APLIKASI BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT (BAL) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR TRIGLISERIDA DARAH PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus) Skripsi
APLIKASI BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT (BAL) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR TRIGLISERIDA DARAH PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus)
Skripsi
Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Meraih Gelar Sarjana Sains Jurusan Biologi pada Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi
UIN Alauddin Makassar Oleh:
NURJANNAH
NIM.60300110039 FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI JURUSAN BIOLOGI
Dengan penuh kesadaran, penyusun yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini benar adalah hasil karya penyusun sendiri. Jika di kemudian hari terbukti bahwa ia merupakan duplikat, tiruan, plagiat, atau dibuat oleh orang lain, sebagian atau seluruhnya, maka skripsi dan gelar yang diperoleh karenanya batal demi hukum.
Makassar, 04 Februari 2014 Penyusun,
Nurjannah NIM: 60300110039
KATA PENGANTAR
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.Segala keberhasilan dan kesuksesan manusia sebagai makhluk yang diciptakan tidak terlepas dari Sang Kholiq, maka puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT. dengan segala taufiq dan hidayahNya serta inayahNya yang senantiasa terlimpahkan kepada hambaNya, sehingga penulisan skripsi dengan judul “Aplikasi Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Trigliserida Darah Pada Mencit (Mus musculus)” dapat terselesaikan.
Sholawat dan salam semoga selalu tercurah limpahkan kepada pelita hati umat Islam, Nabi Muhammad SAW, yang dengan jiwa sucinya penuh pengorbanan dan keihklasan telah membimbing dan menuntun umatnya ke jalan yang benar dan di Ridhoi oleh Allah SWT.
Selesainya skripsi ini tidak terlepas dari kontribusi dari berbagai pihak, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, untuk itu penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang tak hingga kepada: ⦁ Prof. Dr. H. A. Qadir Gassing HT., M.S selaku Rektor Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Alauddin Makassar yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk mengikuti proses belajar S-1.
⦁ Dr. Muh. Khalifah Mustami, M. Pd selaku Dekan Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin, Makassar sekaligus dosen penguji utama.
⦁ Fatmawati Nur Khalik, S. Si., M. Si selaku Ketua jurusan Biologi Fakultas Sains Dan Teknologi UIN Alauddin Makassar sekaligus sebagai dosen pembimbing kedua yang telah dengan sabar memberikan bimbingan, petunjuk, nasehat dan dukungan selama penelitian dan penulisan skripsi ini.
⦁ Hafsan, S. Si., M. Pd selaku dosen pembimbing utama yang tidak pernah mengenal kata lelah dalam mendampingi penulis dan selalu memberikan masukan serta saran guna kesempurnaan skripsi ini serta telah meluangkan waktu, tenaga dan pemikirannya sehingga skripsi ini dapat penulis selesaikan.
⦁ Cut Muthiadin, S. Si., M. Si selaku dosen penguji kedua yang senantiasa memberikan kritik dan saran yang membangun demi kesempurnaan penulisan skripsi ini.
⦁ Muh. Rusydi Rasyid, S. Ag,. M.Ag., M. Ed selaku penguji agama yang telah memberikan pengarahan dan bimbingan dalam mengintegrasikan ilmu biologi dengan agama islam.
⦁ Baiq Farhatul Wahidah , S. Si., M. Si, selaku Kepala Laboratorim Biologi UIN Alauddin Makassar yang telah membantu kelancaran dalam pelaksanaan penelitian ini.
⦁ Dosen Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Sains Dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar yang telah memberikan bimbingan dan banyak ilmu pengetahuan pada penulis selama mengikuti pendidikan S-1.
⦁ Ayahanda Muh. Arsyad dan Ibunda Hasrawati, adikku Hasan dan Husni serta seluruh keluargaku yang telah memberikan dukungan baik moril maupun materiil dan ketulusan kasih sayang serta untaian do'anya yang tak pernah terhenti. ⦁ Sahabat-sahabat terbaik (Anha, Icha, Mita), yang selalu ada dalam suka maupun duka. Kalian takkan tergantikan, bersama kalian adalah hal yang sangat berharga.
⦁ Zarkasi Ashari, S. Pd yang selalu membantu dan memberikan motivasi. Terima kasih karena selalu ada mendampingi, melindungi dan menemani dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini.
Eka Sukmawati M. Si, yang tak pernah lelah dan bosan memberikan bimbingan selama penyelesaian skripsi ini. ⦁ Teman-teman Nackostdodol crew (Fitri, Pitto, Ita n Andri) thanks to semua doa and dukungan kalian.
⦁ Teman-temanku senasib seperjuangan OSMOSIS 2010 yang telah banyak memberi masukan yang InsyaAllah
⦁ bermanfat.
Serta semua pihak yang telah membantu penulis secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. ⦁
Teriring do’a semoga amal yang telah diberikan oleh seluruh pihak tersebut, menjadikan amal yang tiada putus pahalanya. Amien.
Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan skripsi ini jauh dari kesempurnaan dan banyak kekurangan, untuk itu Penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari segenap pembaca dan pemerhati guna penyempurnaan skripsi ini. Penulis berharap semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi penulis khususnya dan pembaca pada umumnya.
Amin Ya Rabbal Alamin.
Makassar, 04 Februari 2014 Penulis
Nurjannah
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. i HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ii HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iii KATA PENGANTAR ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ iv DAFTAR ISI ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................viii DAFTAR TABEL ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ix DAFTAR GAMBAR ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. x DAFTAR GRAFIK ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................xi ABSTRAK ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................xii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................xiiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 ⦁ Latar Belakang .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 ⦁ Rumusan Masalah .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Tujuan Penelitian
⦁ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Manfaat Penelitian
⦁ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 ⦁ Lemak .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 ⦁ Trigliserida .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13 ⦁ Bakteri Asam Laktat Sebagai Probiotik .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18 ⦁ Lactobacillus .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 ⦁ Mencit (Mus musculus) .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 ⦁ Hipotesa
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian
⦁ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Variabel Penelitian
⦁ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35 Defenisi Operasional Variabel
⦁ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35 Ruang Lingkup dan Batasan Penelitian
⦁ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35 Alat Penelitian
⦁ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Bahan Penelitian
⦁ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Prosedur Penelitian...................................................................................37
⦁ Alur Penelitian ........................................................................................ 40
⦁ Analisis Data
⦁ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 41
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 49 ⦁ Hasil Penelitian
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
⦁ Pembahasan .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
BAB V PENUTUP ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51 ⦁ Kesimpulan .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51 ⦁ Saran .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55 LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 58 DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 65
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1. Tingkatan Trigliserida ..................................................................... 18Tabel 4.1. Hasil Pengukuran Kadar trigliserida darah mencit .......................... 41Tabel 4.2. Hasil Uji beda One Way ANOVA .................................................... 42DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1. Struktur kimia trigliserida.........................................................16 Gambar 2.2. Bakteri Lactobacillus acidophilus ...........................................
27 Gambar 2.3. Bakteri L. fermentum ...............................................................
29 Gambar 3.1. Pengelompokan secara acak ....................................................
33 Gambar 3.2. Skema alur penelitian ..............................................................
39
DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 4.1. Grafik Pengukuran Kadar Trigliserida Darah Pada Mencit (Mus
musculus) ............................................................................................. ......43
ABSTRAK
Nama Penyusun : Nurjannah NIM : 60300110039 Judul Skripsi :“Aplikasi Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) Terhadap Penurunan
Kadar Trigliserida Darah Pada Mencit (Mus musculus)” Trigliserida merupakan jenis lemak yang dapat ditemukan dalam darah. Peningkatan kadar trigliserida dalam darah melebihi ambang normal dapat mengakibatkan terbentuknya plak dan gangguan jantung. Untuk itu perlu diupayakan suatu cara untuk menurunkan kadar trigliserida. Salah satu pengupayaan tersebut dilakukan dengan pemberian probiotik yang mengandung bakteri asam laktat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi bakteri asam laktat terhadap penurunan kadar trigliserida darah pada mencit (Mus musculus). Jenis penelitian ini penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dan empat kali ulangan. P0 (tanpa pemberian bakteri asam laktat), P1 (Pemberian suspensi bakteri asam laktat L. acidophilus) dan P2 (pemberian suspensi bakteri asam laktat L. fermentum) selama 7 (tujuh) hari dengan menggunakan metode oral
gavage. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA dan di lanjutkan dengan LSD Post Hoc
Test uji lanjutan beda nyata terkecil atau Least Signifikan Different untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut perbedaan yang
terjadi antar perlakuan dengan menggunakan program Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bakteri asam laktat jenis L. acidophilus dan L. fermentum mampu menurunkan kadar trigliserida darah pada mencit secara nyata (P=0,000) dengan dosis pemberian 1 ml. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan menggunakan parameter yang berbeda seperti kadar glukosa darah, hemoglobin dan sebagainya.
Kata kunci : Trigliserida, bakteri asam laktat, L. acidophilus, L. fermentum
ABSTRACT
Authors Name :Nurjannah NIM :60300110039 Thesis Title :”Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) To Decrease Blood Triglyceride Levels in Mice (Mus
musculus)”
Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood. Increasing levels of triglycerides in the blood more than the normal threshold can couse in the formation of plaque and heart problems. For that it is necessary a way to lower triglyceride levels. One such insistence is done by administering probiotics that contain lactic acid bacteria. This study was conducted to determine the effect of application of lactic acid bacteria to decrease blood triglyceride levels in mice (Mus musculus). This research was experimental design with completely random design. The study consisted of three treatments and four replications. P0 ( without administration of lactic acid bacteria), P1 (granting suspension of lactic acid bacteria L. acidophilus) and P2 (granting suspension of lactic acid bacteria L. fermentum) for 7 (seven) days using oral gavage. The data obtained were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and continue with LSD Post Hoc Test Advanced least significant difference test or Least Significant Different to recognize reatment between treatments using the program Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS).
The results showed that administration of lactic acid bacteria type L. acidophilus and L .fermentum can lower blood triglyceride levels in mice significantly (P =0.000 ) with the administered dose of 1 ml. Based on this study, further research can be done by using different parameters such as blood glucose, hemoglobin, and so on.
Keywords : Triglycerides , lactic acid bacteria , L. acidophilus , L. fermentum
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.
Segala keberhasilan dan kesuksesan manusia sebagai makhluk yang diciptakan tidak terlepas dari Sang Kholiq, maka puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT. dengan segala taufiq dan hidayahNya serta inayahNya yang senantiasa terlimpahkan kepada hambaNya, sehingga penulisan skripsi dengan judul “Aplikasi Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Trigliserida Darah Pada Mencit (Mus musculus)” dapat terselesaikan.
Sholawat dan salam semoga selalu tercurah limpahkan kepada pelita hati umat Islam, Nabi Muhammad SAW, yang dengan jiwa sucinya penuh pengorbanan dan keihklasan telah membimbing dan menuntun umatnya ke jalan yang benar dan di Ridhoi oleh Allah SWT.
Selesainya skripsi ini tidak terlepas dari kontribusi dari berbagai pihak, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, untuk itu penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang tak hingga kepada: ⦁ Prof. Dr. H. A. Qadir Gassing HT., M.S selaku Rektor Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Alauddin Makassar yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk mengikuti proses belajar S-1.
Dr. Muh. Khalifah Mustami, M. Pd selaku Dekan Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri ⦁ Alauddin, Makassar sekaligus dosen penguji utama.
⦁ Fatmawati Nur Khalik, S. Si., M. Si selaku Ketua jurusan Biologi Fakultas Sains Dan Teknologi UIN Alauddin Makassar sekaligus sebagai dosen pembimbing kedua yang telah dengan sabar memberikan bimbingan, petunjuk, nasehat dan dukungan selama penelitian dan penulisan skripsi ini.