S BIND 1009035 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ..............................................................................i
ABSTRAK .........................................................................................................ii
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................iii
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH..............................................................................iv
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................vii
DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................ix
DAFTAR GRAFIK ..........................................................................................xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .........................................................................................xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................................ 1
B. Identifikasi Masalah................................................................................... 5
C. Batasan Masalah ........................................................................................ 6
D. Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................... 6
E. Tujuan ........................................................................................................ 6
F. Manfaat ...................................................................................................... 7
BAB II TEKNIK EXAMPLES NON-EXAMPLES DALAM
PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS EKSPOSISI
A. Pendekatan, Metode, dan Teknik Pembelajaran ....................................... 8
1. Pengertian Pendekatan ........................................................................... 8
2. Pengertian Metode ................................................................................. 8
3. Pengertian Teknik .................................................................................. 9
4. Teknik Examples Non-examples ............................................................ 9
B. Ihwal Menulis ............................................................................................11
1. Pengertian Menulis ...............................................................................11
2. Tujuan Menulis .....................................................................................11
3. Ragam Menulis .....................................................................................13
C. Pembelajaran Menulis dalam Kurikulum 2013 .........................................14
D. Teks Eksposisi ...........................................................................................17
1. Pengertian Teks Eksposisi ....................................................................17
2. Struktur Teks Eksposisi ........................................................................18
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Efektivitas Teknik Examples Non-Examples Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksposisi
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3. Jenis Teks Eksposisi .............................................................................18
4. Kaidah Teks Eksposisi ..........................................................................19
E. Anggapan Dasar.........................................................................................20
F. Hipotesis ....................................................................................................20
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
A. Metode dan Desain Penelitian ...................................................................21
1. Metode Penelitian ................................................................................21
2. Desain Penelitian .................................................................................21
B. Subjek Penelitian .......................................................................................22
C. Definisi Operasional ..................................................................................22
D. Instrumen Penelitian ..................................................................................23
E. Prosedur Penelitian ....................................................................................34
F. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................35
G. Teknik Pengolahan Data ............................................................................36
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. Deskripsi Proses Pelaksanaan Penelitian ...................................................41
B. Deskripsi Data Penelitian (Data Penilaian Instrumen Tes) .......................42
C. Analisis Data Penelitian .............................................................................51
D. Deskripsi Pengolahan Data ........................................................................76
E. Uji Reliabilitas Antarpenimbang ...............................................................81
F. Uji Normalitas ...........................................................................................92
G. Uji Homogenitas ........................................................................................109
H. Uji Hipotesis ..............................................................................................112
I. Pembahasan Hasil Observasi .....................................................................115
J. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian .....................................................................121
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Simpulan ....................................................................................................126
B. Saran ..........................................................................................................127
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
viii
Yuma Yudhayana, 2015
Efektivitas Teknik Examples Non-Examples Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksposisi
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1
Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar Bahasa Indonesia Kelas X ..................15
Table 3.1
Pretest-Posstest Control Group Design ..............................................................21
Tabel 3.2
Pedoman Penskoran Teks Eksposisi ...................................................................25
Tabel 3.3
Aspek Penilaian Menulis Teks Eksposisi ...........................................................25
Tabel 3.4
Kategori Penilaian ...............................................................................................30
Tabel 3.5
Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Guru ......................................................................30
Tabel 3.6
Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Siswa .....................................................................33
Tabel 3.7
Tabel Guilford .....................................................................................................37
Tabel 4.1
Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen ......................................................................42
Tabel 4.2
Rekapitulasi Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen ................................................44
Tabel 4.3
Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen .....................................................................45
Tabel 4.4
Rekapitulasi Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen ................................................46
Tabel 4.5
Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol .............................................................................47
Tabel 4.6
Rekapitulasi Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol ........................................................48
ix
Yuma Yudhayana, 2015
Efektivitas Teknik Examples Non-Examples Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksposisi
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Tabel 4.7
Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol ............................................................................49
Tabel 4.8
Rekapitulasi Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol .......................................................50
Tabel 4.9
Skor Nilai Tes Awal dan Tes Akhir di Kelas Eksperimen..................................77
Tabel 4.10
Skor Nilai Tes Awal dan Tes Akhir di Kelas Kontrol ........................................79
Tabel 4.11
Data Skor Uji Antarpenimbang Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen...................81
Tabel 4.12
Format Tabel ANAVA Data Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen ................................83
Tabel 4.13
Data Skor Uji Antarpenimbang Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol .........................84
Tabel 4.14
Format Tabel ANAVA Data Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol .......................................86
Tabel 4.15
Data Skor Uji Antarpenimbang Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen ..................87
Tabel 4.16
Format Tabel ANAVA Data Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen ................................89
Tabel 4.17
Data Skor Uji Antarpenimbang Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol.........................90
Tabel 4.18
Format Tabel ANAVA Data Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol ......................................92
Tabel 4.19
Distribusi Data Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen ......................................................93
Tabel 4.20
Tabel Distribusi Mean Data Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen.........................95
Tabel 4.21
Uji Normalitas Rumus Chi-Kuadrat Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen ............96
x
Yuma Yudhayana, 2015
Efektivitas Teknik Examples Non-Examples Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksposisi
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Tabel 4.22
Distribusi Data Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol ............................................................97
Tabel 4.23
Tabel Distribusi Mean Data Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol ...............................99
Tabel 4.24
Uji Normalitas Rumus Chi-Kuadrat Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol...................100
Tabel 4.25
Distribusi Data Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen .....................................................101
Tabel 4.26
Tabel Distribusi Mean Data Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen ........................103
Tabel 4.27
Uji Normalitas Rumus Chi-Kuadrat Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen ...........104
Tabel 4.28
Distribusi Data Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol ............................................................105
Tabel 4.29
Tabel Distribusi Mean Data Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol...............................107
Tabel 4.30
Uji Normalitas Rumus Chi-Kuadrat Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol ..................108
Tabel 4.31
Nilai Varians Terbesar dan Terkecil Kelas Eksperimen .....................................109
Tabel 4.32
Nilai Varians Terbesar dan Terkecil Kelas Kontrol ............................................111
Tabel 4.33
Perbedaan data tes awal-tes akhir kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol ..............112
Tabel 4.34
Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Guru di Kelas Eksperimen ........................................116
Tabel 4.35
Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa di Kelas Eksperimen .......................................119
xi
Yuma Yudhayana, 2015
Efektivitas Teknik Examples Non-Examples Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksposisi
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 4.1
Grafik Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen ...........................................................44
Grafik 4.2
Grafik Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen ..........................................................47
Grafik 4.3
Grafik Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol .................................................................49
Grafik 4.4
Grafik Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol .................................................................51
Grafik 4.5
Perbedaan nilai tes awal-tes akhir kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol ..............123
xii
Yuma Yudhayana, 2015
Efektivitas Teknik Examples Non-Examples Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksposisi
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 4.1
Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen Subjek 1.......................................................52
Gambar 4.2
Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen Subjek 2.......................................................54
Gambar 4.3
Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen Subjek 3.......................................................56
Gambar 4.4
Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol Subjek 1 .............................................................58
Gambar 4.5
Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol Subjek 2 .............................................................60
Gambar 4.6
Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol Subjek 3 .............................................................62
Gambar 4.7
Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen Subjek 1 ......................................................64
Gambar 4.8
Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen Subjek 2 ......................................................66
Gambar 4.9
Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen Subjek 3 ......................................................68
Gambar 4.10
Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol Subjek 1 ............................................................70
Gambar 4.11
Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol Subjek 2 ............................................................72
Gambar 4.12
Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol Subjek 3 ............................................................74
xiii
Yuma Yudhayana, 2015
Efektivitas Teknik Examples Non-Examples Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksposisi
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ..............................................................................i
ABSTRAK .........................................................................................................ii
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................iii
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH..............................................................................iv
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................vii
DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................ix
DAFTAR GRAFIK ..........................................................................................xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .........................................................................................xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................................ 1
B. Identifikasi Masalah................................................................................... 5
C. Batasan Masalah ........................................................................................ 6
D. Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................... 6
E. Tujuan ........................................................................................................ 6
F. Manfaat ...................................................................................................... 7
BAB II TEKNIK EXAMPLES NON-EXAMPLES DALAM
PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS EKSPOSISI
A. Pendekatan, Metode, dan Teknik Pembelajaran ....................................... 8
1. Pengertian Pendekatan ........................................................................... 8
2. Pengertian Metode ................................................................................. 8
3. Pengertian Teknik .................................................................................. 9
4. Teknik Examples Non-examples ............................................................ 9
B. Ihwal Menulis ............................................................................................11
1. Pengertian Menulis ...............................................................................11
2. Tujuan Menulis .....................................................................................11
3. Ragam Menulis .....................................................................................13
C. Pembelajaran Menulis dalam Kurikulum 2013 .........................................14
D. Teks Eksposisi ...........................................................................................17
1. Pengertian Teks Eksposisi ....................................................................17
2. Struktur Teks Eksposisi ........................................................................18
vii
Yuma Yudhayana, 2015
Efektivitas Teknik Examples Non-Examples Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksposisi
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3. Jenis Teks Eksposisi .............................................................................18
4. Kaidah Teks Eksposisi ..........................................................................19
E. Anggapan Dasar.........................................................................................20
F. Hipotesis ....................................................................................................20
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
A. Metode dan Desain Penelitian ...................................................................21
1. Metode Penelitian ................................................................................21
2. Desain Penelitian .................................................................................21
B. Subjek Penelitian .......................................................................................22
C. Definisi Operasional ..................................................................................22
D. Instrumen Penelitian ..................................................................................23
E. Prosedur Penelitian ....................................................................................34
F. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................35
G. Teknik Pengolahan Data ............................................................................36
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. Deskripsi Proses Pelaksanaan Penelitian ...................................................41
B. Deskripsi Data Penelitian (Data Penilaian Instrumen Tes) .......................42
C. Analisis Data Penelitian .............................................................................51
D. Deskripsi Pengolahan Data ........................................................................76
E. Uji Reliabilitas Antarpenimbang ...............................................................81
F. Uji Normalitas ...........................................................................................92
G. Uji Homogenitas ........................................................................................109
H. Uji Hipotesis ..............................................................................................112
I. Pembahasan Hasil Observasi .....................................................................115
J. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian .....................................................................121
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Simpulan ....................................................................................................126
B. Saran ..........................................................................................................127
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
viii
Yuma Yudhayana, 2015
Efektivitas Teknik Examples Non-Examples Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksposisi
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1
Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar Bahasa Indonesia Kelas X ..................15
Table 3.1
Pretest-Posstest Control Group Design ..............................................................21
Tabel 3.2
Pedoman Penskoran Teks Eksposisi ...................................................................25
Tabel 3.3
Aspek Penilaian Menulis Teks Eksposisi ...........................................................25
Tabel 3.4
Kategori Penilaian ...............................................................................................30
Tabel 3.5
Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Guru ......................................................................30
Tabel 3.6
Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Siswa .....................................................................33
Tabel 3.7
Tabel Guilford .....................................................................................................37
Tabel 4.1
Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen ......................................................................42
Tabel 4.2
Rekapitulasi Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen ................................................44
Tabel 4.3
Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen .....................................................................45
Tabel 4.4
Rekapitulasi Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen ................................................46
Tabel 4.5
Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol .............................................................................47
Tabel 4.6
Rekapitulasi Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol ........................................................48
ix
Yuma Yudhayana, 2015
Efektivitas Teknik Examples Non-Examples Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksposisi
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Tabel 4.7
Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol ............................................................................49
Tabel 4.8
Rekapitulasi Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol .......................................................50
Tabel 4.9
Skor Nilai Tes Awal dan Tes Akhir di Kelas Eksperimen..................................77
Tabel 4.10
Skor Nilai Tes Awal dan Tes Akhir di Kelas Kontrol ........................................79
Tabel 4.11
Data Skor Uji Antarpenimbang Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen...................81
Tabel 4.12
Format Tabel ANAVA Data Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen ................................83
Tabel 4.13
Data Skor Uji Antarpenimbang Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol .........................84
Tabel 4.14
Format Tabel ANAVA Data Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol .......................................86
Tabel 4.15
Data Skor Uji Antarpenimbang Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen ..................87
Tabel 4.16
Format Tabel ANAVA Data Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen ................................89
Tabel 4.17
Data Skor Uji Antarpenimbang Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol.........................90
Tabel 4.18
Format Tabel ANAVA Data Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol ......................................92
Tabel 4.19
Distribusi Data Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen ......................................................93
Tabel 4.20
Tabel Distribusi Mean Data Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen.........................95
Tabel 4.21
Uji Normalitas Rumus Chi-Kuadrat Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen ............96
x
Yuma Yudhayana, 2015
Efektivitas Teknik Examples Non-Examples Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksposisi
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Tabel 4.22
Distribusi Data Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol ............................................................97
Tabel 4.23
Tabel Distribusi Mean Data Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol ...............................99
Tabel 4.24
Uji Normalitas Rumus Chi-Kuadrat Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol...................100
Tabel 4.25
Distribusi Data Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen .....................................................101
Tabel 4.26
Tabel Distribusi Mean Data Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen ........................103
Tabel 4.27
Uji Normalitas Rumus Chi-Kuadrat Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen ...........104
Tabel 4.28
Distribusi Data Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol ............................................................105
Tabel 4.29
Tabel Distribusi Mean Data Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol...............................107
Tabel 4.30
Uji Normalitas Rumus Chi-Kuadrat Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol ..................108
Tabel 4.31
Nilai Varians Terbesar dan Terkecil Kelas Eksperimen .....................................109
Tabel 4.32
Nilai Varians Terbesar dan Terkecil Kelas Kontrol ............................................111
Tabel 4.33
Perbedaan data tes awal-tes akhir kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol ..............112
Tabel 4.34
Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Guru di Kelas Eksperimen ........................................116
Tabel 4.35
Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Siswa di Kelas Eksperimen .......................................119
xi
Yuma Yudhayana, 2015
Efektivitas Teknik Examples Non-Examples Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksposisi
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 4.1
Grafik Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen ...........................................................44
Grafik 4.2
Grafik Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen ..........................................................47
Grafik 4.3
Grafik Nilai Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol .................................................................49
Grafik 4.4
Grafik Nilai Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol .................................................................51
Grafik 4.5
Perbedaan nilai tes awal-tes akhir kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol ..............123
xii
Yuma Yudhayana, 2015
Efektivitas Teknik Examples Non-Examples Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksposisi
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 4.1
Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen Subjek 1.......................................................52
Gambar 4.2
Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen Subjek 2.......................................................54
Gambar 4.3
Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen Subjek 3.......................................................56
Gambar 4.4
Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol Subjek 1 .............................................................58
Gambar 4.5
Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol Subjek 2 .............................................................60
Gambar 4.6
Hasil Tes Awal Kelas Kontrol Subjek 3 .............................................................62
Gambar 4.7
Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen Subjek 1 ......................................................64
Gambar 4.8
Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen Subjek 2 ......................................................66
Gambar 4.9
Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen Subjek 3 ......................................................68
Gambar 4.10
Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol Subjek 1 ............................................................70
Gambar 4.11
Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol Subjek 2 ............................................................72
Gambar 4.12
Hasil Tes Akhir Kelas Kontrol Subjek 3 ............................................................74
xiii
Yuma Yudhayana, 2015
Efektivitas Teknik Examples Non-Examples Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Eksposisi
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu