B1J010189 4 1.

DAFTAR ISI
Prakata .........................................................................................................................

iii

Daftar Isi .......................................................................................................................

v

Daftar Tabel ..................................................................................................................

vi

Daftar Gambar .............................................................................................................

vii

Daftar Lampiran ...........................................................................................................

viii

Daftar Satuan dan Singkatan ........................................................................................

ix

Ringkasan ......................................................................................................................

1

Summary .......................................................................................................................

2

I.

Pendahuluan ..........................................................................................................

3

II. Metode Penelitian..................................................................................................

5

III. Hasil

9

...................................................................................................................

IV. Pembahasan dan Kesimpulan ................................................................................

13

Daftar Referensi ...........................................................................................................

21

Lampiran .......................................................................................................................

24

v

DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.2
Tabel 3.3
Tabel 3.4
Tabel 4.1

Hasil Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik Eritromisin ...................................................
Nilai Rerata Kuantifikasi DNA Hasil Ekstraksi ................................................
Jumlah dan Persentase Hasil Deteksi Gen erm(B) dan mef(A)......................
Proporsi Jumlah Isolat S. pneumoniae Resisten Terhadap Eritromisin yang
Membawa Gen erm(B) dan mef(A) Berdasarkan Sumber Isolat, Diadaptasi
Dari Penelitian Farrell et.al (2005) ..............................................................
Tabel 4.2 Hasil MLST (multilocus sequence typing) pada Beberapa Negara di Asia,
Diadaptasi dari Penelitian Song et.al (2004) ...............................................

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10

11
12

19
19

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 3.1 Morfologi Koloni S. pneumoniae pada Agar Darah Domba 5% +
Gentamisin ................................................................................................ 9
Gambar 3.2 Isolat S. pneumoniae resisten terhadap eritromisin pada agar
Mueller-Hinton + Darah domba 5% ......................................................... 10
Gambar 3.3 Visualisasi Amplifikasi gen mef(A) (348 bp) dan erm(B) (639 bp)
a. gen mef(A) dan erm(B) (1. PU-053; 3.ISID 16; 4. ISID 12),
b. gen erm(B) (5. ISID 104; 6. ISID 110)
c. gen mef(A) (2. PI-150; 7. MA-088; 8. MA-089; 9. MA-145; 10. UB-075) ..12
Gambar 3.4. Grafik Persentase Hasil Deteksi Gen mef(A) dan erm(B) Pada 56 Isolat
S. pneumoniae ............................................................................................. 12

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Diagram Alir Penelitian ..............................................................................

24

Lampiran 2. Spesifikasi Alat dan Bahan .........................................................................

25

Lampiran 3. Komposisi Agar Darah Domba 5% + Gentamisin ......................................

28

Lampiran 4. Komposisi Media STGG ..............................................................................

29

Lampiran 5. Komposisi Media Agar Mueller- Hinton + darah domba 5%......................

30

Lampiran 6. Komposisi Go Taq Green 2x .......................................................................

31

Lampiran 7. PCR Mix dan Kondisi untuk Duplex PCR.....................................................

32

Lampiran 8. PCR Mix dan Kondisi untuk Singleplex PCR mef(A)....................................

33

Lampiran 9. PCR Mix dan Kondisi untuk Singleplex PCR erm(B)....................................

34

Lampiran 10. Hasil Duplex & Singleplex PCR erm(B) dan mef(A)...................................

35

Lampiran 11. Hasil Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik Eritromisin ..............................................

37

Lampiran 12. Kuantifikasi DNA Hasil Ekstraksi...............................................................

39

Lampiran 13. Data Hasil Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik dan Deteksi Gen ............................

41

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DAFTAR SATUAN DAN SINGKATAN
Simbol satuan
C
G
µl

Ml
pH
µM

Simbol
%
o

µ

Singkatan
ATCC
CLSI
ddH2O
DNA
dNTP
MIC
PCR
RNA
rRNA

STGG
TBE
TE
UV

Satuan
Celcius
Gravitasi
Mikroliter
Mililiter
+
Tingkat ion H terlarut
Mikromolar

Keterangan (besaran pokok)
Suhu
Percepatan rata-rata gravitasi bumi
-6
Volume (10 l)
-3

Volume (10 l)
Derajat Keasaman
6
Volume (10 mol/l)

Arti
Persen (per seratus)
Derajat
Mikro (seper sejuta)

Arti
American Type Culture Collection
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
Double destillation water
Asam deoksiribonukleat (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Deoxy Nucleotide Phospate
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Asam Ribonukleat (ribonucleic acid)
Asam Ribonukleat ribosomal (ribosomal ribonucleic acid)

Skim-Milk Tryptone Glucose Glycerol
Tris-base, Boric-acid,EDTA
Tris, EDTA
Ultraviolet

ix