T MTK 1308105 table of content
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
LEMBAR HAK CIPTA ........................................................................................ ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................. iii
PERNYATAAN.................................................................................................... iv
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... v
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH .................................................................................. vi
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ viii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................... xv
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................
A. LATAR BELAKANG ....................................................................
B. RUMUSAN MASALAH .................................................................
C. TUJUAN PENELITIAN ..................................................................
D. MANFAAT PENELITIAN .............................................................
1
1
7
8
9
BAB II
KAJIAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................ 10
A. KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS .................................... 10
B. SPATIAL ABILITY........................................................................... 13
C. PENDEKATAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT 15
D. PEMBELAJARAN EKSPOSITORI ............................................... 19
E. PENELITIAN YANG RELEVAN .................................................. 20
F. HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN .............................................................. 22
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 23
A. DESAIN PENELITIAN .................................................................. 23
B. VARIABEL PENELITIAN ............................................................. 24
C. POPULASI DAN SAMPEL ............................................................ 24
D. DEFINISI OPRASIONAL .............................................................. 24
E. INTRUMEN PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGANNYA ....... 25
1. Soal Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Ability ... 25
2. Skala Sikap Siswa ........................................................................ 37
F. PROSEDUR PENELITIAN ............................................................. 37
G. ANALISIS DATA ........................................................................... 38
H. PROSEDUR PENELITIAN ............................................................ 44
I. LANGKAH-LANGKAH ANALISIS DATA ................................... 45
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH
MENENGAH PERTAMA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xi
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................... 47
A. HASIL PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 47
1. Hasil Penelitian Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ...................... 48
Halaman
2. Hasil Penelitian Spatial Ability .................................................... 60
3. Asosiasi Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Ability ... 72
4. Analisis Pendapat Siswa .............................................................. 76
B. PEMBAHASAN .............................................................................. 77
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................ 94
A. KESIMPULAN ............................................................................... 94
B. SARAN ............................................................................................ 95
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 97
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN.................................................................................... 101
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH
MENENGAH PERTAMA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
Halaman
1
Klasifikasi Masalah Menurut Awal dan Tujuannya .................................... 6
2.1 Tahapan Pembelajaran dengan Strategi problem based learning................ 18
3.1 Pedoman Penskoran Tes Kemampuan Koneksi matematis ......................... 26
3.2 Pedoman Penskoran Tes Spatial Ability ...................................................... 27
3.3 Data Hasil Uji Pertimbangan Validasi Muka Tes Kemampuan Koneksi
Matematis .................................................................................................... 29
3.4 Data Hasil Uji Pertimbangan Validasi Isi Tes Kemampuan Koneksi
Matematis .................................................................................................... 29
3.5 Data Hasil Ujian Pertimbangan Validitas Muka Tes Spatial Ability........... 30
3.6 Data Hasil Ujian Pertimbangan Validitas Isi Tes Spatial Ability ................ 30
3.7 Kriteria Validitas Butir Soal ........................................................................ 31
3.8 Data Hasil Uji Validitas Butir Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan
Spatial Ability .............................................................................................. 32
3.9 Kriteria Reliabilitas ...................................................................................... 33
3.10 Data Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Butir Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan
Spatial Ability .............................................................................................. 33
3.11 Klasifikasi Interpretasi Daya Pembeda ........................................................ 34
3.12 Data Hasil Uji Daya Pembeda Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ....... 34
3.13 Data Hasil Uji Daya Pembeda Soal Kemampuan Spatial Ability................ 35
3.14 Klasifikasi Indeks Kesukaran ...................................................................... 35
3.15 Data Hasil Uji Tingkat Kesukaran Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis
dan Spatial Ability........................................................................................ 36
3.16 Kesimpulan Hasil Uji Coba Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan
Spatial Ability .............................................................................................. 36
3.17 Kriteria Indek Gain ...................................................................................... 42
3.18 Klasifikasi Nilai Koefisien .......................................................................... 42
4.1 Statistik Deskriftif Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .................................. 48
4.2 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas Pretes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ........... 49
4.3 Data Hasil Uji Kesamaan Median Pretes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis 51
4.4 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas postes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ........... 53
4.5 Data Hasil Uji Perbedaan Median Postes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis54
4.6 Data Rata-rata dan Klasifikasi N-gain Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ... 56
4.7 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas N-gain Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .......... 57
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH
MENENGAH PERTAMA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xiii
4.8
Data Hasil Uji Homogenitas Varians Skor N-gain Kemampuan Koneksi
Matematis .................................................................................................... 59
4.9 Data Hasil Ujian Kesamaan Rata-rata N-gain Kemampuan Koneksi
Matematis .................................................................................................... 59
4.10 Statistik Deskriftif Spatial ability ................................................................ 60
4.11 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas Pretes spatial ability.......................................... 61
4.12 Data Hasil Ujian Perbedaan Median Pretes spatial ability.......................... 63
4.13 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas postes spatial ability ......................................... 65
4.14 Data Hasil Uji Homogenitas Varians Skor Postes spatial ability................ 66
Tabel
Halaman
4.15 Data Hasil Ujian Kesamaan Rata-rata Postes spatial ability....................... 67
4.16 Data Rata-rata dan Klasifikasi N-gain spatial ability.................................. 68
4.17 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas N-gain spatial ability ........................................ 69
4.18 Data Hasil Uji Homogenitas Varians Skor N-gain spatial ability............... 71
4.19 Data Hasil Uji Perbedaan Rata-rata N-gain spatial ability.......................... 72
4.20 Data Hasil Uji Linearitas Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial
ability Kelas Eksperimen ............................................................................. 74
4.21 Data Hasil Uji Korelasi Pearson ................................................................. 75
4.22 Hasil Perhitungan Skala Sikap .................................................................... 76
4.23 Pencapaian Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ............................................. 78
4.24 Pencapaian Spatial Ability ........................................................................... 83
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH
MENENGAH PERTAMA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
Halaman
4.1 Histogram Pretes Koneksi Matematis ......................................................... 50
4.2 Histogram Postes Koneksi Matematis ......................................................... 53
4.3 Histogram N-Gain Koneksi Matematis ....................................................... 57
4.4 Histogram Pretes Spatial Ability.................................................................. 62
4.5 Histogram Postes Spatial Ability ................................................................. 65
4.6 Histogram N-Gain Spatial Ability ............................................................... 70
4.7 Scatterplot .................................................................................................... 74
4.8 Contoh 1 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .............. 79
4.9 Contoh 2 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ...... 79
4.10 Contoh 3 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .............. 80
4.11 Contoh 4 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ...... 80
4.12 Contoh 5 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .............. 81
4.13 Contoh 6 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ...... 81
4.14 Contoh 7 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ...................... 84
4.15 Contoh 8 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability .............. 84
4.16 Contoh 9 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ...................... 85
4.17 Contoh 10 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ............ 85
4.18 Contoh 11 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability .................... 86
4.19 Contoh 12 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ............ 86
4.20 Contoh 13 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability .................... 87
4.21 Contoh 14 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ............ 87
4.22 Contoh 15 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability .................... 88
4.23 Contoh 16 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ............ 88
4.24 Aktivitas siswa ............................................................................................. 91
4.25 Alat Peraga Pada Pembelajaran ................................................................... 91
4.26 Contoh Karya Siswa .................................................................................... 92
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH
MENENGAH PERTAMA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Halaman
Lampiran A ........................................................................................................... 101
A.1 Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran ..................................................... 101
A.2 Lembar Kerja Siswa.............................................................................. 114
A.3 Kisi-kisi Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Abiliti ...... 128
A.4 Soal Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Ability ............ 129
A.5 Pedoman Penskoran Jawaban Siswa pada Tes Kemampuan ................ 132
A.6 Alternatif Jawaban Tes Kemampuan .................................................... 134
A.7 Kisi-kisi Skala Sikap............................................................................. 137
A.8 Skala Sikap Siswa ................................................................................. 138
A.9 Lembar Pertimbangan (Validitas Isi dan Muka)................................... 139
Lampiran B............................................................................................................ 144
B.1 Skor Pertimbangan Para Ahli ................................................................ 144
B.2 Analisis Hasil Pertimbangan Para Ahli ................................................. 145
B.3 Skor Uji Coba Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ........................... 147
B.4 Analisis Hasil Uji Coba Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ............ 148
B.5 Skor Uji Coba Tes Spatial Ability......................................................... 152
B.6 Analisis Hasil Uji Coba Tes Spatial Ability.......................................... 153
Lampiran C............................................................................................................ 157
C.1 Data Pretes, Postes dan N-Gain Ternormalisasi Kemampuan Koneksi
Matematis Kelas Eksperimen ............................................................... 157
C.2 Data Pretes, Postes dan N-Gain Ternormalisasi Kemampuan Koneksi
Matematis Kelas Kontrol ...................................................................... 158
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH
MENENGAH PERTAMA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xvi
C.3 Perhitungan Data dan Uji Statistik Data Pretes Postes dan N-Gain
Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis.......................................................... 159
C.4 Data Pretes, Postes dan N-Gain Ternormalisasi Spatial Ability Kelas
Eksperimen ........................................................................................... 174
C.5 Data Pretes, Postes dan N-Gain Ternormalisasi Spatial Ability Kelas
Kontrol .................................................................................................. 175
C.6 Perhitungan Data dan Uji Statistik Data Pretes Postes dan N-Gain
Spatial Ability ....................................................................................... 176
C.7 Asosiasi Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial ability ............. 192
C.8 Data Skala Sikap Siswa ........................................................................ 196
C.9 Data Hasil Perhitungan Skala Sikap Siswa ........................................... 196
Lampiran D ........................................................................................................... 199
D.1 Foto-Foto Aktivitas Siswa Kelas PBL Tipe Project ............................. 199
D.2 Surat Keputusan Direktur Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan
Indonesia-bag........................................................................................ 202
D.3 Surat Permohonan Izin Melakukan Studi Lapangan ............................ 204
D.4 Surat Keterangan Telah Melakukan Penelitian .................................... 205
D.5 Riwayat Hidup ...................................................................................... 206
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH
MENENGAH PERTAMA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Halaman
LEMBAR HAK CIPTA ........................................................................................ ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................. iii
PERNYATAAN.................................................................................................... iv
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... v
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH .................................................................................. vi
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ viii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................... xv
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................
A. LATAR BELAKANG ....................................................................
B. RUMUSAN MASALAH .................................................................
C. TUJUAN PENELITIAN ..................................................................
D. MANFAAT PENELITIAN .............................................................
1
1
7
8
9
BAB II
KAJIAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................ 10
A. KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS .................................... 10
B. SPATIAL ABILITY........................................................................... 13
C. PENDEKATAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT 15
D. PEMBELAJARAN EKSPOSITORI ............................................... 19
E. PENELITIAN YANG RELEVAN .................................................. 20
F. HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN .............................................................. 22
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 23
A. DESAIN PENELITIAN .................................................................. 23
B. VARIABEL PENELITIAN ............................................................. 24
C. POPULASI DAN SAMPEL ............................................................ 24
D. DEFINISI OPRASIONAL .............................................................. 24
E. INTRUMEN PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGANNYA ....... 25
1. Soal Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Ability ... 25
2. Skala Sikap Siswa ........................................................................ 37
F. PROSEDUR PENELITIAN ............................................................. 37
G. ANALISIS DATA ........................................................................... 38
H. PROSEDUR PENELITIAN ............................................................ 44
I. LANGKAH-LANGKAH ANALISIS DATA ................................... 45
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH
MENENGAH PERTAMA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xi
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................... 47
A. HASIL PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 47
1. Hasil Penelitian Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ...................... 48
Halaman
2. Hasil Penelitian Spatial Ability .................................................... 60
3. Asosiasi Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Ability ... 72
4. Analisis Pendapat Siswa .............................................................. 76
B. PEMBAHASAN .............................................................................. 77
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................ 94
A. KESIMPULAN ............................................................................... 94
B. SARAN ............................................................................................ 95
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 97
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN.................................................................................... 101
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH
MENENGAH PERTAMA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
Halaman
1
Klasifikasi Masalah Menurut Awal dan Tujuannya .................................... 6
2.1 Tahapan Pembelajaran dengan Strategi problem based learning................ 18
3.1 Pedoman Penskoran Tes Kemampuan Koneksi matematis ......................... 26
3.2 Pedoman Penskoran Tes Spatial Ability ...................................................... 27
3.3 Data Hasil Uji Pertimbangan Validasi Muka Tes Kemampuan Koneksi
Matematis .................................................................................................... 29
3.4 Data Hasil Uji Pertimbangan Validasi Isi Tes Kemampuan Koneksi
Matematis .................................................................................................... 29
3.5 Data Hasil Ujian Pertimbangan Validitas Muka Tes Spatial Ability........... 30
3.6 Data Hasil Ujian Pertimbangan Validitas Isi Tes Spatial Ability ................ 30
3.7 Kriteria Validitas Butir Soal ........................................................................ 31
3.8 Data Hasil Uji Validitas Butir Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan
Spatial Ability .............................................................................................. 32
3.9 Kriteria Reliabilitas ...................................................................................... 33
3.10 Data Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Butir Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan
Spatial Ability .............................................................................................. 33
3.11 Klasifikasi Interpretasi Daya Pembeda ........................................................ 34
3.12 Data Hasil Uji Daya Pembeda Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ....... 34
3.13 Data Hasil Uji Daya Pembeda Soal Kemampuan Spatial Ability................ 35
3.14 Klasifikasi Indeks Kesukaran ...................................................................... 35
3.15 Data Hasil Uji Tingkat Kesukaran Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis
dan Spatial Ability........................................................................................ 36
3.16 Kesimpulan Hasil Uji Coba Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan
Spatial Ability .............................................................................................. 36
3.17 Kriteria Indek Gain ...................................................................................... 42
3.18 Klasifikasi Nilai Koefisien .......................................................................... 42
4.1 Statistik Deskriftif Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .................................. 48
4.2 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas Pretes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ........... 49
4.3 Data Hasil Uji Kesamaan Median Pretes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis 51
4.4 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas postes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ........... 53
4.5 Data Hasil Uji Perbedaan Median Postes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis54
4.6 Data Rata-rata dan Klasifikasi N-gain Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ... 56
4.7 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas N-gain Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .......... 57
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH
MENENGAH PERTAMA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xiii
4.8
Data Hasil Uji Homogenitas Varians Skor N-gain Kemampuan Koneksi
Matematis .................................................................................................... 59
4.9 Data Hasil Ujian Kesamaan Rata-rata N-gain Kemampuan Koneksi
Matematis .................................................................................................... 59
4.10 Statistik Deskriftif Spatial ability ................................................................ 60
4.11 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas Pretes spatial ability.......................................... 61
4.12 Data Hasil Ujian Perbedaan Median Pretes spatial ability.......................... 63
4.13 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas postes spatial ability ......................................... 65
4.14 Data Hasil Uji Homogenitas Varians Skor Postes spatial ability................ 66
Tabel
Halaman
4.15 Data Hasil Ujian Kesamaan Rata-rata Postes spatial ability....................... 67
4.16 Data Rata-rata dan Klasifikasi N-gain spatial ability.................................. 68
4.17 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas N-gain spatial ability ........................................ 69
4.18 Data Hasil Uji Homogenitas Varians Skor N-gain spatial ability............... 71
4.19 Data Hasil Uji Perbedaan Rata-rata N-gain spatial ability.......................... 72
4.20 Data Hasil Uji Linearitas Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial
ability Kelas Eksperimen ............................................................................. 74
4.21 Data Hasil Uji Korelasi Pearson ................................................................. 75
4.22 Hasil Perhitungan Skala Sikap .................................................................... 76
4.23 Pencapaian Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ............................................. 78
4.24 Pencapaian Spatial Ability ........................................................................... 83
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH
MENENGAH PERTAMA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
Halaman
4.1 Histogram Pretes Koneksi Matematis ......................................................... 50
4.2 Histogram Postes Koneksi Matematis ......................................................... 53
4.3 Histogram N-Gain Koneksi Matematis ....................................................... 57
4.4 Histogram Pretes Spatial Ability.................................................................. 62
4.5 Histogram Postes Spatial Ability ................................................................. 65
4.6 Histogram N-Gain Spatial Ability ............................................................... 70
4.7 Scatterplot .................................................................................................... 74
4.8 Contoh 1 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .............. 79
4.9 Contoh 2 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ...... 79
4.10 Contoh 3 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .............. 80
4.11 Contoh 4 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ...... 80
4.12 Contoh 5 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .............. 81
4.13 Contoh 6 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ...... 81
4.14 Contoh 7 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ...................... 84
4.15 Contoh 8 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability .............. 84
4.16 Contoh 9 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ...................... 85
4.17 Contoh 10 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ............ 85
4.18 Contoh 11 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability .................... 86
4.19 Contoh 12 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ............ 86
4.20 Contoh 13 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability .................... 87
4.21 Contoh 14 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ............ 87
4.22 Contoh 15 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability .................... 88
4.23 Contoh 16 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ............ 88
4.24 Aktivitas siswa ............................................................................................. 91
4.25 Alat Peraga Pada Pembelajaran ................................................................... 91
4.26 Contoh Karya Siswa .................................................................................... 92
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH
MENENGAH PERTAMA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Halaman
Lampiran A ........................................................................................................... 101
A.1 Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran ..................................................... 101
A.2 Lembar Kerja Siswa.............................................................................. 114
A.3 Kisi-kisi Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Abiliti ...... 128
A.4 Soal Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Ability ............ 129
A.5 Pedoman Penskoran Jawaban Siswa pada Tes Kemampuan ................ 132
A.6 Alternatif Jawaban Tes Kemampuan .................................................... 134
A.7 Kisi-kisi Skala Sikap............................................................................. 137
A.8 Skala Sikap Siswa ................................................................................. 138
A.9 Lembar Pertimbangan (Validitas Isi dan Muka)................................... 139
Lampiran B............................................................................................................ 144
B.1 Skor Pertimbangan Para Ahli ................................................................ 144
B.2 Analisis Hasil Pertimbangan Para Ahli ................................................. 145
B.3 Skor Uji Coba Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ........................... 147
B.4 Analisis Hasil Uji Coba Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ............ 148
B.5 Skor Uji Coba Tes Spatial Ability......................................................... 152
B.6 Analisis Hasil Uji Coba Tes Spatial Ability.......................................... 153
Lampiran C............................................................................................................ 157
C.1 Data Pretes, Postes dan N-Gain Ternormalisasi Kemampuan Koneksi
Matematis Kelas Eksperimen ............................................................... 157
C.2 Data Pretes, Postes dan N-Gain Ternormalisasi Kemampuan Koneksi
Matematis Kelas Kontrol ...................................................................... 158
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH
MENENGAH PERTAMA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
xvi
C.3 Perhitungan Data dan Uji Statistik Data Pretes Postes dan N-Gain
Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis.......................................................... 159
C.4 Data Pretes, Postes dan N-Gain Ternormalisasi Spatial Ability Kelas
Eksperimen ........................................................................................... 174
C.5 Data Pretes, Postes dan N-Gain Ternormalisasi Spatial Ability Kelas
Kontrol .................................................................................................. 175
C.6 Perhitungan Data dan Uji Statistik Data Pretes Postes dan N-Gain
Spatial Ability ....................................................................................... 176
C.7 Asosiasi Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial ability ............. 192
C.8 Data Skala Sikap Siswa ........................................................................ 196
C.9 Data Hasil Perhitungan Skala Sikap Siswa ........................................... 196
Lampiran D ........................................................................................................... 199
D.1 Foto-Foto Aktivitas Siswa Kelas PBL Tipe Project ............................. 199
D.2 Surat Keputusan Direktur Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan
Indonesia-bag........................................................................................ 202
D.3 Surat Permohonan Izin Melakukan Studi Lapangan ............................ 204
D.4 Surat Keterangan Telah Melakukan Penelitian .................................... 205
D.5 Riwayat Hidup ...................................................................................... 206
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH
MENENGAH PERTAMA
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu