Pengaruh Derajat Deasetilasi Kitosan Dari Cangkang Belangkas (Tachypleus Gigas) Yang Diikat Silang Dengan Modifikasi Genipin
DAFTAR PUSAKA
Agusnar, H. 1997. Kajian Pengaruh Kitosan Sebagai Aditif Ke Atas Sifat-Sifat
Kertas dari Pulpa Batang Sawit. Disertase, Dr.Fal. Malaysia. UKM. Hal 8188
Alimuniar, A. dan R. Zainuddin. 1992. An Economical Technique for Producing
Chitosan. Advances in Chitin and Chitosan. London : Elsevier Applied
Sciences.
pp. 627-632.
Anwar, J., S.J.Damanik, N. Hisyam, A.J. Whitten. 1984. Ekologi Ekosistem
Sumatera. Yogyakarta : Universitas Gadjah Mada. Prees. Hal 137-138.
Brine, C.J. 1984. Introduction Chitin, Accomplishments and Perspectives. Chitin,
Chitosan and Related Enzyme. Orlando : Academic Press Inc. pp xvii-xxiii.
Butler, M. F., Ng, Y. F., & Pudney, P. D. A. (2003). Mechanism and kinetics of the
crosslinking reaction between biopolymers containing primary amine groups
and genipin. Journal of Polymer Science. Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 41,
3941–3953.
Caner,C., P.J.Vergano, J.L. Wiles. 1998. Chitosan Film Mechanical and Permeation
Properties as Affected by Acid, Plasticizer, and Storage. Journal of Food
Science.Vol. 63:6, 1049-1053.
Cao, J. P., Wang, Y. L., & Jia, Y. J. (2001). Simultaneous determination of
geniposide and genipin in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis by high performan
Chang, K.L.B., J.Lee, W.R. Fu. 2000. HPLC Analysis of N-acetyl- chitooligosassharidesduring the Acid Hydrolysis of Chitin. Journal of Food and
Drug Analysis. Vol. 8:2, 75-83.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Dalimartha, dr. Setiawan. 2003. Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia. Jilid 3. Jakarta :
Puspa Swara, Anggota Ikapi.
Fessenden & Fessenden. 1992. Kimia Organik. Jilid I. Jakarta : Erlangga
Firman. 1999. Kimia Polimer. Bandung. ITB
Fujikawa, S., Fukui, Y., & Koga, K. (1987). Structure of genipocyanin G1, a
spontaneous reaction product between genipin and glycine. Tetrahedron
Letters, 28, 4699–4700.
Fujikawa, S., Yokota, T., Koga, K., & Kumada, J. (1987). The continuous hydrolysis
of geniposide to genipin using immobilized b-glucosidase on calcium alginate
gel. Biotechnology Letters, 9, 697–702.
Genta, I., Perugini, P., Pavanetto, F., Modena, T., Conti, B., & Muzzarelli, R. A. A.
(1999). Microparticulate drug delivery systems. In P. Jollès & R. A. A.
Muzzarelli (Eds.), Chitin and chitinases (pp. 305–313). Basel: Birkhauser V.
Hirano, S., N. Sato, S. Yoshida, S. Kitagawa. 1987. Chemical Modification of Chitin
and Chitosan, and Their Novel Applications. Industrial Polysaccharides.
Amsterdam : Yalpani, M.(Ed.) Elsevier. pp. 85-86.
Hwang, J.K. dan Shin H.H. 2000. Rheological Properties of Chitosan Solutions.
Korea Australia Rheology Journal. Vol 12:3/4, 175-179.
Http://akirawijayasaputra.wordpress.com/2009/04/27/mikroskop-elektron
Jesada K., Mangkorn S., P. S., and Y. B. (2010). Preparation and characterization of
genipin-cross-linked chitosan microparticles by water-in-oil emultion solfent
diffusion method. Journal of Natural Science. Vol 2, No.10
Jiang, T., Kumbar, S. G., Nair, L. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2008). Biologically active
chitosan systems for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Current
Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 8, 354–364.
Khan, A., Peh, K., & Ching, S. 2002. Reporting degree of deaacytelation values of
chitosan : the influence of analytical methods. J. Pawn Pharmaceut Sci. Vol.
5(3), pp. 205-212
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Kumar, M. N. V. R., Muzzarelli, R. A. A., Muzzarelli, C., Sashiwa, H., & Domb, A.
J. (2004). Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives. Chemical
Reviews, 104, 6017–6084.
Kumar,M.N.V.R. 2000. A Review of Chitin and Chitosan Applications. India :
Department of Chemistry, University of Roorkee.
Merck Index. 1976. An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,. USA : Windholz,M.,
S.Budavari, L.Y.Stroumtsos, M.Noether(Eds). Merck & Co. Inc. pp. 259-576
Mi, F. L., Shyu, S. S., & Chia-Ching S. (2003). Synthesis and Characterization of
Biodegradable TPP/Genipin Co-Crosslinked Chitosan Gel Beads. Journal of
Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry, 43, 1985–2000.
Muzzarelli, R.A.A. 1977. Chitin. New York. Oxford : Pergamon Prees.
Muzzarelli, R. A. A. (2009). Chitins and chitosans for the repair of wounded skin,
nerve, cartilage and bone. Carbohydrate Polymers. doi:10.1016/
j.carbpol.2008.11.002.
Muzzarelli, R. A. A., & Muzzarelli, C. (2005). Chitosan chemistry: Relevance to the
biomedical sciences. In T. Heinze (Ed.), Advances in polymer science (pp.
151–209). Berlin: Springer Verlag. 186.
Muzzarelli, R. A. A., & Muzzarelli, C. (2008). Chitin and chitosan hydrogels. In G.
O. Philips & P. A. Williams (Eds.), Handbook of hydrocolloids (2nd ed.).
Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing Ltd.
Mwale F Phd, Mihaela I, Caroline N.D, Thomas S., Peter R., and John A (2005).
Biological evaluation of chitosan salts cross-linked to genipin as a cell
scaffold for disk tissue engineering. Journal of Tissue Engineering. Vol 11
Nishi, C., Nakajima, N., & Ikada, Y. (1995). In vivo evaluation of cytotoxicity of
diepoxy compounds used for biomaterial modification. Journal of Biomedical
Material Research, 29, 829–834.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Protan. 1987. Chitin and Chitosan : General Properties and Application. Patent.
PLI.002. Norway.
Raharjo, S. 2000. Pencegahan Peroksidasi Lemak dan Kerusakan Jaringan pada
Tikus dengan Kitosan. In : Agritech.
Roberts, G.A.F. 1992. Chitin Chemistry. London : The Macmillan Prees.
Rutherford, F.A. and W.A.Dunson. 1984. The Permeability of Chitin Films to Water
and Solutes. In : Chitin, Chitosan, and Related Enzymes. Orlando : Academic
Prees.inc. pp. 135137
Sandford, P.A. and G.P.Hutchings. 1987. Chitosan-A Natural, Cationic Biopolymer.
Industrial Polysaccharides. Amsterdam : Yalpani, M.(Ed) Elsevier. pp. 365371
Santoso, E. ISBN 979-95845-5-8. Permeabilitas Membran Kitosan Ikat Silang
Dengan Variasi Derajat Deasetilasi Terhadap Vitamin B-12. Kampus
ITS,Surabaya 60111
Sastrohamidjojo, & Hardjono.(1992). Spektroskopi Inframerah. Yogyakarta :
Liberty.
Senel, S., & McClure, S. J. (2004). Potential applications of chitosan in veterinary
medicine. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 56, 1467–1480.
Siverstein, M., Robert, Bassler, Clayton, G., Morril, C., & Trence. (1986).
Penyidikan Spektrometik Senyawa Organik. Jakarta : Erlangga.
Sopyan, I. 2001. Kimia Polimer. Jakarta. Pradnya Paramita.
Speer, D. P., Chvapil, M., Eskelson, C. D., & Ulreich, J. (1980). Biological effects of
residual glutaraldehyde in glutaraldehyde-tanned collagen biomaterials.
Journal of Biomedical Material Research, 14, 753–764.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Sudarmadji, Slamet, Haryono, Bambang, & Suhardi. (1989). Analisa Bahan
Makanan danPertanian. Yogyakarta : Liberty
Sugita, P., dkk. (2009). Kitosan : Sumber Biomaterial Masa Depan. Bogor : IPB
Prees. Hal. 30-37.
Sung, H. W., Huang, R. N., Huang, L. L. H., & Tsai, C. C. (1999). In vitro
evaluation of cytotoxicity of a naturally occurring crosslinking reagent for
biological tissue fixation. Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition,
10(1), 63–78.
Taylor M.M., K. Ding, and E.M. Brown. Genipin-modified gelatin: preparation,
characterization, and application as a filler for leather. Journal college of
Chemistry & Evironmental Protection Engineering, Southwest University for
Nationalities, China
Tokura, S. (1994). Specification and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan.
Malaysia : Proceding Symposium UKM.
Tsai, T. H., Westly, J., Lee, T. F., & Chen, C. F. (1994). Identification and
determination of geniposide, genipin, gardenoside, and geniposidic acid from
herbs by HPLC/ photodiode-array detection. Journal of Liquid
Chromatography, 17, 2199–2205.
Whitten, A.J., S.J. Damanik, J. Anwar, N. Hisyam. (2000). The Ecology of Sumatra.
Singapore : Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. pp. 98-99.
Wirjisentono, B. (1996). Analisis dan karakterisasi polimer.Medan. Usu Press
Yao, X. S., Wu, L. J., & Wu, J. Z. (2004). Natural medicinal chemistry (4th ed.).
Beijing,China: People’s Medicinal Publishing House. Vol. 220.
Yuan, Y., Chestnutt, B. M., Haggard, W. O., Bumgardner, J. D., & Muzzarelli, R. A.
A. (2008). Genipin crosslinked chitosans for drug release. In R. Jayakumar &
A. Prabaharan (Eds.), Chitin and chitosan in biomaterial science. Trivandrum,
India: Research Signpost.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Agusnar, H. 1997. Kajian Pengaruh Kitosan Sebagai Aditif Ke Atas Sifat-Sifat
Kertas dari Pulpa Batang Sawit. Disertase, Dr.Fal. Malaysia. UKM. Hal 8188
Alimuniar, A. dan R. Zainuddin. 1992. An Economical Technique for Producing
Chitosan. Advances in Chitin and Chitosan. London : Elsevier Applied
Sciences.
pp. 627-632.
Anwar, J., S.J.Damanik, N. Hisyam, A.J. Whitten. 1984. Ekologi Ekosistem
Sumatera. Yogyakarta : Universitas Gadjah Mada. Prees. Hal 137-138.
Brine, C.J. 1984. Introduction Chitin, Accomplishments and Perspectives. Chitin,
Chitosan and Related Enzyme. Orlando : Academic Press Inc. pp xvii-xxiii.
Butler, M. F., Ng, Y. F., & Pudney, P. D. A. (2003). Mechanism and kinetics of the
crosslinking reaction between biopolymers containing primary amine groups
and genipin. Journal of Polymer Science. Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 41,
3941–3953.
Caner,C., P.J.Vergano, J.L. Wiles. 1998. Chitosan Film Mechanical and Permeation
Properties as Affected by Acid, Plasticizer, and Storage. Journal of Food
Science.Vol. 63:6, 1049-1053.
Cao, J. P., Wang, Y. L., & Jia, Y. J. (2001). Simultaneous determination of
geniposide and genipin in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis by high performan
Chang, K.L.B., J.Lee, W.R. Fu. 2000. HPLC Analysis of N-acetyl- chitooligosassharidesduring the Acid Hydrolysis of Chitin. Journal of Food and
Drug Analysis. Vol. 8:2, 75-83.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Dalimartha, dr. Setiawan. 2003. Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia. Jilid 3. Jakarta :
Puspa Swara, Anggota Ikapi.
Fessenden & Fessenden. 1992. Kimia Organik. Jilid I. Jakarta : Erlangga
Firman. 1999. Kimia Polimer. Bandung. ITB
Fujikawa, S., Fukui, Y., & Koga, K. (1987). Structure of genipocyanin G1, a
spontaneous reaction product between genipin and glycine. Tetrahedron
Letters, 28, 4699–4700.
Fujikawa, S., Yokota, T., Koga, K., & Kumada, J. (1987). The continuous hydrolysis
of geniposide to genipin using immobilized b-glucosidase on calcium alginate
gel. Biotechnology Letters, 9, 697–702.
Genta, I., Perugini, P., Pavanetto, F., Modena, T., Conti, B., & Muzzarelli, R. A. A.
(1999). Microparticulate drug delivery systems. In P. Jollès & R. A. A.
Muzzarelli (Eds.), Chitin and chitinases (pp. 305–313). Basel: Birkhauser V.
Hirano, S., N. Sato, S. Yoshida, S. Kitagawa. 1987. Chemical Modification of Chitin
and Chitosan, and Their Novel Applications. Industrial Polysaccharides.
Amsterdam : Yalpani, M.(Ed.) Elsevier. pp. 85-86.
Hwang, J.K. dan Shin H.H. 2000. Rheological Properties of Chitosan Solutions.
Korea Australia Rheology Journal. Vol 12:3/4, 175-179.
Http://akirawijayasaputra.wordpress.com/2009/04/27/mikroskop-elektron
Jesada K., Mangkorn S., P. S., and Y. B. (2010). Preparation and characterization of
genipin-cross-linked chitosan microparticles by water-in-oil emultion solfent
diffusion method. Journal of Natural Science. Vol 2, No.10
Jiang, T., Kumbar, S. G., Nair, L. S., & Laurencin, C. T. (2008). Biologically active
chitosan systems for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Current
Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 8, 354–364.
Khan, A., Peh, K., & Ching, S. 2002. Reporting degree of deaacytelation values of
chitosan : the influence of analytical methods. J. Pawn Pharmaceut Sci. Vol.
5(3), pp. 205-212
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Kumar, M. N. V. R., Muzzarelli, R. A. A., Muzzarelli, C., Sashiwa, H., & Domb, A.
J. (2004). Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives. Chemical
Reviews, 104, 6017–6084.
Kumar,M.N.V.R. 2000. A Review of Chitin and Chitosan Applications. India :
Department of Chemistry, University of Roorkee.
Merck Index. 1976. An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs,. USA : Windholz,M.,
S.Budavari, L.Y.Stroumtsos, M.Noether(Eds). Merck & Co. Inc. pp. 259-576
Mi, F. L., Shyu, S. S., & Chia-Ching S. (2003). Synthesis and Characterization of
Biodegradable TPP/Genipin Co-Crosslinked Chitosan Gel Beads. Journal of
Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry, 43, 1985–2000.
Muzzarelli, R.A.A. 1977. Chitin. New York. Oxford : Pergamon Prees.
Muzzarelli, R. A. A. (2009). Chitins and chitosans for the repair of wounded skin,
nerve, cartilage and bone. Carbohydrate Polymers. doi:10.1016/
j.carbpol.2008.11.002.
Muzzarelli, R. A. A., & Muzzarelli, C. (2005). Chitosan chemistry: Relevance to the
biomedical sciences. In T. Heinze (Ed.), Advances in polymer science (pp.
151–209). Berlin: Springer Verlag. 186.
Muzzarelli, R. A. A., & Muzzarelli, C. (2008). Chitin and chitosan hydrogels. In G.
O. Philips & P. A. Williams (Eds.), Handbook of hydrocolloids (2nd ed.).
Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing Ltd.
Mwale F Phd, Mihaela I, Caroline N.D, Thomas S., Peter R., and John A (2005).
Biological evaluation of chitosan salts cross-linked to genipin as a cell
scaffold for disk tissue engineering. Journal of Tissue Engineering. Vol 11
Nishi, C., Nakajima, N., & Ikada, Y. (1995). In vivo evaluation of cytotoxicity of
diepoxy compounds used for biomaterial modification. Journal of Biomedical
Material Research, 29, 829–834.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Protan. 1987. Chitin and Chitosan : General Properties and Application. Patent.
PLI.002. Norway.
Raharjo, S. 2000. Pencegahan Peroksidasi Lemak dan Kerusakan Jaringan pada
Tikus dengan Kitosan. In : Agritech.
Roberts, G.A.F. 1992. Chitin Chemistry. London : The Macmillan Prees.
Rutherford, F.A. and W.A.Dunson. 1984. The Permeability of Chitin Films to Water
and Solutes. In : Chitin, Chitosan, and Related Enzymes. Orlando : Academic
Prees.inc. pp. 135137
Sandford, P.A. and G.P.Hutchings. 1987. Chitosan-A Natural, Cationic Biopolymer.
Industrial Polysaccharides. Amsterdam : Yalpani, M.(Ed) Elsevier. pp. 365371
Santoso, E. ISBN 979-95845-5-8. Permeabilitas Membran Kitosan Ikat Silang
Dengan Variasi Derajat Deasetilasi Terhadap Vitamin B-12. Kampus
ITS,Surabaya 60111
Sastrohamidjojo, & Hardjono.(1992). Spektroskopi Inframerah. Yogyakarta :
Liberty.
Senel, S., & McClure, S. J. (2004). Potential applications of chitosan in veterinary
medicine. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 56, 1467–1480.
Siverstein, M., Robert, Bassler, Clayton, G., Morril, C., & Trence. (1986).
Penyidikan Spektrometik Senyawa Organik. Jakarta : Erlangga.
Sopyan, I. 2001. Kimia Polimer. Jakarta. Pradnya Paramita.
Speer, D. P., Chvapil, M., Eskelson, C. D., & Ulreich, J. (1980). Biological effects of
residual glutaraldehyde in glutaraldehyde-tanned collagen biomaterials.
Journal of Biomedical Material Research, 14, 753–764.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Sudarmadji, Slamet, Haryono, Bambang, & Suhardi. (1989). Analisa Bahan
Makanan danPertanian. Yogyakarta : Liberty
Sugita, P., dkk. (2009). Kitosan : Sumber Biomaterial Masa Depan. Bogor : IPB
Prees. Hal. 30-37.
Sung, H. W., Huang, R. N., Huang, L. L. H., & Tsai, C. C. (1999). In vitro
evaluation of cytotoxicity of a naturally occurring crosslinking reagent for
biological tissue fixation. Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition,
10(1), 63–78.
Taylor M.M., K. Ding, and E.M. Brown. Genipin-modified gelatin: preparation,
characterization, and application as a filler for leather. Journal college of
Chemistry & Evironmental Protection Engineering, Southwest University for
Nationalities, China
Tokura, S. (1994). Specification and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan.
Malaysia : Proceding Symposium UKM.
Tsai, T. H., Westly, J., Lee, T. F., & Chen, C. F. (1994). Identification and
determination of geniposide, genipin, gardenoside, and geniposidic acid from
herbs by HPLC/ photodiode-array detection. Journal of Liquid
Chromatography, 17, 2199–2205.
Whitten, A.J., S.J. Damanik, J. Anwar, N. Hisyam. (2000). The Ecology of Sumatra.
Singapore : Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. pp. 98-99.
Wirjisentono, B. (1996). Analisis dan karakterisasi polimer.Medan. Usu Press
Yao, X. S., Wu, L. J., & Wu, J. Z. (2004). Natural medicinal chemistry (4th ed.).
Beijing,China: People’s Medicinal Publishing House. Vol. 220.
Yuan, Y., Chestnutt, B. M., Haggard, W. O., Bumgardner, J. D., & Muzzarelli, R. A.
A. (2008). Genipin crosslinked chitosans for drug release. In R. Jayakumar &
A. Prabaharan (Eds.), Chitin and chitosan in biomaterial science. Trivandrum,
India: Research Signpost.
Universitas Sumatera Utara