USING THE ROLE-PLAY TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE THE SPEAKING SKILLS OF GRADE XI STUDENTS OF SMAN 1 PANGGANG IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2014/2015.
USING THE ROLE-PLAY TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE THE SPEAKING
SKILLS OF GRADE XI STUDENTS OF SMAN 1 PANGGANG IN THE
ACADEMIC YEAR OF
2014/2015
Presented as a Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Attainment of
a Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education
Kunto Laksono Hadi
10202244025
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY
2015
DEDICATIONS
I dedicate this thesis to:
My beloved Parents Sumbiyono and Paryati
Captain Jack Sparrow
Tony Stark
all who supports me
MOTTOS
اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ
ّ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ
ّ ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ
Take what you can. Give nothing back
(Captain Jack Sparrow)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, all praises are to Allah SWT, the Almighty and the
Merciful who always accompanies and helps me. I would like to express greatest gratitude
to my supervisor, Drs. Suharso, M.Pd, for his guidance, corrections, and suggestion in
the accomplishment of this thesis. I also really appreciate the big family of SMA N 1
PANGGANG especially the English teacher and my collaborator, Bambang Sudibyo, S.Pd and
the students of Class XI IIS 2 for the cooperation, support, and help during the research.
I sincerely thank my beloved parents and sister for their never-ending prayer, care, and
support.
Next, I am so grateful to my friends, their care and motivation; all my classmates of Class
H 2010 for the warm friendship and priceless memories.
I hope that this thesis would be useful for the readers. However, I realize that this study
is far from being perfect, so any criticisms, ideas and suggestions for the improvement of this
thesis are greatly appreciated.
Yogyakarta, December 2014
The writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE .....................................................................................................................i
APPROVAL SHEET ....................................................................................................... ii
RATIFICATION SHEET ............................................................................................... iii
PERNYATAAN ................................................................................................................iv
DEDICATIONS ................................................................................................................. v
MOTTOS ...........................................................................................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. viii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................ix
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1
A. Background of the Study ......................................................................................... 1
B. Identification of the Problem ................................................................................... 2
C. Limitation of the Problem ....................................................................................... 6
D. Formulation of the Problem ..................................................................................... 7
E. Objective of the Study ............................................................................................. 7
F. Significance.............................................................................................................. 7
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
8
A. Theoretical Description ............................................................................................ 8
1. Teaching Speaking ............................................................................................ 8
a. The Nature of Speaking ............................................................................. 8
b. Micro-skills of Speaking .......................................................................... 10
c. Criteria of Good Speaking Skills ............................................................. 11
d. Problems of Speaking .............................................................................. 14
e. Principles for Designing Speaking Technique ......................................... 15
f. Teacher’s Role In Teaching Speaking ..................................................... 16
2. Teaching Speaking ......................................................................................... 18
a. Teaching Speaking in Senior high school ................................................ 18
b. Scientific Method ..................................................................................... 20
c. Assessing Speaking .................................................................................. 22
3. The Concepts of Role-Play Technique ........................................................... 24
a. The definition of the Role-Play Technique .............................................. 24
b. Implementation of Role-Play technique to Improve Speaking Skill ....... 27
B. Relevant Research Studies .................................................................................. 30
C. Conceptual Framework ....................................................................................... 30
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
32
A. Type of the Research ............................................................................................. 32
B. Research Setting..................................................................................................... 35
C. Procedure of the Research ..................................................................................... 36
D. Data Collection Techniques ................................................................................... 38
E. Data Analysis ......................................................................................................... 41
F. Validity and Reliability .......................................................................................... 42
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
46
A. Reconnaissance ...................................................................................................... 46
1. Identifying Field Problems.............................................................................. 46
2. The Selection of the Problems to Solve .......................................................... 53
3. Determining the Action to Overcome the Problem ........................................ 54
B. Research Process .................................................................................................... 55
1. Report of cycle 1 ............................................................................................. 55
a. Planning ...................................................................................................... 55
b. Action and observation............................................................................... 56
c. Reflection .................................................................................................. 65
2. Report of cycle 2 ............................................................................................. 77
a. Planning ...................................................................................................... 77
b. Action and observation............................................................................... 78
c. Reflection .................................................................................................. 88
C. Research Findings and Discussion......................................................................... 95
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 101
B. Implications.......................................................................................................... 103
C. Suggestions .......................................................................................................... 103
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 104
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................ 105
A. Field Notes ........................................................................................................... 107
B. Interview Transcripts ........................................................................................... 117
C. Course Grid .......................................................................................................... 132
D. Lesson Plan .......................................................................................................... 142
E. Worksheet ............................................................................................................ 160
F. Observation guidelines......................................................................................... 175
G. Interview Guidelines ............................................................................................ 176
H. Students’ Speaking Score .................................................................................... 178
I. Students’ Work .........................................................................................................
J.
Permit Letters ............................................................................................................
K. Photographs................................................................................................................
USING THE ROLE-PLAY TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE THE SPEAKING
SKILLS OF GRADE XI STUDENTS OF SMAN 1 PANGGANG IN THE
ACADEMIC YEAR OF
2014/2015
By:
Kunto Laksono Hadi
10202244025
ABSTRACT
This research was aimed at improving grade XI IIS students’ speaking skills at
SMA N 1 Panggang by implementing the role-play technique. It was carried out based on
the procedure that had been planned before.
The study was action research. It was conducted in two cycles with two meetings in each
cycle. The subjects of this research were 30 students of class XI IIS 2 at SMAN 1 Panggang.
The data obtained were qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative data were gained from the
observations and the interviews with both the English teacher and the students. The data were
transformed into field notes and interview transcripts. Meanwhile, the quantitative data were
gained from the speaking tests that were administered before the action implementation and
at the end of every cycle. There were five validity principles applied in this research;
they were democratic validity, outcome validity, process validity, catalytic validity, and
dialogic validity. Furthermore, to assess the trustworthiness, three triangulation principles were
implemented: time triangulation, space triangulation, and investigator triangulation. The
actions implemented in this research were implementing the role-play technique, preparing the
worksheet for the students, providing activities that enabled the students to enrich their
vocabulary by encouraging the students to open the dictionary, using various medias during
the teaching and learning, giving more explanation about the use of modal verbs, providing
activities to improve the students pronunciation, and implementing pair work to make them
have more opportunity to practice to speak.
The results of the research showed that the implementation of the role-play technique
in the English teaching and learning process was effective to improve the students’
speaking skills. They could perform more confidently. Moreover, their motivation and
enthusiasm in English learning also improved. Furthermore, there was an increase from 12.9
to 19.3 from the pretest to the posttest. The improvement significant (p
SKILLS OF GRADE XI STUDENTS OF SMAN 1 PANGGANG IN THE
ACADEMIC YEAR OF
2014/2015
Presented as a Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Attainment of
a Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education
Kunto Laksono Hadi
10202244025
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY
2015
DEDICATIONS
I dedicate this thesis to:
My beloved Parents Sumbiyono and Paryati
Captain Jack Sparrow
Tony Stark
all who supports me
MOTTOS
اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ
ّ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ
ّ ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ
Take what you can. Give nothing back
(Captain Jack Sparrow)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, all praises are to Allah SWT, the Almighty and the
Merciful who always accompanies and helps me. I would like to express greatest gratitude
to my supervisor, Drs. Suharso, M.Pd, for his guidance, corrections, and suggestion in
the accomplishment of this thesis. I also really appreciate the big family of SMA N 1
PANGGANG especially the English teacher and my collaborator, Bambang Sudibyo, S.Pd and
the students of Class XI IIS 2 for the cooperation, support, and help during the research.
I sincerely thank my beloved parents and sister for their never-ending prayer, care, and
support.
Next, I am so grateful to my friends, their care and motivation; all my classmates of Class
H 2010 for the warm friendship and priceless memories.
I hope that this thesis would be useful for the readers. However, I realize that this study
is far from being perfect, so any criticisms, ideas and suggestions for the improvement of this
thesis are greatly appreciated.
Yogyakarta, December 2014
The writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE .....................................................................................................................i
APPROVAL SHEET ....................................................................................................... ii
RATIFICATION SHEET ............................................................................................... iii
PERNYATAAN ................................................................................................................iv
DEDICATIONS ................................................................................................................. v
MOTTOS ...........................................................................................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. viii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................ix
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1
A. Background of the Study ......................................................................................... 1
B. Identification of the Problem ................................................................................... 2
C. Limitation of the Problem ....................................................................................... 6
D. Formulation of the Problem ..................................................................................... 7
E. Objective of the Study ............................................................................................. 7
F. Significance.............................................................................................................. 7
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
8
A. Theoretical Description ............................................................................................ 8
1. Teaching Speaking ............................................................................................ 8
a. The Nature of Speaking ............................................................................. 8
b. Micro-skills of Speaking .......................................................................... 10
c. Criteria of Good Speaking Skills ............................................................. 11
d. Problems of Speaking .............................................................................. 14
e. Principles for Designing Speaking Technique ......................................... 15
f. Teacher’s Role In Teaching Speaking ..................................................... 16
2. Teaching Speaking ......................................................................................... 18
a. Teaching Speaking in Senior high school ................................................ 18
b. Scientific Method ..................................................................................... 20
c. Assessing Speaking .................................................................................. 22
3. The Concepts of Role-Play Technique ........................................................... 24
a. The definition of the Role-Play Technique .............................................. 24
b. Implementation of Role-Play technique to Improve Speaking Skill ....... 27
B. Relevant Research Studies .................................................................................. 30
C. Conceptual Framework ....................................................................................... 30
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
32
A. Type of the Research ............................................................................................. 32
B. Research Setting..................................................................................................... 35
C. Procedure of the Research ..................................................................................... 36
D. Data Collection Techniques ................................................................................... 38
E. Data Analysis ......................................................................................................... 41
F. Validity and Reliability .......................................................................................... 42
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
46
A. Reconnaissance ...................................................................................................... 46
1. Identifying Field Problems.............................................................................. 46
2. The Selection of the Problems to Solve .......................................................... 53
3. Determining the Action to Overcome the Problem ........................................ 54
B. Research Process .................................................................................................... 55
1. Report of cycle 1 ............................................................................................. 55
a. Planning ...................................................................................................... 55
b. Action and observation............................................................................... 56
c. Reflection .................................................................................................. 65
2. Report of cycle 2 ............................................................................................. 77
a. Planning ...................................................................................................... 77
b. Action and observation............................................................................... 78
c. Reflection .................................................................................................. 88
C. Research Findings and Discussion......................................................................... 95
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 101
B. Implications.......................................................................................................... 103
C. Suggestions .......................................................................................................... 103
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 104
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................ 105
A. Field Notes ........................................................................................................... 107
B. Interview Transcripts ........................................................................................... 117
C. Course Grid .......................................................................................................... 132
D. Lesson Plan .......................................................................................................... 142
E. Worksheet ............................................................................................................ 160
F. Observation guidelines......................................................................................... 175
G. Interview Guidelines ............................................................................................ 176
H. Students’ Speaking Score .................................................................................... 178
I. Students’ Work .........................................................................................................
J.
Permit Letters ............................................................................................................
K. Photographs................................................................................................................
USING THE ROLE-PLAY TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE THE SPEAKING
SKILLS OF GRADE XI STUDENTS OF SMAN 1 PANGGANG IN THE
ACADEMIC YEAR OF
2014/2015
By:
Kunto Laksono Hadi
10202244025
ABSTRACT
This research was aimed at improving grade XI IIS students’ speaking skills at
SMA N 1 Panggang by implementing the role-play technique. It was carried out based on
the procedure that had been planned before.
The study was action research. It was conducted in two cycles with two meetings in each
cycle. The subjects of this research were 30 students of class XI IIS 2 at SMAN 1 Panggang.
The data obtained were qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative data were gained from the
observations and the interviews with both the English teacher and the students. The data were
transformed into field notes and interview transcripts. Meanwhile, the quantitative data were
gained from the speaking tests that were administered before the action implementation and
at the end of every cycle. There were five validity principles applied in this research;
they were democratic validity, outcome validity, process validity, catalytic validity, and
dialogic validity. Furthermore, to assess the trustworthiness, three triangulation principles were
implemented: time triangulation, space triangulation, and investigator triangulation. The
actions implemented in this research were implementing the role-play technique, preparing the
worksheet for the students, providing activities that enabled the students to enrich their
vocabulary by encouraging the students to open the dictionary, using various medias during
the teaching and learning, giving more explanation about the use of modal verbs, providing
activities to improve the students pronunciation, and implementing pair work to make them
have more opportunity to practice to speak.
The results of the research showed that the implementation of the role-play technique
in the English teaching and learning process was effective to improve the students’
speaking skills. They could perform more confidently. Moreover, their motivation and
enthusiasm in English learning also improved. Furthermore, there was an increase from 12.9
to 19.3 from the pretest to the posttest. The improvement significant (p