S PLB 1202480 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................i
KATA PENGANTAR...............................................................................................ii
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH .....................................................................................iii
DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR TABEL .....................................................................................................vii
DAFTAR GRAFIK...................................................................................................ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..........................................................................................1
A. Latar Belakang Penelitian...........................................................................1
B. Identifikasi Masalah ...................................................................................5
C. Batasan Masalah.........................................................................................5
D. Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................6
E. Tujuan dan Kegunaan Penelitian ................................................................6
BAB II KAJIAN TEORI..........................................................................................8
A. Deskripsi Teori...........................................................................................8
1. Karakteristik Anak Tunagrahita Sedang.................................................8
2. Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ...................................................................9
3. Konsep Arah ...........................................................................................11
a. Konsep Kiri-Kanan..............................................................................12
b. Konsep Atas-Bawah............................................................................13
c. Konsep Depan-Belakang .....................................................................13
4. Hakikat Gerak Irama...............................................................................14
5. Prinsip Gerak Irama dalam Pembelajaran ...............................................16
6. Gerak Irama untuk Anak Tunagrahita .....................................................18
7. Pola Gerak ..............................................................................................20
8. Kaitan Gerak Irama dengan Orientasi Arah ...........................................22
B. Penelitian yang Relevan ............................................................................24
C. Kerangka Berpikir .....................................................................................25
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..........................................................................28
Azmi Azizah, 2016
PENGARUH GERAK IRAMA TERHAD AP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ORIENTASI ARAH PAD A ANAK
TUNAGRAHITA SED ANG D I SLB BINA ASIH CIANJUR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
vi
A. Metode Penelitian......................................................................................28
B. Variabel Penelitian.....................................................................................30
1. Definisi Konsep Variabel.......................................................................30
2. Definisi Operasional Variabel................................................................31
C. Subjek dan Lokasi Penelitian......................................................................37
1. Subjek Penelitian....................................................................................37
2. Lokasi Penelitian ....................................................................................38
D. Instrumen dan Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................38
1. Instrumen Penelitian...............................................................................38
2. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ....................................................................39
E. Uji Validitas ................................................................................................39
F. Prosedur Penelitian......................................................................................40
1. Persiapan Penelitian................................................................................40
2. Pelaksanaan Penelitian ...........................................................................43
G. Pengolahan dan Analisis Data ....................................................................44
1. Pengolahan Data .....................................................................................44
2. Analisis Data ..........................................................................................44
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................48
A. Hasil Penelitian...........................................................................................48
1. Hasil Baseline-1 (A1) ............................................................................48
2. Hasil Intervensi (B) ...............................................................................49
3. Hasil Baseline-2 (A2) ............................................................................51
B. Analisis Data Hasil Penelitian .....................................................................53
1. Analisis Dalam Kondisi ..........................................................................53
2. Analisis Antar Kondisi............................................................................64
C. Pembahasan .................................................................................................69
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN IMPLIKASI............................................................75
A. Kesimpulan..................................................................................................75
B. Implikasi ......................................................................................................75
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................77
LAMPIRAN
Azmi Azizah, 2016
PENGARUH GERAK IRAMA TERHAD AP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ORIENTASI ARAH PAD A ANAK
TUNAGRAHITA SED ANG D I SLB BINA ASIH CIANJUR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
vii
DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1
Dasar-dasar Keterampilan Gerak ( Skills Themes).........................21
Tabel 2.2
Konsep Gerak (Movement Concept) ..............................................22
Tabel 3.1
Kriteria Penilaian.............................................................................39
Tabel 3.2
Daftar Tim Expert Judgement Instrumen Penelitian.......................40
Tabel 3.3
Jadwal Kegiatan Penelitian .............................................................42
Tabel 4.1
Data Baseline-1 (A1) Kemampuan Orientasi Arah........................48
Tabel 4.2
Data Intervensi (B) Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ...........................50
Tabel 4.3
Data Baseline-2 (A2) Kemampuan Orientasi Arah........................51
Tabel 4.4
Rekapitulasi Perkembangan Kemampuan Orientasi Arah .............52
Tabel 4.5
Data Panjang Kondisi Kemampuan Orientasi Arah .......................53
Tabel 4.6
Data Kecenderungan Arah Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ...............55
Tabel 4.7
Banyaknya Data Poin Kemampuan Orientasi Arah pada
Rentang Stabilitas Kondisi Baseline-1 (A1)...................................57
Tabel 4.8
Banyaknya Data Poin Kemampuan Orientasi Arah pada
Rentang Stabilitas Kondisi Intervensi (B) ......................................59
Tabel 4.9
Banyaknya Data Poin Kemampuan Orientasi Arah pada
Rentang Stabilitas Kondisi Baseline-2 (A2)...................................60
Tabel 4.10
Data Kecenderungan Stabilitas .......................................................61
Tabel 4.11
Jejak Data .......................................................................................61
Tabel 4.12
Level Stabilitas dan Rentang...........................................................61
Tabel 4.13
Perubahan Level..............................................................................62
Tabel 4.14
Rangkuman Hasil Analisis Visual dalam Kondisi..........................62
Tabel 4.15
Data Jumlah Variabel yang Diubah ................................................64
Tabel 4.16
Perubahan Kecenderungan Arah dan Efeknya................................64
Tabel 4.17
Perubahan Kecenderungan Stabilitas dan Efeknya .........................65
Tabel 4.18
Perubahan Level Data.....................................................................65
Tabel 4.19
Perubahan Overlap .........................................................................67
Azmi Azizah, 2016
PENGARUH GERAK IRAMA TERHAD AP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ORIENTASI ARAH PAD A ANAK
TUNAGRAHITA SED ANG D I SLB BINA ASIH CIANJUR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
viii
Tabel 4.20
Rangkuman Analisis Antar Kondisi ...............................................67
DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 3.1
Grafik A-B-A Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ....................................29
Grafik 3.2
Grafik Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ................................................46
Grafik 4.1
Kondisi Baseline-1 (A1) Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ..................49
Grafik 4.2
Kondisi Intervensi (B) Kemampuan Orientasi Arah.......................50
Grafik 4.3
Kondisi Baseline-2 (A2) Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ...................51
Grafik 4.4
Rekapitulasi Perkembangan Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ..............52
Grafik 4.5
Kecenderungan Arah Kemampuan Orientasi Arah.........................54
Grafik 4.6
Banyaknya Data Poin Kemampuan Orientasi Arah dalam
Rentang Stabilitas Kondisi Baseline-1 (A).....................................56
Grafik 4.7
Banyaknya Data Poin Kemampuan Orientasi Arah dalam
Rentang Stabilitas Kondisi Intervensi (B) ......................................58
Grafik 4.8
Banyaknya Data Poin Kemampuan Orientasi Arah dalam
Rentang Stabilitas Kondisi Baseline-2 (A2)...................................60
Grafik 4.9
Data Overlap Kondisi Baseline-1 (A1) ke Intervensi (B)...............66
Grafik 4.10
Data Overlap Kondisi Intervensi (B) ke Baseline-2 (A2)...............66
Grafik 4.11
Mean Level Fase A1-B-A2 Kemampuan Orientasi Arah................69
Azmi Azizah, 2016
PENGARUH GERAK IRAMA TERHAD AP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ORIENTASI ARAH PAD A ANAK
TUNAGRAHITA SED ANG D I SLB BINA ASIH CIANJUR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 3.1
Pola Gerak Irama Orientasi Arah...................................................31
Gambar 3.2
Petunjuk arah dan properti yang digunakan anak..........................32
Gambar 3.3
Permainan Kanan-Kiri Depan-Belakang........................................32
Gambar3.4
Permainan Awas Ada Buaya..........................................................33
Gambar 3.5
Permainan Kanan Kiri Diam..........................................................35
Gambar 3.6
Permainan Ayo Berpindah .............................................................35
Gambar 3.7
Permainan Tunjukan Arah .............................................................36
Azmi Azizah, 2016
PENGARUH GERAK IRAMA TERHAD AP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ORIENTASI ARAH PAD A ANAK
TUNAGRAHITA SED ANG D I SLB BINA ASIH CIANJUR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
x
Azmi Azizah, 2016
PENGARUH GERAK IRAMA TERHAD AP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ORIENTASI ARAH PAD A ANAK
TUNAGRAHITA SED ANG D I SLB BINA ASIH CIANJUR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xi
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................i
KATA PENGANTAR...............................................................................................ii
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH .....................................................................................iii
DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR TABEL .....................................................................................................vii
DAFTAR GRAFIK...................................................................................................ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..........................................................................................1
A. Latar Belakang Penelitian...........................................................................1
B. Identifikasi Masalah ...................................................................................5
C. Batasan Masalah.........................................................................................5
D. Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................6
E. Tujuan dan Kegunaan Penelitian ................................................................6
BAB II KAJIAN TEORI..........................................................................................8
A. Deskripsi Teori...........................................................................................8
1. Karakteristik Anak Tunagrahita Sedang.................................................8
2. Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ...................................................................9
3. Konsep Arah ...........................................................................................11
a. Konsep Kiri-Kanan..............................................................................12
b. Konsep Atas-Bawah............................................................................13
c. Konsep Depan-Belakang .....................................................................13
4. Hakikat Gerak Irama...............................................................................14
5. Prinsip Gerak Irama dalam Pembelajaran ...............................................16
6. Gerak Irama untuk Anak Tunagrahita .....................................................18
7. Pola Gerak ..............................................................................................20
8. Kaitan Gerak Irama dengan Orientasi Arah ...........................................22
B. Penelitian yang Relevan ............................................................................24
C. Kerangka Berpikir .....................................................................................25
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..........................................................................28
Azmi Azizah, 2016
PENGARUH GERAK IRAMA TERHAD AP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ORIENTASI ARAH PAD A ANAK
TUNAGRAHITA SED ANG D I SLB BINA ASIH CIANJUR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
vi
A. Metode Penelitian......................................................................................28
B. Variabel Penelitian.....................................................................................30
1. Definisi Konsep Variabel.......................................................................30
2. Definisi Operasional Variabel................................................................31
C. Subjek dan Lokasi Penelitian......................................................................37
1. Subjek Penelitian....................................................................................37
2. Lokasi Penelitian ....................................................................................38
D. Instrumen dan Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................38
1. Instrumen Penelitian...............................................................................38
2. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ....................................................................39
E. Uji Validitas ................................................................................................39
F. Prosedur Penelitian......................................................................................40
1. Persiapan Penelitian................................................................................40
2. Pelaksanaan Penelitian ...........................................................................43
G. Pengolahan dan Analisis Data ....................................................................44
1. Pengolahan Data .....................................................................................44
2. Analisis Data ..........................................................................................44
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................48
A. Hasil Penelitian...........................................................................................48
1. Hasil Baseline-1 (A1) ............................................................................48
2. Hasil Intervensi (B) ...............................................................................49
3. Hasil Baseline-2 (A2) ............................................................................51
B. Analisis Data Hasil Penelitian .....................................................................53
1. Analisis Dalam Kondisi ..........................................................................53
2. Analisis Antar Kondisi............................................................................64
C. Pembahasan .................................................................................................69
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN IMPLIKASI............................................................75
A. Kesimpulan..................................................................................................75
B. Implikasi ......................................................................................................75
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................77
LAMPIRAN
Azmi Azizah, 2016
PENGARUH GERAK IRAMA TERHAD AP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ORIENTASI ARAH PAD A ANAK
TUNAGRAHITA SED ANG D I SLB BINA ASIH CIANJUR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
vii
DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1
Dasar-dasar Keterampilan Gerak ( Skills Themes).........................21
Tabel 2.2
Konsep Gerak (Movement Concept) ..............................................22
Tabel 3.1
Kriteria Penilaian.............................................................................39
Tabel 3.2
Daftar Tim Expert Judgement Instrumen Penelitian.......................40
Tabel 3.3
Jadwal Kegiatan Penelitian .............................................................42
Tabel 4.1
Data Baseline-1 (A1) Kemampuan Orientasi Arah........................48
Tabel 4.2
Data Intervensi (B) Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ...........................50
Tabel 4.3
Data Baseline-2 (A2) Kemampuan Orientasi Arah........................51
Tabel 4.4
Rekapitulasi Perkembangan Kemampuan Orientasi Arah .............52
Tabel 4.5
Data Panjang Kondisi Kemampuan Orientasi Arah .......................53
Tabel 4.6
Data Kecenderungan Arah Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ...............55
Tabel 4.7
Banyaknya Data Poin Kemampuan Orientasi Arah pada
Rentang Stabilitas Kondisi Baseline-1 (A1)...................................57
Tabel 4.8
Banyaknya Data Poin Kemampuan Orientasi Arah pada
Rentang Stabilitas Kondisi Intervensi (B) ......................................59
Tabel 4.9
Banyaknya Data Poin Kemampuan Orientasi Arah pada
Rentang Stabilitas Kondisi Baseline-2 (A2)...................................60
Tabel 4.10
Data Kecenderungan Stabilitas .......................................................61
Tabel 4.11
Jejak Data .......................................................................................61
Tabel 4.12
Level Stabilitas dan Rentang...........................................................61
Tabel 4.13
Perubahan Level..............................................................................62
Tabel 4.14
Rangkuman Hasil Analisis Visual dalam Kondisi..........................62
Tabel 4.15
Data Jumlah Variabel yang Diubah ................................................64
Tabel 4.16
Perubahan Kecenderungan Arah dan Efeknya................................64
Tabel 4.17
Perubahan Kecenderungan Stabilitas dan Efeknya .........................65
Tabel 4.18
Perubahan Level Data.....................................................................65
Tabel 4.19
Perubahan Overlap .........................................................................67
Azmi Azizah, 2016
PENGARUH GERAK IRAMA TERHAD AP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ORIENTASI ARAH PAD A ANAK
TUNAGRAHITA SED ANG D I SLB BINA ASIH CIANJUR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
viii
Tabel 4.20
Rangkuman Analisis Antar Kondisi ...............................................67
DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 3.1
Grafik A-B-A Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ....................................29
Grafik 3.2
Grafik Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ................................................46
Grafik 4.1
Kondisi Baseline-1 (A1) Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ..................49
Grafik 4.2
Kondisi Intervensi (B) Kemampuan Orientasi Arah.......................50
Grafik 4.3
Kondisi Baseline-2 (A2) Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ...................51
Grafik 4.4
Rekapitulasi Perkembangan Kemampuan Orientasi Arah ..............52
Grafik 4.5
Kecenderungan Arah Kemampuan Orientasi Arah.........................54
Grafik 4.6
Banyaknya Data Poin Kemampuan Orientasi Arah dalam
Rentang Stabilitas Kondisi Baseline-1 (A).....................................56
Grafik 4.7
Banyaknya Data Poin Kemampuan Orientasi Arah dalam
Rentang Stabilitas Kondisi Intervensi (B) ......................................58
Grafik 4.8
Banyaknya Data Poin Kemampuan Orientasi Arah dalam
Rentang Stabilitas Kondisi Baseline-2 (A2)...................................60
Grafik 4.9
Data Overlap Kondisi Baseline-1 (A1) ke Intervensi (B)...............66
Grafik 4.10
Data Overlap Kondisi Intervensi (B) ke Baseline-2 (A2)...............66
Grafik 4.11
Mean Level Fase A1-B-A2 Kemampuan Orientasi Arah................69
Azmi Azizah, 2016
PENGARUH GERAK IRAMA TERHAD AP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ORIENTASI ARAH PAD A ANAK
TUNAGRAHITA SED ANG D I SLB BINA ASIH CIANJUR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 3.1
Pola Gerak Irama Orientasi Arah...................................................31
Gambar 3.2
Petunjuk arah dan properti yang digunakan anak..........................32
Gambar 3.3
Permainan Kanan-Kiri Depan-Belakang........................................32
Gambar3.4
Permainan Awas Ada Buaya..........................................................33
Gambar 3.5
Permainan Kanan Kiri Diam..........................................................35
Gambar 3.6
Permainan Ayo Berpindah .............................................................35
Gambar 3.7
Permainan Tunjukan Arah .............................................................36
Azmi Azizah, 2016
PENGARUH GERAK IRAMA TERHAD AP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ORIENTASI ARAH PAD A ANAK
TUNAGRAHITA SED ANG D I SLB BINA ASIH CIANJUR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
x
Azmi Azizah, 2016
PENGARUH GERAK IRAMA TERHAD AP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ORIENTASI ARAH PAD A ANAK
TUNAGRAHITA SED ANG D I SLB BINA ASIH CIANJUR
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xi