Gambaran Batita Penderita Pneumonia yang Dirawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan Tahun 2015
ABSTRAK
Pneumonia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan dan penyumbang
terbesar penyebab kematian anak usia di bawah lima tahun. Pneumonia
membunuh hampir 1 dari 5 kematian anak balita, membunuh lebih dari 2 juta
anak balita setiap tahun yang sebagian besar terjadi di negara berkembang. Tahun
2013 di Sumatera Utara ada 23.643 kasus pneumonia.Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengetahui gambaran batita penderita pneumonia yang dirawat inap di
Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan tahun 2015.
Penelitian ini menggunakan desain case series dengan populasi adalah
seluruh batita penderita pneumonia yang dirawat inap di Rumah Sakit Santa
Elisabeth Medan tahun 2015 sebanyak 106 orang dan dijadikan sampel.Penelitian
ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan analisa statistik uji Chi-Square, uji mannwhitney dan uji kruskal-wallis. Hasil penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk narasi,
tabel distribusi frekuensi, diagram pie dan bar.
Diperoleh bahwa proporsi batita penderita pneumonia tertinggi ada
pada kelompok umur 24-35 bulan (44,3%), laki-laki (60,4%), Suku Batak
(93,4%), Kristen Protestan (75,5%), Kota Medan (64,2%), status gizi baik
(76,5%), status imunisasi tidak lengkap (59,4%), tanpa penyakit penyerta (83,0%),
derajat pneumonia (91,5%), lama rawatan rata-rata 4,76 hari dan pulang sembuh
(83,0%). Tidak ada perbedaan umur batita penderita pneumonia berdasarkan
derajat pneumonia, lama rawatan rata-rata berdasarkan umur dan derajat
pneumonia.Ada perbedaan lama rawatan rata-rata berdasarkan status gizi dan
penyakit penyerta, status gizi berdasarkan derajat pneumonia serta derajat
pneumonia berdasarkan kondisi sewaktu pulang.
Bagian poli anak Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth sebaiknya memberikan
penyuluhan kepada orang tua batita untuk dapat mengenali gejala serta faktor
risiko pneumonia.Orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan penyakit penyerta harus
lebih diawasi untuk mencegah anak menderita pneumonia.Pihak rekam medik
harus melengkapi pencatatan riwayat berat badan lahir dan riwayat pemberian
ASI eksklusif di dalam kartu status.
Kata Kunci: Gambaran, Batita dan Pneumonia
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Pneumonia is one of health issues and the biggest contributor that causes
of death for children under five years old. Pneumonia kills 1 in 5 children under
five years old, kills more than 2 million children under five years old every year
and mainly in developing countries. In 2013 at North Sumatra, there are 23.643
cases of pneumonia. This study aims to describe the the children under three
years old with pneumonia who are hospitalized at Santa Elisabeth Hospital
Medan in 2015.
This study uses the case series and the population is all of the the children
under three years oldwith pneumonia who are hospitalized at Santa Elizabeth
Hospital in 2015, total population is 106 children and be the sampel. This study
uses secondary data with statistical analysis Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney test
and Kruskal-Wallis tes. The result describe in narrative, in frequency distribution
table, in pie and bar chart.
This study showed that the proportion of the children under three years
oldwith pneumonia is highest in the age group 24-35 months (44.3%), male
(60.4%), Batak (93.4%), Protestants (75.5%), Medan (64.2%), good nutritional
status (76.5%), incomplete immunization status (59.4%), without concomitant
diseases (83.0%), pneumonia (91.5%) , average of treatment duration 4.76 days
and recovered (83.0%). There is no difference in age with pneumonia based on
the degree of pneumonia, average of treatment duration based on age and degree
of pneumonia. There is a difference in average of treatment duration based on
nutritional status and concomitant diseases, the nutritional status based on the
degree of pneumonia and the degree of pneumonia based on after treatment
conditions.
Children's polyclinic of Santa Elisabeth Hospital provide a counseling for
the parents about pneumonia. The parents who have children with concomitant
diseases should be more aware to prevent their children from pneumonia. The
department of medical records must complete the card status registration
especially in history of birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding.
Keywords: Describe, Children under three years old and Pneumonia
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Pneumonia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan dan penyumbang
terbesar penyebab kematian anak usia di bawah lima tahun. Pneumonia
membunuh hampir 1 dari 5 kematian anak balita, membunuh lebih dari 2 juta
anak balita setiap tahun yang sebagian besar terjadi di negara berkembang. Tahun
2013 di Sumatera Utara ada 23.643 kasus pneumonia.Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengetahui gambaran batita penderita pneumonia yang dirawat inap di
Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan tahun 2015.
Penelitian ini menggunakan desain case series dengan populasi adalah
seluruh batita penderita pneumonia yang dirawat inap di Rumah Sakit Santa
Elisabeth Medan tahun 2015 sebanyak 106 orang dan dijadikan sampel.Penelitian
ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan analisa statistik uji Chi-Square, uji mannwhitney dan uji kruskal-wallis. Hasil penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk narasi,
tabel distribusi frekuensi, diagram pie dan bar.
Diperoleh bahwa proporsi batita penderita pneumonia tertinggi ada
pada kelompok umur 24-35 bulan (44,3%), laki-laki (60,4%), Suku Batak
(93,4%), Kristen Protestan (75,5%), Kota Medan (64,2%), status gizi baik
(76,5%), status imunisasi tidak lengkap (59,4%), tanpa penyakit penyerta (83,0%),
derajat pneumonia (91,5%), lama rawatan rata-rata 4,76 hari dan pulang sembuh
(83,0%). Tidak ada perbedaan umur batita penderita pneumonia berdasarkan
derajat pneumonia, lama rawatan rata-rata berdasarkan umur dan derajat
pneumonia.Ada perbedaan lama rawatan rata-rata berdasarkan status gizi dan
penyakit penyerta, status gizi berdasarkan derajat pneumonia serta derajat
pneumonia berdasarkan kondisi sewaktu pulang.
Bagian poli anak Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth sebaiknya memberikan
penyuluhan kepada orang tua batita untuk dapat mengenali gejala serta faktor
risiko pneumonia.Orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan penyakit penyerta harus
lebih diawasi untuk mencegah anak menderita pneumonia.Pihak rekam medik
harus melengkapi pencatatan riwayat berat badan lahir dan riwayat pemberian
ASI eksklusif di dalam kartu status.
Kata Kunci: Gambaran, Batita dan Pneumonia
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Pneumonia is one of health issues and the biggest contributor that causes
of death for children under five years old. Pneumonia kills 1 in 5 children under
five years old, kills more than 2 million children under five years old every year
and mainly in developing countries. In 2013 at North Sumatra, there are 23.643
cases of pneumonia. This study aims to describe the the children under three
years old with pneumonia who are hospitalized at Santa Elisabeth Hospital
Medan in 2015.
This study uses the case series and the population is all of the the children
under three years oldwith pneumonia who are hospitalized at Santa Elizabeth
Hospital in 2015, total population is 106 children and be the sampel. This study
uses secondary data with statistical analysis Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney test
and Kruskal-Wallis tes. The result describe in narrative, in frequency distribution
table, in pie and bar chart.
This study showed that the proportion of the children under three years
oldwith pneumonia is highest in the age group 24-35 months (44.3%), male
(60.4%), Batak (93.4%), Protestants (75.5%), Medan (64.2%), good nutritional
status (76.5%), incomplete immunization status (59.4%), without concomitant
diseases (83.0%), pneumonia (91.5%) , average of treatment duration 4.76 days
and recovered (83.0%). There is no difference in age with pneumonia based on
the degree of pneumonia, average of treatment duration based on age and degree
of pneumonia. There is a difference in average of treatment duration based on
nutritional status and concomitant diseases, the nutritional status based on the
degree of pneumonia and the degree of pneumonia based on after treatment
conditions.
Children's polyclinic of Santa Elisabeth Hospital provide a counseling for
the parents about pneumonia. The parents who have children with concomitant
diseases should be more aware to prevent their children from pneumonia. The
department of medical records must complete the card status registration
especially in history of birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding.
Keywords: Describe, Children under three years old and Pneumonia
iv
Universitas Sumatera Utara