Efektifitas Metronidazol Berbasis Kitosan Terhadap Daya Hambat Bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum Secara In Vitro
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Kesic L, et al. Microbial etiology of periodontal disease – mini review. Medicine
and biology Vol.15, No 1, 2008, pp. 1 – 6.
2. Daniluk T, et al. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in subgingival and supragingival
plaques of adult patients with periodontal disease. Advances in medical sciences.
Vol.51. 2006.suppl.1
3. Dumitrescu AL. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. 1 st edition,
springer 2009.
4. Aurer A, Plancak D. Antimicrobial treatment of periodontal diseases. Acta
Stomatol Croat, Vol. 38, br. 1, 2004.
5. Carranza Fermin A, Takei Henry H. The Treatment Plan. In Carranza’s clinical
periodontology. 11th edition, St. Louis, saunders-Elsevier; 2011: 384.
6. Bidault P, Chandad F, Grenier D. Systemic antibiotic therapy in the treatment of
periodontitis. JCDA • www.cda-adc.ca/jcda • July/August 2007, Vol. 73, No. 6.
7. Pejcic A, et al. Antibiotics in the management of periodontal disease. Acta
facultatis medicae naissensis, 2010, vol 27, no 2.
8. Abdellaoui K.Schwach, Castioni N.Vivien, Gurny R. Local delivery
antimicrobial agents for the treathment of periodontal disease. European journal
pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics 50, 2000; 83-99.
9. Sato S, et al. Metronidazole-containing Gel for the Treatment of Periodontitis: an
In vivo Evaluation. Periodontics, Braz Oral Res. 2008; 22(2): 145-50.
10. Kaplish V, et al. Local drug delivery systems in the treatment of periodontitis: A
review. Pharmacophore 2013, vol 4 (2), 39-49.
11. Rajagopalan A, Thomas JT. Effectiveness of Metronidazole as local drug
delivery in periodontal diseases – A review. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical
Sciences (IOSR-JDMS), vol 13, Issue 8 Ver. IV (Aug. 2014), PP 25-28.
12. Slots J. Selection of antimicrobial agents in periodontal therapy. J periodont
resch 2002; 37; 389-398.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
13. Toskic-Radojicic M, et al. Effects of topical application of Metronidazolecontaining mucoadhesive lipogel in periodontal pockets. Vojnosanit Pregl 2005;
62(7-8): 565−568.
14. Klinge B, Attstrom R, Karring T, kisch J, Lewin B, Stoltze K. 3 regimens of
topical Metronidazole compared with subgingival scaling on periodontal
pathology in adults. J Clin Periodontol, 1992; 19(9 Pt 2): 708-14.
15. Lazar L, Monea M, Biris C. Metronidazole dental gel as an adjunct to scaling and
root planning: a clinical study. Acta medica transilvanica september
2014;2(3):291-293.
16. Ray M, et al. Development and characterization of chitosan based polymeric
hydrogel membranes. Designed monomers & polymers, vol 13, no.3, 2010, pp.
193-206(14).
17. Hong Y, et al. Covalently crosslinked chitosan hydrogel : properties of in vitro
degradation and chondrocyte encapsulation. Acta Biomaterialia 3 (2007) 23–3.
18. Popa L, Ghica MV, Pirvu CED. Periodontal chitosan-gels designed for improved
local intra-pocket drug delivery. Farmacia, 2013, vol. 61, 2.
19. Genco RJ, Williams RC. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In
Periodontal disease and overall health: a clinician’s guide, 12-13.
20. Africa Charlen W.J. The Microbial Aetiology of Periodontal Diseases. In:
Periodontal diseases- a clinician's Guide. Croatia, InTech; 2012: 3-14.
21. Bathla S. Periodontal microbiology. In Periodontal Revisited. 11th edition, India,
Saunders-Elsevier; 2011: 59-63.
22. Kesic L, et al. The importance of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in
etiology of periodontal disease-mini review. Acta Medica Medianae 2009
Vol.48(3).
23. Taylor
SL,
Lang
SDL.
Aggregatibacter
actinomycetemcomitans
(Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans). Antimicrobe. Infection Diseases &
Antimicrobial Agent. (www.antimicrobe.org/new/b72.asp). (16 September 2014).
24. Rizki A. Perbedaan jumlah actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans pada
periodontitis agresif berdasarkan jenis kelamin. (http://www.unissula.ac.id).
25. Bolstad AI, Jensen HB, Bakken V. Taxonomy, biology, and periodontal aspects
of fusobacterium nucleatum. Clinical microbiology reviews, Jan. 1996, p. 55–71
Vol. 9, No. 1.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
26. Signat B, et al. Role of fusobacterium nucleatum in periodontal health and
disease. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 13: 25-36.
27. Wolter GD. Interactions between fusobacterium nucleatum and primary human
oral cells. Disertation for the degree philosophiae doctor (Phd) at the university
of Bergen. 2012.
28. Lazar L, et al. Systemic antimicrobial therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root
planning. AMT, v. 20, no. 1, 2015, p. 109.
29. A.L Dumitrescu. The topical use of antibiotics in periodontal pockets. In:
Antibiotics and antiseptics in periodontal therapy. Verlag Berlin Heidenberg.
Spring; 2011: 171.
30. Kapoor A, Malhotra R, Grover D. Systemic antibiotic therapy in periodontics.
Dent Res J, 2012 Sep-Oct; 9(5): 505–515.
31. Seymour RA., Hogg SD. Antibiotics and chemoprophylaxis. Periodontology
2000, 2008; 46: 80-108.
32. Ernie MS. The effectiveness of 0.5-0.7% tetracycline gel to reduced subgingival
plaque bacteria.
33. Chhina K, Bhatnagar R. Local drug delivery. Indian journal of Dental Sciences.
March 2012 Issue: 1, Vol.4.
34. Mahato A, Ratha I. Improving the drug delivery efficacy of PVA hydrogels.
National Institute of Technology, 2012.
35. Abdel-Mohsen AM, et al. Eco-synthesis of PVA/chitosan hydrogels for
biomedical application. J Polym Environ (2011) 19: 1005-1012.
36. Giri TK, et al. Modified chitosan hydrogels as drug delivery and tissue
engineering systems: present status and applications. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica
B 2012; 2(5); 439-449.
37. Bhattarai N, Gun J, Zhang M. Chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled, localized
drug delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 62 (2010) 83-99.
38. Gavhane YN, Gurav AS, Yadav AV. Chitosan and its applications: a review of
literature. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical
Sciences, vol.4 (1) Jan-Mar 2013.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
39. Riffidan M, Nurlisa H, Melany NR. Preparasi dan karakterisasi kompleks kitosan
hidrogel-tembaga. Molekul, vol.2. no.1. Mei 2007: 35-43.
40. Hyunmin YI, et al. Biofabrication with chitosan. Biomacromolecules, vol.6,
no.6, 2005.
41. Siti PM. Sintesis polimer superabsorben dari hidrogel kitosan terikat silang.
FMIPA UI 2012.
42. Sinha VR, et al. Chitosan microspheres as a potential carrier for drugs.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics 274 (2004) 1-33.
43. Giovanna G, Mario M, Paola L. Marine derived polysaccharides for biomedical
applications: chemical modification approaches. Molecules 2008, 13, 2069-2106.
44. Yellanki SK, Singh J, Manvi FV. Formulation, characterization and evaluation of
Metronidazole gel for local treatment of periodontitis. International Journal of
Pharma and Bio Sciences, v1(2) 2010.
45. Rawat S, Warade S, Lahoti S. In situ gel formulation of ornidazole for the
treatment of periodontal disease. Current Pharma Research, vol.1, Issue 1,
October-December 2010.
46. Sridhar RPN. Antibiotic susceptibility testing. (www.microrao.com).
47. Nkang AO, et al. Assessment of antibiotics susceptibility profiles of some
selected clinical isolates from laboratories in Nigeria. Journal of Microbiology
and antimicrobials. Vol. 1(2). Pp. 019-026, November, 2009.
48. Stephen J. Manual of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 10th ed. New York:
McGrawn-Hill Book.Co, 2005: 39-50.
49. Jorgensen JH, Ferraro MJ. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: general principles
and contemporary practices. CID 1998; 26 (April).
50. Gaudreau C, Gilbert H. Comparison of disc diffusion and agar dilution methods
for antibiotic susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. Jejuni and
Campylobacter coli. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (1997) 39, 707-712.
51. Akincibay H, Senel S, Yetkin Z. Application of chitosan gel in the treatment of
chronic periodontitis. Journal of Biomedical Material Research Part B: Applied
Biomaterials.2006.
52. Bhattarai N, Gunn J, Zhang M. Chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled,
localized drug delivery. Advanced drug delivery reviews 62 (2010) 83-99.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
53. Trijani S. Efek Klinis Aplikasi Subgingival Racikan Gel Metronidazole 25% dan
Larutan Povidon-iodon 10% sebagai Terapi Penunjang Skeling-Pengalusan Akar
pada Periodontitis Kronis. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2003;
10 (Edisi Khusus):669-674.
54. Kumar M, Prabhushankar GL, Sathesh babu PR. Formulation and in-vitro
evaluation of periodontal films containing Metronidazole. IJPRIF, 2010; 2(4):
2188-93.
55. Ashtaputre V, Limaye M. Local drug delivery in periodontics: A tactical
entreaty. JRPS, 2014; 2(1): 06-11.
56. Davis WW, Stout TR. Disc plate method of microbiological antibiotic assay.
Applied Microbiology, 1971; 22(4): 659-65.
57. Andreas BS, Sarah D. Chitosan-based drug delivery systems. European Journal
of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 81 (2012) 463–469.
-----------oOo----------
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1. Kesic L, et al. Microbial etiology of periodontal disease – mini review. Medicine
and biology Vol.15, No 1, 2008, pp. 1 – 6.
2. Daniluk T, et al. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in subgingival and supragingival
plaques of adult patients with periodontal disease. Advances in medical sciences.
Vol.51. 2006.suppl.1
3. Dumitrescu AL. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. 1 st edition,
springer 2009.
4. Aurer A, Plancak D. Antimicrobial treatment of periodontal diseases. Acta
Stomatol Croat, Vol. 38, br. 1, 2004.
5. Carranza Fermin A, Takei Henry H. The Treatment Plan. In Carranza’s clinical
periodontology. 11th edition, St. Louis, saunders-Elsevier; 2011: 384.
6. Bidault P, Chandad F, Grenier D. Systemic antibiotic therapy in the treatment of
periodontitis. JCDA • www.cda-adc.ca/jcda • July/August 2007, Vol. 73, No. 6.
7. Pejcic A, et al. Antibiotics in the management of periodontal disease. Acta
facultatis medicae naissensis, 2010, vol 27, no 2.
8. Abdellaoui K.Schwach, Castioni N.Vivien, Gurny R. Local delivery
antimicrobial agents for the treathment of periodontal disease. European journal
pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics 50, 2000; 83-99.
9. Sato S, et al. Metronidazole-containing Gel for the Treatment of Periodontitis: an
In vivo Evaluation. Periodontics, Braz Oral Res. 2008; 22(2): 145-50.
10. Kaplish V, et al. Local drug delivery systems in the treatment of periodontitis: A
review. Pharmacophore 2013, vol 4 (2), 39-49.
11. Rajagopalan A, Thomas JT. Effectiveness of Metronidazole as local drug
delivery in periodontal diseases – A review. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical
Sciences (IOSR-JDMS), vol 13, Issue 8 Ver. IV (Aug. 2014), PP 25-28.
12. Slots J. Selection of antimicrobial agents in periodontal therapy. J periodont
resch 2002; 37; 389-398.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
13. Toskic-Radojicic M, et al. Effects of topical application of Metronidazolecontaining mucoadhesive lipogel in periodontal pockets. Vojnosanit Pregl 2005;
62(7-8): 565−568.
14. Klinge B, Attstrom R, Karring T, kisch J, Lewin B, Stoltze K. 3 regimens of
topical Metronidazole compared with subgingival scaling on periodontal
pathology in adults. J Clin Periodontol, 1992; 19(9 Pt 2): 708-14.
15. Lazar L, Monea M, Biris C. Metronidazole dental gel as an adjunct to scaling and
root planning: a clinical study. Acta medica transilvanica september
2014;2(3):291-293.
16. Ray M, et al. Development and characterization of chitosan based polymeric
hydrogel membranes. Designed monomers & polymers, vol 13, no.3, 2010, pp.
193-206(14).
17. Hong Y, et al. Covalently crosslinked chitosan hydrogel : properties of in vitro
degradation and chondrocyte encapsulation. Acta Biomaterialia 3 (2007) 23–3.
18. Popa L, Ghica MV, Pirvu CED. Periodontal chitosan-gels designed for improved
local intra-pocket drug delivery. Farmacia, 2013, vol. 61, 2.
19. Genco RJ, Williams RC. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In
Periodontal disease and overall health: a clinician’s guide, 12-13.
20. Africa Charlen W.J. The Microbial Aetiology of Periodontal Diseases. In:
Periodontal diseases- a clinician's Guide. Croatia, InTech; 2012: 3-14.
21. Bathla S. Periodontal microbiology. In Periodontal Revisited. 11th edition, India,
Saunders-Elsevier; 2011: 59-63.
22. Kesic L, et al. The importance of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in
etiology of periodontal disease-mini review. Acta Medica Medianae 2009
Vol.48(3).
23. Taylor
SL,
Lang
SDL.
Aggregatibacter
actinomycetemcomitans
(Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans). Antimicrobe. Infection Diseases &
Antimicrobial Agent. (www.antimicrobe.org/new/b72.asp). (16 September 2014).
24. Rizki A. Perbedaan jumlah actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans pada
periodontitis agresif berdasarkan jenis kelamin. (http://www.unissula.ac.id).
25. Bolstad AI, Jensen HB, Bakken V. Taxonomy, biology, and periodontal aspects
of fusobacterium nucleatum. Clinical microbiology reviews, Jan. 1996, p. 55–71
Vol. 9, No. 1.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
26. Signat B, et al. Role of fusobacterium nucleatum in periodontal health and
disease. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 13: 25-36.
27. Wolter GD. Interactions between fusobacterium nucleatum and primary human
oral cells. Disertation for the degree philosophiae doctor (Phd) at the university
of Bergen. 2012.
28. Lazar L, et al. Systemic antimicrobial therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root
planning. AMT, v. 20, no. 1, 2015, p. 109.
29. A.L Dumitrescu. The topical use of antibiotics in periodontal pockets. In:
Antibiotics and antiseptics in periodontal therapy. Verlag Berlin Heidenberg.
Spring; 2011: 171.
30. Kapoor A, Malhotra R, Grover D. Systemic antibiotic therapy in periodontics.
Dent Res J, 2012 Sep-Oct; 9(5): 505–515.
31. Seymour RA., Hogg SD. Antibiotics and chemoprophylaxis. Periodontology
2000, 2008; 46: 80-108.
32. Ernie MS. The effectiveness of 0.5-0.7% tetracycline gel to reduced subgingival
plaque bacteria.
33. Chhina K, Bhatnagar R. Local drug delivery. Indian journal of Dental Sciences.
March 2012 Issue: 1, Vol.4.
34. Mahato A, Ratha I. Improving the drug delivery efficacy of PVA hydrogels.
National Institute of Technology, 2012.
35. Abdel-Mohsen AM, et al. Eco-synthesis of PVA/chitosan hydrogels for
biomedical application. J Polym Environ (2011) 19: 1005-1012.
36. Giri TK, et al. Modified chitosan hydrogels as drug delivery and tissue
engineering systems: present status and applications. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica
B 2012; 2(5); 439-449.
37. Bhattarai N, Gun J, Zhang M. Chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled, localized
drug delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 62 (2010) 83-99.
38. Gavhane YN, Gurav AS, Yadav AV. Chitosan and its applications: a review of
literature. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical
Sciences, vol.4 (1) Jan-Mar 2013.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
39. Riffidan M, Nurlisa H, Melany NR. Preparasi dan karakterisasi kompleks kitosan
hidrogel-tembaga. Molekul, vol.2. no.1. Mei 2007: 35-43.
40. Hyunmin YI, et al. Biofabrication with chitosan. Biomacromolecules, vol.6,
no.6, 2005.
41. Siti PM. Sintesis polimer superabsorben dari hidrogel kitosan terikat silang.
FMIPA UI 2012.
42. Sinha VR, et al. Chitosan microspheres as a potential carrier for drugs.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics 274 (2004) 1-33.
43. Giovanna G, Mario M, Paola L. Marine derived polysaccharides for biomedical
applications: chemical modification approaches. Molecules 2008, 13, 2069-2106.
44. Yellanki SK, Singh J, Manvi FV. Formulation, characterization and evaluation of
Metronidazole gel for local treatment of periodontitis. International Journal of
Pharma and Bio Sciences, v1(2) 2010.
45. Rawat S, Warade S, Lahoti S. In situ gel formulation of ornidazole for the
treatment of periodontal disease. Current Pharma Research, vol.1, Issue 1,
October-December 2010.
46. Sridhar RPN. Antibiotic susceptibility testing. (www.microrao.com).
47. Nkang AO, et al. Assessment of antibiotics susceptibility profiles of some
selected clinical isolates from laboratories in Nigeria. Journal of Microbiology
and antimicrobials. Vol. 1(2). Pp. 019-026, November, 2009.
48. Stephen J. Manual of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 10th ed. New York:
McGrawn-Hill Book.Co, 2005: 39-50.
49. Jorgensen JH, Ferraro MJ. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: general principles
and contemporary practices. CID 1998; 26 (April).
50. Gaudreau C, Gilbert H. Comparison of disc diffusion and agar dilution methods
for antibiotic susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. Jejuni and
Campylobacter coli. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (1997) 39, 707-712.
51. Akincibay H, Senel S, Yetkin Z. Application of chitosan gel in the treatment of
chronic periodontitis. Journal of Biomedical Material Research Part B: Applied
Biomaterials.2006.
52. Bhattarai N, Gunn J, Zhang M. Chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled,
localized drug delivery. Advanced drug delivery reviews 62 (2010) 83-99.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
53. Trijani S. Efek Klinis Aplikasi Subgingival Racikan Gel Metronidazole 25% dan
Larutan Povidon-iodon 10% sebagai Terapi Penunjang Skeling-Pengalusan Akar
pada Periodontitis Kronis. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2003;
10 (Edisi Khusus):669-674.
54. Kumar M, Prabhushankar GL, Sathesh babu PR. Formulation and in-vitro
evaluation of periodontal films containing Metronidazole. IJPRIF, 2010; 2(4):
2188-93.
55. Ashtaputre V, Limaye M. Local drug delivery in periodontics: A tactical
entreaty. JRPS, 2014; 2(1): 06-11.
56. Davis WW, Stout TR. Disc plate method of microbiological antibiotic assay.
Applied Microbiology, 1971; 22(4): 659-65.
57. Andreas BS, Sarah D. Chitosan-based drug delivery systems. European Journal
of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 81 (2012) 463–469.
-----------oOo----------
Universitas Sumatera Utara