The Effect of Bio Liquid Fertilizer Application on The Growth and Yield of Two Varieties of Maize (Zea mays L.) | Maulana | Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter 5848 11974 1 PB
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
The Effe ct of Bio Liquid Fe r t iliz e r Applica t ion on The
Gr ow t h a nd Yie ld of Tw o Va r ie t ie s of M a iz e ( Ze a m a ys L.)
1
Zikril Maulana,
2*
Zait un, and 2 Jum ini
1
Alum nus of Agrot echnology St udy Program m e, Agricult ure Facult y, Syiah Kuala Universit y,
Banda Aceh, I ndonesia;
2
Lect urer of Agrot echnology St udy Program m e, Agricult ure Facult y, Syiah Kuala Universit y,
Banda Aceh, I ndonesia;
* Corresponding Aut hor : zait undara@ym ail.com
Abst ra ct
The research was conduct ed at t he ex perim ent al field of Assessm ent I n st it ut e for Agricult ural
Technology ( BPTP) Lam pineung Banda Aceh. The ex perim ent al arranged in a random ized
com plat e block design in a fact orial design wit h t hree replicat ions. Bio liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen
consist ed of four lev els, i.e. wit hout liquid fert ilizer ( P0 ) , 0, 8 lit er ha - 1 ( P1 ) , 1,7 lit er ha - 1 ( P2 ) ,
and 2,5 lit er ha - 1 ( P3 ) . Variet ies consist ed of t w o lev els, i.e. Pert iwi ( V1 ) and Local Aceh ( V 2 ) .
Param et ers observ ed in t his research were plant height and num ber of leav es aged 15, 30, an d
45 day s aft er plant ing, corn lengt h wit h cornhu sk and wit hout corn husk , corn diam et er w it h
cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk , cor n weight wit h cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk , weight of
100 grain dry seeds, shelled seeds weight dry per plant and y ield. The result showed t hat
concent rat ion of 0.8 lit er ha - 1 giv es bet t er result s com pared t o concent rat ion s of ot her bio
liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen, and Local Aceh v ariet y of m aize crop is bet t er com pared t o Pert iw i
v ariet y
Ke y w ords: Bio fert ilizer, m aize, v ariet ies
I nt r oduct ion
Maize ( Zea m ays L.) is one com m odit y crops t hat have part icular significance after rice in I ndonesia.
Effort s t o furt her enhance t he product ivit y of m aize should be supported by seed supply superior and
has a high adapt abilit y t o t he environm ent sub- optim um . The low product ivit y of m aize is due t o
several fact ors, including the use of qualit y seed and inorganic fert ilizer use unbalanced.
Fert ilizat ion is one way t o increase t he product ion of corn. Fert ilizat ion is one act ivit y t hat can im prove
physical, chem ical and biological com posit ion of t he soil in increasing nut rient needs required by the
plant. I n general, t he benefit s of fert ilizer is t o provide nut rients t hat are less or not available in t he
soil t o support plant growt h ( Lingga and Marsono, 2007) .
The use of organic fert ilizers can im prove soil st ruct ure, pH, soil aerat ion and increases t he growt h of
m icroorganism s in t he soil. One of organic fert ilizer used is biological liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen. Bio
liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen is produced from nano t echnologies are m ade from a collect ion of
m icroorganism s ( Rhizobium sp, Azospirillum sp, Azlot obacter sp, Pseudom onas sp, Bacillus sp,
Lactobacillus sp, Accharom yses sp, t richoderm a, act inom ycetes) which can cooperate wit h t he plant s
in t he absorpt ion of nut rients. Also included within t he fert ilizer nut rient s t hat can becom e a catalyst
and t riggers t he growt h of m icroorganism s and plant s so t hat opt im al perform ance of m icroorganism s.
Concent rat ion of bio liquid fert ilizer recom m endat ion for corn is 1 lit er ha - 1 Ult ra Gen ( POC Brochure
Ult ra Gen, 2014) . I n addit ion t o t he use of fert ilizers which can increase t he product ion of m aize, t he
use of variet ies is also crucial in t erm s of increasing product ion of m aize is opt im al. Yielding variet ies
have propert ies such as high yield, resistant t o biot ic and abiot ic st ress ( Research and Developm ent,
2004) .
At t his t im e Aceh has produced open pollinated seed corn or m aize com posite. The nam e of t he m aize
is m aize variet ies com posite Aceh ( Local Aceh) . Com posite m aize variet ies Aceh is seeds produced by
t he Center for Hort iculture Seeds Saree ( Aceh) in cooperat ion wit h t he I nt ernat ional Corn Foundat ion
( I CF). Com posit e m aize is t he result of a m arriage bet ween Arj una variet ies from I ndonesia with
Suwan 5 variet ies from Thailand. Com posite m aize is not current ly released t o farm ers because it is
st ill in t he st age of yield t rials process, part icularly influences agronom ic pract ices such as crop densit y
or spacing of plant ing and fert ilizat ion.
Based on t hese problem s it is necessary t o invest igat e t he effect of bio liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen on
growth and yield of t wo variet ies of m aize plant s. This st udy aim s t o determ ine t he effect of bio liquid
fert ilizer Ult ra Gen on growt h and yield of t wo variet ies of m aize plant s as well as t he interact ion
bet ween the two fact ors ( bio liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen and m aize variet ies).
224
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
M a t e r ia ls a nd M e t hods
The research was conduct ed at t he experim ent al field of Assessm ent I nst it ute for Agricult ural
Technology (BPTP) Lam pineung Banda Aceh. The experim ent al arranged in a random ized com plat e
block design in a fact orial design wit h t hree replications. Bio liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen consisted of
four levels, i.e. wit hout liquid fert ilizer ( P0 ) , 0,8 lit er ha - 1 ( P1 ) , 1,7 lit er ha - 1 ( P2 ) , and 2,5 lit er ha - 1
( P3 ) . Variet ies consisted of t wo levels, i.e. Pert iwi ( V1 ) and Local Aceh ( V2 ). Param et ers observed in
t his research were plant height and num ber of leaves aged 15, 30 and 45 days after plant ing, corn
lengt h wit h cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk, corn diam eter wit h cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk, corn
weight wit h cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk, weight of 100 grain dry seeds, shelled seeds weight dry
per plant and yield.
Results a nd D iscussion
Effe ct of Bio Liquid Fe r t iliz er Ult r a Ge n on Gr ow th a nd Yield of M a iz e
The average value of t he observed variables can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1. The average growt h of m aize plant s in the veget at ive and generat ive phase due to t he
influence of bio fert ilizers Ult ra Gen
Bio Liquid Fer t iliz e r Ult r a Gen ( lit e r ha - 1 )
Va r iables
Age
P0
P1
P2
P3
15 DAP
35.30
40.73
43.06
40.25
Plant height
30 DAP
88.67
104.36
98.91
94.09
( cm )
45 DAP
175.26
185.80
188.63
176.20
15 DAP
5.15
7.00
7.18
6.95
Leave num ber ( t otal)
30 DAP
9.69
10.78
10.67
10.06
45 DAP
14.20 a
15.32 b
15.06 ab
14.95 a
wit h cornhusk
24.01
24.54
25.21
23.29
Corn lengt h ( cm )
wit hout cornhusk
17.41
17.74
17.59
17.03
wit h cornhusk
4.83
4.74
4.77
4.66
Corn diam eter ( cm )
wit hout cornhusk
4.41
4.35
4.37
4.26
wit h cornhusk
195.82
200.86
202.52
185.73
Corn weight ( g)
wit hout cornhusk
150.98
155.96
157.11
142.18
Weight of 100 grains dry seed ( g)
28.14
28.63
34.38
31.67
Dry seed weight per plant (g)
163.65
169.89
173.54
174.12
Yield ( t on ha - 1 )
5.84
6.07
6.20
6.22
The result showed t hat fert ilizer t reat m ent significant ly affected t he num ber of leaves 45 days aft er
plant ing ( DAP) and not significant ly affected on plant height 15, 30, and 45 DAP, leave num ber 15 and
30 DAP, corn lengt h with cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk, corn diam et er with cornhusk and wit hout
cornhusk, corn weight wit h cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk, weight of 100 grains dry seed, dry seed
weight per plant , and yield.
Table 1 shows t hat t he num ber of leave 45 DAP m ore prevalent in Ult ra Gen fert ilizer 0.8 lit er ha - 1 ( P1 )
t reat m ent . I t is suspected t hat bio liquid fert ilizers Ult ra Gen applied t o t he soil m ay st im ulat e the
growth of m aize plant s, bio liquid fert ilizer also cont ains m acro and m icro nut rients and
m icroorganism s t hat are sym biot ic wit h plants. This is appropriate wit h Mashar ( 2008) opinion t hat
t he bio liquid fert ilizer will provide bett er growt h because of t he fert ilizer containing m acro and m icro
nut rient s and horm ones that can supply nut rient s for m aize crops. I t is also st at ed by Novizan ( 2002)
fert ilizer containing nut rient s N, P, K can increase growt h and yield of corn and protein content in corn
seed. Lingga and Marsono ( 2007) st at es t hat t he fertilizer wit h excessive concent rat ion or deficiencies
can harm plants, proper dosage is able t o im prove and enhance plant growt h.
The result s showed t hat t he bio liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen not significant ly effect on plant height at t he
age of 15, 30, and 45 days after plant ing, leaf num ber age 15 and 30 DAP, corn length wit h cornhusk
and without cornhusk, corn diam et er wit h cornhusk and without cornhusk, corn weight wit h cornhusk
and wit hout cornhusk, weight of 100 grain dry seeds, shelled seeds weight dry per plant and yield.
This is presum ably because bio liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen are not well est ablished t o im prove the soil
physical, biological and chem ical propert ies. Stepniewski et al. ( 2000) suggest t hat t he decreasing of
biological act ivit y in t he soil m ore influenced by m anagem ent of t illage and im prove soil fert ilit y. I n
line wit h the statem ent Sutedj o ( 2002) and Alexander (2003) which stat es that t he plant will not
provide m axim um result s if t he necessary nut rient s are not available.
225
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Effe ct of M a iz e Var ie t ies on Gr ow th a nd Yie ld of M a iz e
The result showed t hat t he variet ies t reat m ent very significant ly effect on plant height at 15, 30, and
45 days after plant ing, t he num ber of leaves at t he age of 30 and 45 DAP, corn lengt h wit h cornhusk,
corn diam eter wit h cornhusk and without cornhusk; and significant ly affect on t he num ber of leaves
on age 15 DAP, corn lengt h wit hout cornhusk; and not significant ly effect on corn weight wit h
cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk, weight of 100 grain dry seeds, shelled seeds weight dry per plant and
yield. The value of t he observed variables can be seen in Table 2.
Table 2. The average growt h of m aize plant s in the veget at ive and generat ive phase
Va r ie t ies
Va r iables
Age
V1
V2
15 DAP
32.94 a
46.74 b
Plant height ( cm )
30 DAP
81.23 a
111.79 b
45 DAP
163.56 a
199.38 b
15 DAP
5.76 a
7.38 b
Leave num ber ( t otal)
30 DAP
9.31 a
11.28 b
45 DAP
14.38 a
15.38 b
wit h cornhusk
22.40 a
26.12 b
Corn lengt h ( cm )
wit hout cornhusk
16.56 a
18.33 b
wit h cornhusk
4.97 b
4.53 a
Corn diam eter ( cm )
wit hout cornhusk
4.61 b
4.09 a
wit h cornhusk
205.78
186.68
Corn weight ( g)
wit hout cornhusk
144.13
158.98
Weight of 100 grains dry seed ( g)
31.44
29.97
Dry seed weight per plant (g)
168.55
172.04
Yield ( t on ha - 1 )
6.02
6.14
Table 2 showed t hat Local Aceh variet y ( V2 ) provide the best growt h com pared t o Pert iwi variet y ( V1 ) .
I t is presum ably because Local Aceh variet y has high growt h pot ent ial and yield, adapt abilit y t o t he
environm ent com pared t o Pert iwi variet y. This is in accordance wit h the opinion Hardj adi ( 1996) t hat
each variet y is always t here are differences in genotype response t o t he environm ent al condit ions at
t he place growth. Gardner et al., ( 1991) adds t hat in addit ion t o t he high and low growt h and
product ion of m aize is influenced by t wo fact ors: int ernal fact ors and external fact ors. I nternal fact ors
are fact ors t hat are influenced by genet ic t rait or t rait s derivat ives such as age of t he plant , plant
m orphology, yield, capacit y t o st ore food reserves, resist ance to diseases and ot her external fact ors.
Ext ernal factors are environm ental factors, such as clim ate, soil and biot ic fact ors.
Based on the above explanat ion t hat the Local Aceh variet y has a power level of environm ent al
adaptat ion of higher and m ore rapid veget at ive growt h com pared wit h Pert iwi variet y. This is can be
seen in the growt h and yield of m aize was significant ly higher in Local Aceh variet y in accordance wit h
a local environm ental condit ion. Dj oko ( 2003) st ates t hat t he m axim um product ion on each variet y is
influenced by genet ic fact ors and t he local environm ent , but at t he t im e of filling t he seed in t he cob is
affected by environm ent factors. Plant weight , seed form at ion unt il m aturat ion is also influenced by
clim at ic fact ors ( Karam oy, 2009) .
The observat ion of corn weight with cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk, weight of 100 grain dry seeds,
shelled seeds weight dry per plant and yield do not show a significant effect on t he t reat m ent of
variet ies. I t is suspected t hat t hese variet ies have not been able to adapt t o t he environm ent and t he
growth of. The environm ent is not t he sam e in a place also affect t he developm ent and adapt abilit y of
som e variet ies is also influenced by genet ic fact ors and environm ent al fact ors on t he charact er of
t hese variet ies. Sit om pul and Gurit no (1995) research results that t he appearance of crop diversit y
m ay result from differences in plant t rait s ( genet ics) or differences in environm ental condit ions or
bot h.
I nt e r a ct ion Be tw e e n Tr e a t m e nt Fe r t iliz er a nd Va r ie t ies
Results of research conducted in t he field showed t hat t here was no significant int eract ion between bio
liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen and variet ies for all t he observed variables. I t is alleged t hat bio liquid
fert ilizer Ult ra Gen does not depend on t he variet ies t est ed, because t he exact concent rat ion of bio
liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen can increase soil fert ilit y and also provide nut rient s for bet ter growt h and
yield of m aize plant . Variet ies t reat m ent does not depend on a given bio liquid fert ilizer and vice
versa.
226
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Conclusions
1. Concent rat ion of 0.8 lit er ha - 1 gives bett er result s com pared to concent rat ions of ot her bio liquid
fert ilizer Ult ra Gen.
2. Local Aceh variet y of m aize crop is bet ter com pared to Pert iwi variet y.
Re fe re n ce s
Brosur. ( 20 14) . Organic Liquid Fert ilizer Ult ra Gen.
Dj ok o. M. ( 2003) . Herit abilit y and Cross Phenot y pic Charact erist ics Som e st rain s of Soy bean ( Gly cine Max . ( L.)
Merrill) .
Gardner, F. P., R. B. Pear ce, and R. L. Mit chell. ( 1 991) . Ph y siology Plant Cult iv at ion. I nt erpret er : Herawat i Su silo.
Univ ersit y of I ndonesia Press. Jak art a. 428p.
Karam oy . L. ( 20 09) . Clim at e Relat ion ship Wit h Soy bean Gr owt h. Journal of Soil Science. Vol. 7 No. 1, April 2009 :
65- 68.
Lingga, P. dan Marsono. ( 200 7) . I nst r uct ions for Use Fert ilizer. Penebar Swaday a. Jak art a. 87 p.
Mashar, A. ( 20 00) . Biological Technology Bio- P 2000 Z For Effort s To Spur Pr oduct iv it y Organic Farm ing in Marginal
Land.. Paper present ed in t he work shops and t raining in organic t echnology at Cibit ung on May 22, 2000.
Nov izan. ( 2002 ) . Effect iv e Fert ilizat ion I nst ruct ions. PT. Agrom edia, Jak art a. 114p.
Sit om pul, S.M. and Gurit no. ( 1995 ) . Analy sis of Plant Growt h. UGM Press, Yogy ak art a.
Sut edj o, M. M. and Kart asapoet ra. ( 1990 ) . Plant ing Corn. Penebar Swaday a. Jak art a. 59 p.
St êpniewsk i W., St êpniewsk a Z., Gliñsk i J., Brzeziñsk a M., Wlodarczy k T., Przy w ara G., Varally ay G, and Raj k ai K.
( 2000) . Dehy drogenase Act iv it y of Som e Hungarian Soils as Relat ed t o Their Wat er and Aerat ion St at us. I nt .
Agrophy sics, 14: 341 –354.
227
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
The Effe ct of Bio Liquid Fe r t iliz e r Applica t ion on The
Gr ow t h a nd Yie ld of Tw o Va r ie t ie s of M a iz e ( Ze a m a ys L.)
1
Zikril Maulana,
2*
Zait un, and 2 Jum ini
1
Alum nus of Agrot echnology St udy Program m e, Agricult ure Facult y, Syiah Kuala Universit y,
Banda Aceh, I ndonesia;
2
Lect urer of Agrot echnology St udy Program m e, Agricult ure Facult y, Syiah Kuala Universit y,
Banda Aceh, I ndonesia;
* Corresponding Aut hor : zait undara@ym ail.com
Abst ra ct
The research was conduct ed at t he ex perim ent al field of Assessm ent I n st it ut e for Agricult ural
Technology ( BPTP) Lam pineung Banda Aceh. The ex perim ent al arranged in a random ized
com plat e block design in a fact orial design wit h t hree replicat ions. Bio liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen
consist ed of four lev els, i.e. wit hout liquid fert ilizer ( P0 ) , 0, 8 lit er ha - 1 ( P1 ) , 1,7 lit er ha - 1 ( P2 ) ,
and 2,5 lit er ha - 1 ( P3 ) . Variet ies consist ed of t w o lev els, i.e. Pert iwi ( V1 ) and Local Aceh ( V 2 ) .
Param et ers observ ed in t his research were plant height and num ber of leav es aged 15, 30, an d
45 day s aft er plant ing, corn lengt h wit h cornhu sk and wit hout corn husk , corn diam et er w it h
cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk , cor n weight wit h cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk , weight of
100 grain dry seeds, shelled seeds weight dry per plant and y ield. The result showed t hat
concent rat ion of 0.8 lit er ha - 1 giv es bet t er result s com pared t o concent rat ion s of ot her bio
liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen, and Local Aceh v ariet y of m aize crop is bet t er com pared t o Pert iw i
v ariet y
Ke y w ords: Bio fert ilizer, m aize, v ariet ies
I nt r oduct ion
Maize ( Zea m ays L.) is one com m odit y crops t hat have part icular significance after rice in I ndonesia.
Effort s t o furt her enhance t he product ivit y of m aize should be supported by seed supply superior and
has a high adapt abilit y t o t he environm ent sub- optim um . The low product ivit y of m aize is due t o
several fact ors, including the use of qualit y seed and inorganic fert ilizer use unbalanced.
Fert ilizat ion is one way t o increase t he product ion of corn. Fert ilizat ion is one act ivit y t hat can im prove
physical, chem ical and biological com posit ion of t he soil in increasing nut rient needs required by the
plant. I n general, t he benefit s of fert ilizer is t o provide nut rients t hat are less or not available in t he
soil t o support plant growt h ( Lingga and Marsono, 2007) .
The use of organic fert ilizers can im prove soil st ruct ure, pH, soil aerat ion and increases t he growt h of
m icroorganism s in t he soil. One of organic fert ilizer used is biological liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen. Bio
liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen is produced from nano t echnologies are m ade from a collect ion of
m icroorganism s ( Rhizobium sp, Azospirillum sp, Azlot obacter sp, Pseudom onas sp, Bacillus sp,
Lactobacillus sp, Accharom yses sp, t richoderm a, act inom ycetes) which can cooperate wit h t he plant s
in t he absorpt ion of nut rients. Also included within t he fert ilizer nut rient s t hat can becom e a catalyst
and t riggers t he growt h of m icroorganism s and plant s so t hat opt im al perform ance of m icroorganism s.
Concent rat ion of bio liquid fert ilizer recom m endat ion for corn is 1 lit er ha - 1 Ult ra Gen ( POC Brochure
Ult ra Gen, 2014) . I n addit ion t o t he use of fert ilizers which can increase t he product ion of m aize, t he
use of variet ies is also crucial in t erm s of increasing product ion of m aize is opt im al. Yielding variet ies
have propert ies such as high yield, resistant t o biot ic and abiot ic st ress ( Research and Developm ent,
2004) .
At t his t im e Aceh has produced open pollinated seed corn or m aize com posite. The nam e of t he m aize
is m aize variet ies com posite Aceh ( Local Aceh) . Com posite m aize variet ies Aceh is seeds produced by
t he Center for Hort iculture Seeds Saree ( Aceh) in cooperat ion wit h t he I nt ernat ional Corn Foundat ion
( I CF). Com posit e m aize is t he result of a m arriage bet ween Arj una variet ies from I ndonesia with
Suwan 5 variet ies from Thailand. Com posite m aize is not current ly released t o farm ers because it is
st ill in t he st age of yield t rials process, part icularly influences agronom ic pract ices such as crop densit y
or spacing of plant ing and fert ilizat ion.
Based on t hese problem s it is necessary t o invest igat e t he effect of bio liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen on
growth and yield of t wo variet ies of m aize plant s. This st udy aim s t o determ ine t he effect of bio liquid
fert ilizer Ult ra Gen on growt h and yield of t wo variet ies of m aize plant s as well as t he interact ion
bet ween the two fact ors ( bio liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen and m aize variet ies).
224
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
M a t e r ia ls a nd M e t hods
The research was conduct ed at t he experim ent al field of Assessm ent I nst it ute for Agricult ural
Technology (BPTP) Lam pineung Banda Aceh. The experim ent al arranged in a random ized com plat e
block design in a fact orial design wit h t hree replications. Bio liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen consisted of
four levels, i.e. wit hout liquid fert ilizer ( P0 ) , 0,8 lit er ha - 1 ( P1 ) , 1,7 lit er ha - 1 ( P2 ) , and 2,5 lit er ha - 1
( P3 ) . Variet ies consisted of t wo levels, i.e. Pert iwi ( V1 ) and Local Aceh ( V2 ). Param et ers observed in
t his research were plant height and num ber of leaves aged 15, 30 and 45 days after plant ing, corn
lengt h wit h cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk, corn diam eter wit h cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk, corn
weight wit h cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk, weight of 100 grain dry seeds, shelled seeds weight dry
per plant and yield.
Results a nd D iscussion
Effe ct of Bio Liquid Fe r t iliz er Ult r a Ge n on Gr ow th a nd Yield of M a iz e
The average value of t he observed variables can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1. The average growt h of m aize plant s in the veget at ive and generat ive phase due to t he
influence of bio fert ilizers Ult ra Gen
Bio Liquid Fer t iliz e r Ult r a Gen ( lit e r ha - 1 )
Va r iables
Age
P0
P1
P2
P3
15 DAP
35.30
40.73
43.06
40.25
Plant height
30 DAP
88.67
104.36
98.91
94.09
( cm )
45 DAP
175.26
185.80
188.63
176.20
15 DAP
5.15
7.00
7.18
6.95
Leave num ber ( t otal)
30 DAP
9.69
10.78
10.67
10.06
45 DAP
14.20 a
15.32 b
15.06 ab
14.95 a
wit h cornhusk
24.01
24.54
25.21
23.29
Corn lengt h ( cm )
wit hout cornhusk
17.41
17.74
17.59
17.03
wit h cornhusk
4.83
4.74
4.77
4.66
Corn diam eter ( cm )
wit hout cornhusk
4.41
4.35
4.37
4.26
wit h cornhusk
195.82
200.86
202.52
185.73
Corn weight ( g)
wit hout cornhusk
150.98
155.96
157.11
142.18
Weight of 100 grains dry seed ( g)
28.14
28.63
34.38
31.67
Dry seed weight per plant (g)
163.65
169.89
173.54
174.12
Yield ( t on ha - 1 )
5.84
6.07
6.20
6.22
The result showed t hat fert ilizer t reat m ent significant ly affected t he num ber of leaves 45 days aft er
plant ing ( DAP) and not significant ly affected on plant height 15, 30, and 45 DAP, leave num ber 15 and
30 DAP, corn lengt h with cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk, corn diam et er with cornhusk and wit hout
cornhusk, corn weight wit h cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk, weight of 100 grains dry seed, dry seed
weight per plant , and yield.
Table 1 shows t hat t he num ber of leave 45 DAP m ore prevalent in Ult ra Gen fert ilizer 0.8 lit er ha - 1 ( P1 )
t reat m ent . I t is suspected t hat bio liquid fert ilizers Ult ra Gen applied t o t he soil m ay st im ulat e the
growth of m aize plant s, bio liquid fert ilizer also cont ains m acro and m icro nut rients and
m icroorganism s t hat are sym biot ic wit h plants. This is appropriate wit h Mashar ( 2008) opinion t hat
t he bio liquid fert ilizer will provide bett er growt h because of t he fert ilizer containing m acro and m icro
nut rient s and horm ones that can supply nut rient s for m aize crops. I t is also st at ed by Novizan ( 2002)
fert ilizer containing nut rient s N, P, K can increase growt h and yield of corn and protein content in corn
seed. Lingga and Marsono ( 2007) st at es t hat t he fertilizer wit h excessive concent rat ion or deficiencies
can harm plants, proper dosage is able t o im prove and enhance plant growt h.
The result s showed t hat t he bio liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen not significant ly effect on plant height at t he
age of 15, 30, and 45 days after plant ing, leaf num ber age 15 and 30 DAP, corn length wit h cornhusk
and without cornhusk, corn diam et er wit h cornhusk and without cornhusk, corn weight wit h cornhusk
and wit hout cornhusk, weight of 100 grain dry seeds, shelled seeds weight dry per plant and yield.
This is presum ably because bio liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen are not well est ablished t o im prove the soil
physical, biological and chem ical propert ies. Stepniewski et al. ( 2000) suggest t hat t he decreasing of
biological act ivit y in t he soil m ore influenced by m anagem ent of t illage and im prove soil fert ilit y. I n
line wit h the statem ent Sutedj o ( 2002) and Alexander (2003) which stat es that t he plant will not
provide m axim um result s if t he necessary nut rient s are not available.
225
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Effe ct of M a iz e Var ie t ies on Gr ow th a nd Yie ld of M a iz e
The result showed t hat t he variet ies t reat m ent very significant ly effect on plant height at 15, 30, and
45 days after plant ing, t he num ber of leaves at t he age of 30 and 45 DAP, corn lengt h wit h cornhusk,
corn diam eter wit h cornhusk and without cornhusk; and significant ly affect on t he num ber of leaves
on age 15 DAP, corn lengt h wit hout cornhusk; and not significant ly effect on corn weight wit h
cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk, weight of 100 grain dry seeds, shelled seeds weight dry per plant and
yield. The value of t he observed variables can be seen in Table 2.
Table 2. The average growt h of m aize plant s in the veget at ive and generat ive phase
Va r ie t ies
Va r iables
Age
V1
V2
15 DAP
32.94 a
46.74 b
Plant height ( cm )
30 DAP
81.23 a
111.79 b
45 DAP
163.56 a
199.38 b
15 DAP
5.76 a
7.38 b
Leave num ber ( t otal)
30 DAP
9.31 a
11.28 b
45 DAP
14.38 a
15.38 b
wit h cornhusk
22.40 a
26.12 b
Corn lengt h ( cm )
wit hout cornhusk
16.56 a
18.33 b
wit h cornhusk
4.97 b
4.53 a
Corn diam eter ( cm )
wit hout cornhusk
4.61 b
4.09 a
wit h cornhusk
205.78
186.68
Corn weight ( g)
wit hout cornhusk
144.13
158.98
Weight of 100 grains dry seed ( g)
31.44
29.97
Dry seed weight per plant (g)
168.55
172.04
Yield ( t on ha - 1 )
6.02
6.14
Table 2 showed t hat Local Aceh variet y ( V2 ) provide the best growt h com pared t o Pert iwi variet y ( V1 ) .
I t is presum ably because Local Aceh variet y has high growt h pot ent ial and yield, adapt abilit y t o t he
environm ent com pared t o Pert iwi variet y. This is in accordance wit h the opinion Hardj adi ( 1996) t hat
each variet y is always t here are differences in genotype response t o t he environm ent al condit ions at
t he place growth. Gardner et al., ( 1991) adds t hat in addit ion t o t he high and low growt h and
product ion of m aize is influenced by t wo fact ors: int ernal fact ors and external fact ors. I nternal fact ors
are fact ors t hat are influenced by genet ic t rait or t rait s derivat ives such as age of t he plant , plant
m orphology, yield, capacit y t o st ore food reserves, resist ance to diseases and ot her external fact ors.
Ext ernal factors are environm ental factors, such as clim ate, soil and biot ic fact ors.
Based on the above explanat ion t hat the Local Aceh variet y has a power level of environm ent al
adaptat ion of higher and m ore rapid veget at ive growt h com pared wit h Pert iwi variet y. This is can be
seen in the growt h and yield of m aize was significant ly higher in Local Aceh variet y in accordance wit h
a local environm ental condit ion. Dj oko ( 2003) st ates t hat t he m axim um product ion on each variet y is
influenced by genet ic fact ors and t he local environm ent , but at t he t im e of filling t he seed in t he cob is
affected by environm ent factors. Plant weight , seed form at ion unt il m aturat ion is also influenced by
clim at ic fact ors ( Karam oy, 2009) .
The observat ion of corn weight with cornhusk and wit hout cornhusk, weight of 100 grain dry seeds,
shelled seeds weight dry per plant and yield do not show a significant effect on t he t reat m ent of
variet ies. I t is suspected t hat t hese variet ies have not been able to adapt t o t he environm ent and t he
growth of. The environm ent is not t he sam e in a place also affect t he developm ent and adapt abilit y of
som e variet ies is also influenced by genet ic fact ors and environm ent al fact ors on t he charact er of
t hese variet ies. Sit om pul and Gurit no (1995) research results that t he appearance of crop diversit y
m ay result from differences in plant t rait s ( genet ics) or differences in environm ental condit ions or
bot h.
I nt e r a ct ion Be tw e e n Tr e a t m e nt Fe r t iliz er a nd Va r ie t ies
Results of research conducted in t he field showed t hat t here was no significant int eract ion between bio
liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen and variet ies for all t he observed variables. I t is alleged t hat bio liquid
fert ilizer Ult ra Gen does not depend on t he variet ies t est ed, because t he exact concent rat ion of bio
liquid fert ilizer Ult ra Gen can increase soil fert ilit y and also provide nut rient s for bet ter growt h and
yield of m aize plant . Variet ies t reat m ent does not depend on a given bio liquid fert ilizer and vice
versa.
226
Proceedings of The 5 th Annual I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2015
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8 th I nt ernat ional Conference of Chem ical Engineering on Science and Applicat ions ( ChESA) 2015
Sept em ber 9- 11, 2015, Banda Aceh, I ndonesia
Conclusions
1. Concent rat ion of 0.8 lit er ha - 1 gives bett er result s com pared to concent rat ions of ot her bio liquid
fert ilizer Ult ra Gen.
2. Local Aceh variet y of m aize crop is bet ter com pared to Pert iwi variet y.
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