My Heart because
it contains a lot of adjective clauses. The writer wants to know what the dominant
of adjective clause found in the novel is.
1.2 Problem of the Study
The problem of this study can be defined as below:
1) How many adjective clauses found in the novel?
2) What is the dominant adjective clause found in the novel?
1.3 Scope of the Study
In English, there are many kinds of clauses, such as noun clause, adverbial
clause and adjective clause. In this study, the writer limits the analysis on
adjective clauses.
1.4 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study can be defined as below:
1.
To find out the adjective clauses in the novel.
2.
To find out the number of the dominant adjective clauses in the novel.
1.5 Method of the Study
The writer uses library research in writing this paper. Library research is
the technique of data collection by research to gather as much information
relevant to the topic. Source can be gotten from literature: scientific books,
journals, and other sources of suitable like internet.
The writer will collect all the required data from Jane Green’s novel
entitled Another Piece of My Heart. The data is sentences that contain adjective
3
clauses. There are about 413 adjective clauses found in the novel as the data
source.
The writer uses analysis method in analyzing the data. Analysis method
of research is where the person doing the research presents it in an analysis
manner. The analysis research designs enable researchers to analyze or present the
picture of a phenomenon or phenomena under investigation.
The steps or procedures in analyzing the data :
1. Reading Another Piece of My Heart novel.
2. Identifying the sentences contain adjective clause.
3. Classifying the adjective clauses.
4. Analyzing the data by counting the number of adjective clauses and the
dominant adjective clause into percentages of their usage in the novel.
To get the percentage of adjective clauses used in the novel, the writer
uses the Nawawi’s formula (1991:150) as the following:
�
�
X100% = N
X = Number of adjective clauses
Y = Total number of all data
N = Percentage of the adjective clauses
4
1.1 Background of the Study
Language is the most important thing in making interactions with other
people in all parts of the world. People can communicate with others either
spoken or written language by making statements, explaining report, and
expressing ideas. Without language, people will have never been able to have a
relation with others.
Winston and Rinehart (1993:21)say that language is the same no matter
what system of writing may be used to record it, just as a person is the same no
matter how you take his picture; the most of the languages that are spoken today
has been applied either in relatively recent times or not to all.
Yet another definition sees language as a system of communication that
enables humans to exchange verbal or symbolic utterances. This definition
stresses the social functions of language and the fact that humans use it to express
themselves and to manipulate objects in their environment. Functional theories of
grammar explain grammatical structures by their communicative functions, and
understand the grammatical structures of language to be the result of an adaptive
process by which grammar was "tailored" to serve the communicative needs of its
users.
A clause is included in English grammar. Generally, a clause is a group
of words containing a subject and a verb. It may be either a sentence, an
independent clause or a sentence-like construction within another sentence, a
dependent clause. If a clause can stand alone as a sentence it is an independent
1
clause. Some clauses, however, cannot stand alone as sentences: in this
case, they are dependent clauses or subordinate clauses.
Clauses can take the place of different parts of speech. Similarly, an
adjective clause can take the place of an adjective. Adjective clauses have a
subject and a verb (or predicate). They will start with a relative pronoun, like: that,
who, whom, whose, or which, or a relative adverb, like why, where, or when.
Adjective clauses function as an adjective and modify nouns and pronouns. They
are also called relative clauses.
Just as the other dependent clauses, the adjective clause does not express
a complete thought. It does not need commas separating it from the rest of the
sentence if it has essential information in it; that is if you need the information it
provides. If it gives additional information, then you use commas. A good way to
test for this is to leave out the clause, read the sentence, and see if the meaning of
the two sentences is different.
Many people are fairly comfortable with the idea of adjectives, but they
might not feel so confident when it comes to the idea of an adjective clause.
Adjective clauses come in a variety of forms; therefore, breaking down the study
into its basic components is essential to the proper learning of the form. Using
adjective clauses in everyday speech is a fairly common practice, as adjective
clauses add often crucial information to sentences. However, learning to
differentiate between the various types can be difficult. If a person is in a
positionwhere he or she has to decide which form the adjective clause is taking,
the person should consider the options carefully, and consult a grammar guide.
2
The writer chooses the novel named Another Piece of My Heart because
it contains a lot of adjective clauses. The writer wants to know what the dominant
of adjective clause found in the novel is.
1.2 Problem of the Study
The problem of this study can be defined as below:
1) How many adjective clauses found in the novel?
2) What is the dominant adjective clause found in the novel?
1.3 Scope of the Study
In English, there are many kinds of clauses, such as noun clause, adverbial
clause and adjective clause. In this study, the writer limits the analysis on
adjective clauses.
1.4 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study can be defined as below:
1.
To find out the adjective clauses in the novel.
2.
To find out the number of the dominant adjective clauses in the novel.
1.5 Method of the Study
The writer uses library research in writing this paper. Library research is
the technique of data collection by research to gather as much information
relevant to the topic. Source can be gotten from literature: scientific books,
journals, and other sources of suitable like internet.
The writer will collect all the required data from Jane Green’s novel
entitled Another Piece of My Heart. The data is sentences that contain adjective
3
clauses. There are about 413 adjective clauses found in the novel as the data
source.
The writer uses analysis method in analyzing the data. Analysis method
of research is where the person doing the research presents it in an analysis
manner. The analysis research designs enable researchers to analyze or present the
picture of a phenomenon or phenomena under investigation.
The steps or procedures in analyzing the data :
1. Reading Another Piece of My Heart novel.
2. Identifying the sentences contain adjective clause.
3. Classifying the adjective clauses.
4. Analyzing the data by counting the number of adjective clauses and the
dominant adjective clause into percentages of their usage in the novel.
To get the percentage of adjective clauses used in the novel, the writer
uses the Nawawi’s formula (1991:150) as the following:
�
�
X100% = N
X = Number of adjective clauses
Y = Total number of all data
N = Percentage of the adjective clauses
4