AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH-INDONESIAN TRANSLATION PROCEDURES ON TWITTER WEB PAGES.
Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH-INDONESIAN TRANSLATION
PROCEDURES ON TWITTER WEB PAGES
(A Case Study)
A Research Paper
Submitted as a Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of
Bachelor’s Degree in English Education Study Program
By
MUHAMMAD AWALUDDIN KAMIL (0905970)
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND FINE ARTS EDUCATION
INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
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Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
PAGE OF APPROVAL
MUHAMMAD AWALUDDIN KAMIL (0905970)
AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH-INDONESIAN TRANSLATION PROCEDURES ON TWITTER WEB PAGES
(A Case Study) Approved by: First Supervisor
Prof. Fuad Abdul Hamied, M.A., Ph.D. NIP. 195008211974121001
Second Supervisor
Sri Harto, S.Pd., M.Pd. NIP. 197205012006041004
Head of Department of English Education Faculty of Language and Fine Arts Education
Indonesia University of Education
Prof. Dr. H. Didi Suherdi, M.Ed. NIP. 196211011987121001
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Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION
I hereby certify that this research paper entitled An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages (A Case Study) is fully my own work, except where due references and ideas that I have properly acknowledged in the paper. I also affirm that this research paper contains no material which has been accepted for the awards or any other degree or diploma in any institutions.
Bandung, January 2014
Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil 0900705
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Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
ABSTRACT
This research paper intends to find out the translation procedures used in translating
the Twitter Web pages as well as finds out readers’ responses towards the quality of
the translation. A qualitative case study is employed to gain the results of the study (Baxter and Jack, 2008; McMillan and Schumacher, 2003, cited in Syamsudin and Damayanti, 2007). The data are gained from the analysis of translation procedures using translation procedures theories proposed by Newmark (1988), Larson (1984), Vinay and Darbelnet (1973), and Catford (1965) and interview to five English students majoring in Translating to get what pages which are mostly visited by them and the opinions on the translation quality supporting the translation procedures theories. This study finds out that there are 170 phrases from the 22 selected Twitter Web pages with the most frequently used translation procedure is Literal (42.4%), Couplets and Triples (37.6%), Naturalization (8.8%), Transference (5.9%), Shift (3.5%), Cultural Equivalent (1.2%), and Redection (0.6%). All participants from the interview also express that most translation products are acceptable and able to maintain the intended meaning (Lewis, 1985; Massoud, 1988; Nida, 1964). Finally, from the results of the research, it is expected to conduct more comprehensive analysis to all pages of the Twitter Website as well as to other longer sentences in other Websites.
Keywords: Translation, Translation Procedures, Twitter, Translation Quality
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu prosedur penerjemahan yang digunakan dalam penerjemahan halaman Web Twitter dan juga mencari tahu respon pembaca terhadap kualitas penerjemahan dalam halaman Web Twitter. Sebuah studi kasus kualitatif digunakan untuk mendapatkan hasil penelitian (Baxter and Jack, 2008; McMillan and Schumacher, 2003, cited in Syamsudin and Damayanti, 2007). Data diperoleh dari analisis prosedur penerjemahan dengan menggunakan teori perosedur penerjemahan yang dikemukakan oleh Newmark (1988), Larson (1984), Vinay and Darbelnet (1973), dan Catford (1965), dan kualitas terjemahan yang didukung oleh prosedur penejemahan dan wawancara terhadap lima mahasiswa Bahasa Inggris jurusan penerjemahan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ada 170 frasa dari 22 halaman Web Twitter terpilih yang didapat dari tanggapan narasumber wawancara. Seluruh partisipan dalam studi ini juga menyatakan bahwa hampir seluruh hasil terjemahan dapat dimengerti dan dapat menunjukkan arti yang sebenarnya (Lewis, 1985; Massoud, 1988; Nida, 1964). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diharapkan untuk melakukan analisis yang lebih komprehensif terhadap halaman Web Twitter maupun kalimat-kalimat yang lebih panjang yang terdapat pada halaman Web yang lain.
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Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE OF APPROVAL ... Error! Bookmark not defined. STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION ... Error! Bookmark not defined. PREFACE ... Error! Bookmark not defined. ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... Error! Bookmark not defined. ABSTRACT ... Error! Bookmark not defined. TABLE OF CONTENTS ... i LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ... ix CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1 Background of The Study ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2 Research Questions ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.3 Aims of the Study ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.4 Scope of the Study ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.5 Significance of the Study ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.6 Clarification of Related Terms ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.7 Organization of the Paper ... Error! Bookmark not defined. CHAPTER IILITERATURE REVIEW ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1 Definition of Translation ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2 The Skopos and Equivalence-Based Theories ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1 The Skopos Theory ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.2 The Equivalence-Based Theory ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3 The Translation Process ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
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Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.4 Translation Methods and Procedures ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.4.1 Translation Methods... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.4.2 Translation Procedure ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.1 Literal ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.2 Transference or Borrowing ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.3 Naturalization ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.4 Cultural Equivalent or Adaptation ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.5 Naturalization ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.6 Descriptive Equivalent ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.7 Synonymy ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.8 Through-Translation or Calque. ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.9 Shifts or Transposition. ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.10 Modulation. ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.11 Recognized Translation ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.12 Translation Label ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.13 Compensation ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.14 Componential Analysis. ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.15 Reduction and Expansion ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.16 Paraphrase ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.17 Couplets ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2.18 Notes, Additions, Glosses ...Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.5 Characteristics of Good Translation ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.6 Twitter ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.7 Review of Related Studies ... Error! Bookmark not defined. CHAPTER IIIRESEARCH METHODOLOGY . Error! Bookmark not defined.
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Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.1 Research Design and Method ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2 Research Procedures ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.1 Data Collection Techniques ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2.1.1 Interview ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2.1.2 Twitter Web pages ...Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.2 Data Analysis Techniques ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.3 Sample of the Data Analysis ... Error! Bookmark not defined. CHAPTER IVFINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS . Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.1 Findings and Discussions ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.1.1 Translation Procedures Used in the Twitter Web Pages. ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1 Literal Translation ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.2 Couplets and Triplets ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.3 Naturalization ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.4 Transference ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.5 Shift ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.6 Cultural Equivalent ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.7 Reduction ...Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.1.2 The Quality of Translation in Twitter Web pages Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2.1 Data From Interview ...Error! Bookmark not defined. CHAPTER VCONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.1 Conclusions ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2 Suggestions ... Error! Bookmark not defined. REFERENCES ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
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Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
APPENDIX 1The Total of the Analyzed Sample Data ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
APPENDIX 222 selected Twitter Web Pages ... Error! Bookmark not defined. APPENDIX 3The Result of the Interview ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 2. 1 Larson’s Process of Translation... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2. 2 Types of Translation Methods ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 2. 1 Examples of Translation Procedures... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3. 1 The Juxtaposition of English-Indonesian ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3. 2 Translation Procedures Used in both Language. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3. 3 Examples of Literal Translation Procedures ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 3. 4 Example of English-Indonesian Translation of Twitter Web pages ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4. 1 The Amount of Translation Procedures Used in the Indonesian Version of Twitter Web Pages (Newmark, 1988, p. 81-93; Larson, 1984; Vinay and
Darbelnet, 1973; Catford, 1965) ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4. 2 Literal Translation Procedure... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4. 3 Couplets Translation Procedure ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4. 4 Triplets Translation Procedure ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
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Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Table 4. 5 Naturalization Translation Procedure ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4. 6 Transference Translation Procedure ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4. 7 Shift Translation Procedure ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4. 8 Cultural Equivalent Translation Procedure ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4. 9 Reduction Translation Procedure ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4. 10 The Classification of Translation Quality ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
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An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
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Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the introduction of the research. It provides the background of the study, statements of the problem, aims of the study, significance of the study, clarification of the key terms, and the organization of the paper.
1.1 Background of The Study
The globalization era affects every aspect in people’s life. It affects not only
in economic aspect, but also in communication aspect. As a result, communication has become one of the essential elements in globalization and language plays a vital role in communication. In order to communicate with others effectively, people nowadays have to master particular languages. Different country has different languages. However, this rich variation of language creates language barriers among countries which do not speak the same languages. Therefore, most countries take English as a global language to bridge people to communicate with others. Unfortunately, there are still countries or communities which cannot use and understand English well, thus, to overcome the language and cultural barriers, translation has become an important activity to fill the barriers towards language differences.
According to Colina (2003, p. 12), a translated text belongs to two superimposed communicative contexts; the communicative context of the TT and the communicative context of the ST and culture. Furthermore, the aim of translation process is to transfer messages from source language to target language clearly, accurately, and naturally (Allatief, 2012, p. 2). Larson (1984, p. 3) states that translation consists of transferring the meaning of the source language into the receptor language. In a similar perspective, Catford (1965, cited in Gibova,
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Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).” In
addition, Nida (qtd. in Zakhir, 2008, p. 3, cited in Gibova, 2012) pointed out that
translation consists of “reproducing in the receptor language the natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of
style.” Consequently, the language difference issue becomes one of the challenges
for translators to make a good translation in order to achieve the intended meaning.
Many English texts are translated into Bahasa Indonesia in the form of novels (Harry Potter, The Alchemist, etc), books (Course book, Recipe book, etc), magazines (Rolling Stones, Harpers Bazaar, etc), and even news articles on the internet so that the translators need to retain the exact message. As a result, translation makes people easily get any information without confusion. To create a good translation, translators have to use appropriate procedures in translating the source texts to target texts to create suitable and meaningful messages. It is also
supported by the study conducted by Gibova (2012, p. 27) who states that “when
analyzing translations of any sort, be it literary or non-literary texts, there are certain categories that allow us to examine how the target text (TT) functions in
relation to the source text (ST).” In addition, different genre of text has different
treatment or procedures depending on the functions such as referential or informative, expressive, and operative (Reiss, 1976; Nord, 1977, cited in Colina, 2003, p. 14).
Language can be used to perform several functions, for example, to inform, to teach, to sympathize, and so on. Various typologies are available in the linguistics and translation studies literature (Bühler, 1934: Jakobson, 1960: Reiss, 1976: Nord, 1977 as cited in Colina, 2003, p. 13). Thus, before translating a particular text, translators should find out what kind of text that is going to be translated. In accordance with the present study, it draws an interest in conducting research dealing with the analysis of English-Indonesian translation procedures on Twitter Web pages. The reason of choosing Twitter Web pages as the subject of the study was that Twitter has become a popular social networking nowadays, and
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An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
it has been translated into several languages, including Bahasa Indonesia. Furthermore, Twitter has become an indispensable communication tool for business, non-profits, celebrities, and people all around the world and it serves billions of messages a week around the globe and the site is now available for 17
languages (and people tweet in more language than that) (O’Reilly and Milstein,
2012).
As mentioned earlier, this translated Web page is helpful for those who cannot use English well. However, a good translation must be conducted to guide people to use it appropriately. Since Twitter has various pages, the research will be limited only in translated sentences and phrases on the Web pages. Therefore, this research will analyze the translation procedures and quality of sentences and phrases in the Twitter Web pages.
1.2 Research Questions
From the background of the study, the research is aimed at answering the following questions:
1. What are translation procedures used in Indonesian version of Twitter Web pages?
2. How is the quality of Indonesian version of Twitter Web pages? 1.3 Aims of the Study
Based on the problems stated above, this study is conducted to:
1. Investigate the translation procedures used in Indonesian translated version of Twitter Web pages, and
2. Investigate the translation quality of the Indonesian translated version of Twitter Web pages.
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1.4 Scope of the Study
This research focuses only on finding out the types of translation procedures used in Indonesian translated version of Twitter Web pages based on the theories from Newmark (1988, p. 81-93), Larson (1984), Vinay and Darbelnet (1973), Catford (1965) and the translation quality and users’ response towards the Indonesian translated version of Twitter.
1.5 Significance of the Study
The findings of the study are expected to contribute to two perspectives: theoretically and practically.
Theoretically, the findings of the study can enrich and provide reference in analyzing translation procedures, especially Web pages, in this case is the Twitter Web pages. Furthermore, this study is expected to give additional information to the readers about translation procedures used in Indonesian translated version of the Twitter Web pages. Also, it is expected to be the guidance for other translators or students to use appropriate and suitable translation procedures in translating non-literary text.
Practically, the finding of the study will provide reference to the professional translators or students in choosing the appropriate translation procedures in translating Web pages and certain genre of the text. Therefore, they can transfer the message from source language to the target language clearly, accurately, and naturally.
1.6 Clarification of Related Terms
Twitter - A real-time information network that connects people to the latest stories, ideas, opinions and news about what they find interesting. Simply find the accounts people find most compelling and follow the conversations. (https://Twitter.com/about)
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Internet - International computer network connecting other networks and computers from companies, universities, etc.(Oxford Dictionary, 2008)
Website – Place connected to the internet, where a company, organization, etc puts information that can be found on the World Wide Web. (Oxford Dictionary, 2008)
User – Person or thing that uses something. (Oxford Dictionary, 2008) 1.7 Organization of the Paper
This paper of study is organized into five chapters as follows: Chapter I: INTRODUCTION
This chapter provides background, statements of the problems, aims of the study, scope of the study, research method, significance of the study, and organization of the paper.
Chapter II: LITERATURE RIVIEW
This chapter discusses the theoretical foundation related to the basic framework of the study. This chapter discusses the definition of translation, translation theories and Twitter as the object of the study.
Chapter III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter provides the methodology of study and description of research procedures used in order to answer the research questions stated in Chapter I. This chapter consists of research questions, aims of the study, research design, the data collection, and finally the data analysis.
Chapter IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter presents the result of the study including the analysis of the data based on the data collection and the theoretical frameworks.
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Chapter V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter contains the conclusion of the research resulted in further suggestions for future research related to the focus of the study as well as other fields.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter provides the methodology of the research and the description of research procedures used in order to answer the research questions stated in Chapter I. This chapter consists of the research questions, aims of the study, research design, the data collection, and finally the data analysis.
1.1 Research Design and Method
Related to the aims and the characteristics of the study, this research used a qualitative case study design. According to Baxter and Jack (2008), qualitative case study provides tools for researchers to study complex phenomena within their context. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to understand a social phenomenon and individual perspective being analyzed, in this case is the selected Twitter Web pages (McMillan and Schumacher, 2003, cited in Syamsudin and Damayanti, 2007). Furthermore, this study also attempted to find out why certain translation procedures were used to create good or even irrelevant translations in order to know the quality of the translation of the selected Twitter Web pages based on the characteristics of good translation proposed by several experts as stated in Chapter II. Thus, in relation to this study, the qualitative case study design was considered appropriate since this research specifically analyzed the translation procedures used in Indonesian translated version of Twitter Web pages and its translation quality.
1.2 Research Procedures
There are two sections elaborated in this part. The first section refers to the elaboration of the data collection techniques of the study. The second part addresses the explanation of the step to analyze the data gained during the research.
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1.2.1 Data Collection Techniques
As a case study research, creating a deep exploration and understanding towards the study was needed to do. Thus, two data collection techniques were used in this study, namely interview and the translated version of the Twitter Web pages.
1.2.1.1 Interview
The source used in this research to gain the data was the words and phrases on the selected Twitter Web pages and identify the quality of the translation. In consequence, to identify the sample of the words or phrases on the Twitter Web pages, the research employed purposive sampling as the method for selecting the participants for the interview. The participants of the interview were chosen based on researcher‟s judgement that the information from the participants would provide the spesific data needed in the study (Fraenkel, Wallen & Hyun, 2012, p. 100). Specifically, this study used the typical sample. In other words, the selected participants were considered or judged typical or representative of that which is being studied (Fraenkel, Wallen, & Hyun, p. 436). Thus, five English students majoring in Translating whom also Twitter users were chosen to be the respondents of the study for the interview.
In selecting the participants of the interview, two considerations were taken into account. First, the final score of translation practice course of each participant is “A” indicating that the participants possessed sufficient knowledge specifically in relation to translation, its practice, and the characteristics of good translation which are significant in this research. The second consideration was that each participant had reached more than 1000 tweets showing that they are frequent and active users of Twitter. After selecting the respondents, informed consent was given to each participant to willingly take part in the current study.
An in-depth interview was solely employed to obtain the data in this study. Interview is the most common source for qualitative data alongside with observations and documents (Patton, 2002). An in-depth interview was conducted
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in the form of informal conversational interview. The interviewees were asked in the natural course of things. The primary intent of the informal interview is to find out what the interviewees think and how the views of one individual compare with those of another (Fraenkel, Wallen & Hyun, 2012, p. 451). The interview was conducted two times. The first interview was aimed at discovering the user‟s most visited and accessed pages on Twitter Web pages Twitter Website and the second interview was aimed at figuring out their responses towards the translation quality, whether it was an acceptable translation or not an acceptable translation.
The interview was conducted in English. In the first interview, each interviewee was asked two questions about which Twitter Web Pages they usually visited and accessed. Furthermore, in the second interview, the interviewees were given the transcript of the selected pages taken from the first interview both in English language (SL) and Indonesian Language (TL). As mentioned earlier, the second interview was intended to find out the interviewees‟ response and opinion about the quality of Indonesian translated version of Twitter Web pages. The questions and answers were written down on the research note. Furthermore, the conclusion was drawn from the transcription.
1.2.1.2 Twitter Web pages
As the main concern of the research, the main data were collected from the Twitter Web pages in the form of words and phrases that were figured out during the interview section. In other words, the words and phrases in the Indonesian translated version were taken from the participants‟ frequently visited and accessed Twitter Web pages. It was found out that there were 22 Web pages consisting of 170 words and phrases gained from the interview that will be further elaborated in Chapter IV.
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1.2.2 Data Analysis Techniques
To analyze the data, several steps were taken in order to conduct the analysis: 1. Searching the relevant theory from textbook, thesis, journal, internet sources
to support the study.
2. Reading and comparing Twitter Web pages based on the result of interview in both English and Indonesian language.
3. Juxtaposing the English and Indonesian version of Twitter Website page in both English (Source language) and Indonesian (Target language) version as provided in Table 3.1.
Table 3. 1 The Juxtaposition of English-Indonesian
No English Version Indonesian Version
1 I'm followed by someone new. Saya diikuti oleh orang baru.
2 Do not inform me before showing media that may be sensitive.
Jangan beri tahu saya sebelum menampilkan media yang mungkin sensitif.
3 Mark media I tweet as containing material that may be sensitive.
Tandai media yang saya tweet mengandung materi yang mungkin sensitif.
4 News about Twitter on partner products and other third party services.
Berita mengenai Twitter pada produk mitra dan layanan pihak ketiga lainnya.
5 Who to follow. Untuk diikuti.
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4. Identifying the data based on each translation procedure theories by Newmark (1988); and Vinay and Dalbernet (1973) as provided in Table 3.2
Table 3. 2 Translation Procedures Used in both Language.
No. English Version Indonesian Version Translation Procedure
1
How do I use Twitter? Bagaimana saya
menggunakan Twitter?
Couplets (literal and transference)
2
How do I update my settings?
Bagaimana saya memperbarui pengaturan
saya?
Literal
5. Classifying and listing the text based on its translation in both English and Indonesian language. According to Stake (2010), researcher could classify each datum according to a categorical scheme (Stake, 2010, p. 89) as provided in Table 3.3.
Table 3. 3 Examples of Literal Translation Procedures
Source Language Target Language
1 Policies and violations Kebijakan dan pelanggaran
2 Safety and security Keselamatan dan keamanan
3 Invite friends Ajak teman
4 Follow Ikuti
5 Suggestions for people you probably know in the real world
Usulan untuk orang yang mungkin anda kenal di dunia nyata
6 Me Saya
7 Connect Hubungkan
8 Search Cari
9 Discover Temukan
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6. Analyzing and calculating the percentage for each procedures by this formula: P = x 100%
P= Precentage
F= Frequency of translation procedure N= Total number of samples
7. Discussing the data based on each translation procedure theories by Newmark (1988); and Vinay and Dalbernet (1973) (further discussion is elaborated in Chapter IV).
8. Judging and discussing the translation quality based on some theories as discussed chapter two by separating it into two groups (the qualified and the not qualified). This step is supported by the readers‟ opinion about the quality of the translation version.
9. Drawing conclusions.
1.3 Sample of the Data Analysis
In this part, one sample of the data analysis is put forward as shown in Table 3.4 to show how the data will be discussed in Chapter IV.
Table 3. 4 Example of English-Indonesian Translation of Twitter Web pages
Source Language Target Language
1 Mobile Ponsel
2 Search Cari
3 Country Negara
Table 3.4 shows the examples of literal translation in the Twitter Web pages. As indicated in the table above, the texts were translated literally, because the meanings were still preserved clearly to create relevant information as it
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happens in word to word, group to group, clause to clause, and sentence to sentence (Newmark, 1988). In addition, literal translation transfers SL grammar and word order, as well as the primary meaning of all the SL words, and it is effective only for brief simple neutral sentences (Newmark, 1988: 69).
As indicated in the examples above, the translator translated literally the words „mobile‟ into „ponsel’, ‘search’ was translated into „cari‟, and „country’ was translated into „negara‟. Those words were translated literally, because they had equivalent meanings in the receptor language. Furthermore, the meanings of the words were clear and accurate, and understandable in the receptor language. Thus, it can be noticed that this translation fulfilled the Skopos theory in which it determines the purpose of the translation.
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Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter is intended to draw the conclusions and suggestions from the elaboration of findings and discussions in Chapter IV in reference to the research questions proposed in Chapter I.
5.1 Conclusions
This research paper intends to find out the translation procedures used in
translating the Twitter Web pages as well as finds out readers’ responses towards
the quality of the translation. This research, then, focuses on the investigation of the translation procedures which are used in the Indonesian version of the Twitter Web pages and find out its translation quality. This case study research has found out how the translation procedures were used in translating the selected Twitter Web pages along with the identification of the quality of the translation. This research was aimed at investigating the translation procedures which were used in the Indonesian version of Twitter Web pages and finding out its translation quality. Therefore, after analyzing the collected data the present study draws several conclusions related to the research questions and the aims of the study.
First, from the analysis of the translation procedures, the translated version of the Twitter Web pages mostly employed the literal translation procedures to deliver the meaning of each page. These translation procedures are proven to be relevant since the words that are used in the Twitter Web pages are simple consisting of only two or three words. In addition, the literal translation procedures are assumed a good choice to retain the quality of the translation as well as the whole intention of the Source Language (SL).
Then, the second most frequently used is couplets. This type of translation procedure is commonly used if there are two or more than two types of procedures in one sentence (Newmark, 1988). The intention of using this procedure is to
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63
Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
translate the texts based on the aims or purposes of the intended readers and to convey the message of the SL as closely as possible to the Target Language (TL) (Nida, 1964; Vermeer, 1978; Pym, 2007; Munday, 2009). The use of other translation procedures is also mainly aimed at preserving the meaning of SL to the TL. The good characteristics of the translation products are also achieved since the clarity and naturalness of the TL are maintained despite several improper translations.
Nevertheless, the inappropriate translations to some words such as “e-mail”
and “discoverability” should also be considered since there are already suitable
translations for “e-mail” which is “Surat Elektronik” and it has been extensively
used in several media. Additionally, as found out in Chapter IV, the word
“discoverability” should use the expansion translation procedure to get the exact
meaning and to create new relevant vocabulary which suits the TL (Indonesian). From the interview, besides gaining what Twitter Web pages that are frequently visited and accessed by the students, it was also found out that the
participants’ opinions towards the translation version of Twitter Web pages are positive and it is in line with what the analysis of procedures and theories proposed by the experts.
5.2 Suggestions
In relation to the present study, several suggestions are also proposed to the betterment of future research. The suggestions are elaborated in the following:
1. The future research is expected to explore more appropriate and more equal choice of words in terms of the translation products such as Websites or Web pages on the Internet depending on the purpose of the translation as well as the readers’ expectations.
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64
Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2. Related to the characteristics of good translation, the translators should create and choose natural and clear translation to achieve the goals to attain the real message of the text.
3. It is also suggested for the future research to conduct more comprehensive analysis to all pages of Twitter Website as well as to other longer sentences in other Websites.
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Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
REFERENCES
Abdellah, A.H. (2005). Novice Translators’ Guide. Qena Faculty of Education.South Valley University.
Allatief, M. I. 2012. The Analysis of Translation Methods and Procedures in Facebook: A Study Of translation Methods And Procedures In Facebook Web Pages. Skripsi Sarjana Sastra pada FPBS UPI [online]. Avaliable at:
http://repository.upi.edu/skripsiview.php?no_skripsi=14456 [April, 18th 2013]
Azizah, L. (2010). An Analysis of Translation Procedures and language
Functions in New Moon Novel’s by Stephanie Mayer. Skripsi Sarjana Sastra pada FPBS UPI [online]. Avaliable at: http://repository.upi.edu/ skripsiview.php?no_skripsi=5966 [April, 18th 2013]
Basnett, S. (2002). Translation Studies. New York: Routledge.
Baxter, P. & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for Novice Researchers [Online], The Qualitative Report Volume 13 Number 4 December 2008 544-559. Tersedia:
http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR13-4/baxter.pdf
Catford, J. C. (1965). A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press Inc.
Colina, S. (2003). Translation Teaching: From Research to the Classroom: A Handbook for Teacher. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Frankael, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York: Mc-Graw Hill Inc.
(28)
Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Gibova, K. (2012). Translation Procedures in the Non-literary and Literary Text Compared: (based on an analysis of an EU institutional-legal text and novel
excerpt “The Shack“ by William P. Young). [online]. Avaliable at:
http://www.pulib.sk/elpub2/FF/Gibova1/ [April 18, 2013]
Jabir, J. K. (2006). Skopos Theory: Basic Principles and Deficiencies, Journal of the Collage of Arts. Univerity of Basrah Number 41 2006.
Jensen, M. N. (2009). Professional Translators’ Establishment of Skopos– A Brief Study. [online]. Avaliable at: http://pure.au.dk/portal/files
/7795/Professional_Translators__Establishment_of_Skopos.pdf. [January 7, 2014]
Larson, M. (1984). Meaning-Based Translation. United States Of America: University Press of America.
Munday, J. (2001). Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. London: Rotledge.
Munday, J. (2009). The Routledge Companion to Translation Studies: Revised Edition. New York: Routledge.
Newmark, P. (1988). A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International
O’Reilly, T. & Milstein, S. (2012). The Twitter Book. 1005 Gravenstein Highway
North, Sebastopol, CA 95472: O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Pym, A. (2007). Natural and Directional Equivalence in Theories of Translation. [Online]. Avaliable at: http://www.ualberta.ca/~ivashkiv/translation
(29)
Muhammad Awaluddin Kamil, 2014
An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation Procedures On Twitter Web Pages Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Stake, R. E. (2010). Qualitative Research: Studying How Things Work. New York: Guilford Press.
Syamsudin, A. R. & Damayanti, V. S. (2007). Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa. Bandung: Rosda.
Venuti, L. (2000). The Translation Studies Reader. New York: Routledge.
Vinay, J. P. & Darbelnet, P. (1973). A comparative Stylistics of French and English. New York: Routledge.
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62
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter is intended to draw the conclusions and suggestions from the elaboration of findings and discussions in Chapter IV in reference to the research questions proposed in Chapter I.
5.1 Conclusions
This research paper intends to find out the translation procedures used in translating the Twitter Web pages as well as finds out readers’ responses towards the quality of the translation. This research, then, focuses on the investigation of the translation procedures which are used in the Indonesian version of the Twitter Web pages and find out its translation quality. This case study research has found out how the translation procedures were used in translating the selected Twitter Web pages along with the identification of the quality of the translation. This research was aimed at investigating the translation procedures which were used in the Indonesian version of Twitter Web pages and finding out its translation quality. Therefore, after analyzing the collected data the present study draws several conclusions related to the research questions and the aims of the study.
First, from the analysis of the translation procedures, the translated version of the Twitter Web pages mostly employed the literal translation procedures to deliver the meaning of each page. These translation procedures are proven to be relevant since the words that are used in the Twitter Web pages are simple consisting of only two or three words. In addition, the literal translation procedures are assumed a good choice to retain the quality of the translation as well as the whole intention of the Source Language (SL).
Then, the second most frequently used is couplets. This type of translation procedure is commonly used if there are two or more than two types of procedures
(2)
63
translate the texts based on the aims or purposes of the intended readers and to convey the message of the SL as closely as possible to the Target Language (TL) (Nida, 1964; Vermeer, 1978; Pym, 2007; Munday, 2009). The use of other translation procedures is also mainly aimed at preserving the meaning of SL to the TL. The good characteristics of the translation products are also achieved since the clarity and naturalness of the TL are maintained despite several improper translations.
Nevertheless, the inappropriate translations to some words such as “e-mail” and “discoverability” should also be considered since there are already suitable translations for “e-mail” which is “Surat Elektronik” and it has been extensively used in several media. Additionally, as found out in Chapter IV, the word “discoverability” should use the expansion translation procedure to get the exact meaning and to create new relevant vocabulary which suits the TL (Indonesian).
From the interview, besides gaining what Twitter Web pages that are frequently visited and accessed by the students, it was also found out that the participants’ opinions towards the translation version of Twitter Web pages are positive and it is in line with what the analysis of procedures and theories proposed by the experts.
5.2 Suggestions
In relation to the present study, several suggestions are also proposed to the betterment of future research. The suggestions are elaborated in the following:
1. The future research is expected to explore more appropriate and more equal choice of words in terms of the translation products such as Websites or Web pages on the Internet depending on the purpose of the translation as well as the readers’ expectations.
(3)
64
2. Related to the characteristics of good translation, the translators should create and choose natural and clear translation to achieve the goals to attain the real message of the text.
3. It is also suggested for the future research to conduct more comprehensive analysis to all pages of Twitter Website as well as to other longer sentences in other Websites.
(4)
REFERENCES
Abdellah, A.H. (2005). Novice Translators’ Guide. Qena Faculty of Education.South Valley University.
Allatief, M. I. 2012. The Analysis of Translation Methods and Procedures in Facebook: A Study Of translation Methods And Procedures In Facebook Web Pages. Skripsi Sarjana Sastra pada FPBS UPI [online]. Avaliable at:
http://repository.upi.edu/skripsiview.php?no_skripsi=14456 [April, 18th 2013]
Azizah, L. (2010). An Analysis of Translation Procedures and language
Functions in New Moon Novel’s by Stephanie Mayer. Skripsi Sarjana Sastra pada FPBS UPI [online]. Avaliable at: http://repository.upi.edu/ skripsiview.php?no_skripsi=5966 [April, 18th 2013]
Basnett, S. (2002). Translation Studies. New York: Routledge.
Baxter, P. & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for Novice Researchers [Online], The Qualitative Report Volume 13 Number 4 December 2008 544-559. Tersedia:
http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR13-4/baxter.pdf
Catford, J. C. (1965). A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press Inc.
Colina, S. (2003). Translation Teaching: From Research to the Classroom: A Handbook for Teacher. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Frankael, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York: Mc-Graw Hill Inc.
(5)
Gibova, K. (2012). Translation Procedures in the Non-literary and Literary Text Compared: (based on an analysis of an EU institutional-legal text and novel
excerpt “The Shack“ by William P. Young). [online]. Avaliable at:
http://www.pulib.sk/elpub2/FF/Gibova1/ [April 18, 2013]
Jabir, J. K. (2006). Skopos Theory: Basic Principles and Deficiencies, Journal of the Collage of Arts. Univerity of Basrah Number 41 2006.
Jensen, M. N. (2009). Professional Translators’ Establishment of Skopos– A Brief Study. [online]. Avaliable at: http://pure.au.dk/portal/files
/7795/Professional_Translators__Establishment_of_Skopos.pdf. [January 7, 2014]
Larson, M. (1984). Meaning-Based Translation. United States Of America: University Press of America.
Munday, J. (2001). Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. London: Rotledge.
Munday, J. (2009). The Routledge Companion to Translation Studies: Revised Edition. New York: Routledge.
Newmark, P. (1988). A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International
O’Reilly, T. & Milstein, S. (2012). The Twitter Book. 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472: O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Pym, A. (2007). Natural and Directional Equivalence in Theories of Translation. [Online]. Avaliable at: http://www.ualberta.ca/~ivashkiv/translation
(6)
Stake, R. E. (2010). Qualitative Research: Studying How Things Work. New York: Guilford Press.
Syamsudin, A. R. & Damayanti, V. S. (2007). Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa. Bandung: Rosda.
Venuti, L. (2000). The Translation Studies Reader. New York: Routledge.
Vinay, J. P. & Darbelnet, P. (1973). A comparative Stylistics of French and English. New York: Routledge.