Conjunctions and Their Functions in "Dwellers of the Night" By Anthony Barnhart.
CONJUNCTIONS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN
“DWELLERS OF THE NIGHT ” BY ANTHONY
BARNHART
NI LUH PUTU INTAN SASMITA
1201305069
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ARTS
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
CONJUNCTIONS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN
“DWELLERS OF THE NIGHT ” BY ANTHONY
BARNHART
NI LUH PUTU INTAN SASMITA
1201305069
FACULTY OF ARTS
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
i
CONJUNCTIONS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN
“DWELLERS OF THE NIGHT” BY ANTHONY
BARNHART
This paper is submitted as a partial fulfillment
to obtain the Sarjana Sastra degree at English Department Faculty of Arts
Udayana University
NI LUH PUTU INTAN SASMITA
1201305069
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
ii
THIS PAPER WAS APPROVED BY EXAMINATION BOARD
OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF ARTS,
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
ON SEPTEMBER 29th 2016
According to Dean’s Letter of Decision of Faculty of Arts, Udayana
University
No
: 005A/J14.1.1/PP.03.01/2004
Date
: 8 Januari 2004
The Undergaduated Thesis Examiners
Chairperson : Ni Ketut Sri Rahayuni,S.S.,M. Hum.
Secretary
: Yana Qomariana S.S.,M. Ling
Member
: 1. Prof. Dr. Ketut Artawa,M.A
: 2. Dr. NLK Mas Mas Indrawati,Dip.TEFL,M.A
: 3. I Nyoman Aryawibawa,S.S.,M.A.,Ph.D
: 4. Drs. I Nyoman Udayana,M.Litt.,Ph.D
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Almighty
God, Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa, because of His blessing, this paper could be
completed at the proper time. In composing this paper certainly found a lot of
difficulties but by working hard and having great help from advisor, the
difficulties could be overcomed and this paper could be finished.
In this good occasion, I would like to express my great gratitude to Ni
Ketut Sri Rahayuni,S.S., M.Humas the first supervisor, Yana Qomariana,S.S.,
M.Lingas the second supervisor, and Drs. I Nyoman Udayana,M.Litt.,Ph.D for
their helpful, guidance, and suggetion. Finally, gratitude also goes to my family
who have given support and help during the process of finishing this paper.
Especially, to my mother Ni Wayan Nuriti for the greatest support and to my
father I Nengah Jagra, you are not here anymore but I like to believe you are
watching over me.Thankyou for your love and for the memories we have together.
I realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore,
comments, construction critisism, and suggestion will be very much needed. I
hope this paper willbe useful for the readers.
Denpasar, September 29th2016
Ni Luh Putu Intan Sasmita
v
ABSTRACT
This paper entitled Conjunctions and Their Functions in Novel “Dwellers
of the Night” by Anthony Barnhart. The aims of this paper is to analyse the types
and the function of conjunction which are used in the novel. The conjunctions
were taken from the English novel entitled “Dwellers of the Night” by Anthony
Barnhart (2011). The data was collected through library research. In completing
the process of collecting the data, note-taking technique was applied. The
collected data were analyzed descriptively.
The main theory used in this paper is theory of conjunction by Halliday
and Hassan in their book “Cohesion in English” (1976), the theories include the
types of conjunction. This paper also uses theory by Stern, in His book Outline of
English Grammar with Exercises and Aswer Key (2003) to explain the functions
of conjunctions.
There are two conclusions stated here, based on the problems which were
analysed. First, the finding shown the four types of conjunctions proposed by
Halliday and Hassan, those are: additive, adversative, causal, and temporal.
Second, the conjunction in this novel have different function, those are:
conjunction joins one word to another, conjunction joins one phrase to another,
conjunction joins one clause to another, and conjunction joins one sentence to
another.
Key words: conjunction, additive, adversative, causal, and temporal.
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Pages
COVER ..................................................................................................
i
DEGREE REQUIREMENT..................................................................
ii
APPROVAL SHEETS ...........................................................................
iii
EXAMINATION BOARD .....................................................................
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................
v
ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................
vii
ABBREVIATION ..................................................................................
x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION..............................................................
1
1.1 Background of study .........................................................................
1
1.2 Problems of study ..............................................................................
2
1.3 Aims of study .....................................................................................
3
1.3.1 General Aim .............................................................................
3
1.3.1 General Aim .............................................................................
3
1.4 Significances of Study........................................................................
3
1.4.1 Theoritical Significance ............................................................
3
1.4.2 Practical Significance ...............................................................
3
1.5 Scope of Discussion ...........................................................................
4
vii
CHAPTER
II
REVIEW
OF
LITERATURES,
CONCEPTS,
AND
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK .........................................................
5
2.1 Literatures Review .............................................................................
5
2.2 Concept ..............................................................................................
7
2.2.1 Concept of Conjunction ............................................................
7
2.2.2 Function of Conjunction ...........................................................
7
2.3 Theoretical Framework ......................................................................
8
2.3.1 Types of Conjunction ...............................................................
8
2.3.2 Function of Conjunction ...........................................................
19
2.3.2 Tree Diagram ...........................................................................
20
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD..................................................
21
3.1 Data Source........................................................................................
21
3.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data .........................................
21
3.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data .........................................
22
3.4 Method and Technique of Presenting Data Analysis ...........................
22
CHAPTER IV CONJUNCTION AND ITS FUNCTION IN NOVEL “
“DWELLERS OF THE NIGHT” ...........................................................
24
4.1 Types of Conjunction in Novel “Dwellers of the Night” ....................
25
4.1.1 Additive ...................................................................................
25
4.1.2 Adversative ..............................................................................
26
4.1.3 Causal ......................................................................................
31
4.1.4 Temporal ..................................................................................
34
viii
4.2 Function of Conjunction Found in the Novel ......................................
36
4.2.1 Conjunction Joins One Word to Another ..................................
34
4.2.2 Conjunction Joins One Phrase to Another .................................
38
4.2.3 Conjunction Joins One Clause to Another.................................
41
4.2.4 Conjunction Joins One Sentence to Another .............................
44
4.3 Chart of Types and Functions of Conjunction.......................................
46
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION..................................................................
49
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
ix
ABBREVIATION
Adv
= Adverb
AdvP
=Adverb Phrase
Aux
= Auxiliary
Adj
= Adjective
AdjP
= Adjective Phrase
C-C
= Clause to Clause
Con
= Conjunction
D
= Determiner
N
= Noun
NP
= Noun Phrase
P
= Prepotion
PP
= Prepotional Phrase
P-P
= Phrase to Phrase
P1
= First Phrase
P2
= Second Phrase
Q
= Quantifier
S-S
= Sentence to Sentence
S1
= First Sentence
S2
= Second Sentence
Q
= Quantifier
VP
= Verb Phrase
W-W
= Word to Word
x
“DWELLERS OF THE NIGHT ” BY ANTHONY
BARNHART
NI LUH PUTU INTAN SASMITA
1201305069
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ARTS
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
CONJUNCTIONS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN
“DWELLERS OF THE NIGHT ” BY ANTHONY
BARNHART
NI LUH PUTU INTAN SASMITA
1201305069
FACULTY OF ARTS
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
i
CONJUNCTIONS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN
“DWELLERS OF THE NIGHT” BY ANTHONY
BARNHART
This paper is submitted as a partial fulfillment
to obtain the Sarjana Sastra degree at English Department Faculty of Arts
Udayana University
NI LUH PUTU INTAN SASMITA
1201305069
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016
ii
THIS PAPER WAS APPROVED BY EXAMINATION BOARD
OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF ARTS,
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
ON SEPTEMBER 29th 2016
According to Dean’s Letter of Decision of Faculty of Arts, Udayana
University
No
: 005A/J14.1.1/PP.03.01/2004
Date
: 8 Januari 2004
The Undergaduated Thesis Examiners
Chairperson : Ni Ketut Sri Rahayuni,S.S.,M. Hum.
Secretary
: Yana Qomariana S.S.,M. Ling
Member
: 1. Prof. Dr. Ketut Artawa,M.A
: 2. Dr. NLK Mas Mas Indrawati,Dip.TEFL,M.A
: 3. I Nyoman Aryawibawa,S.S.,M.A.,Ph.D
: 4. Drs. I Nyoman Udayana,M.Litt.,Ph.D
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Almighty
God, Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa, because of His blessing, this paper could be
completed at the proper time. In composing this paper certainly found a lot of
difficulties but by working hard and having great help from advisor, the
difficulties could be overcomed and this paper could be finished.
In this good occasion, I would like to express my great gratitude to Ni
Ketut Sri Rahayuni,S.S., M.Humas the first supervisor, Yana Qomariana,S.S.,
M.Lingas the second supervisor, and Drs. I Nyoman Udayana,M.Litt.,Ph.D for
their helpful, guidance, and suggetion. Finally, gratitude also goes to my family
who have given support and help during the process of finishing this paper.
Especially, to my mother Ni Wayan Nuriti for the greatest support and to my
father I Nengah Jagra, you are not here anymore but I like to believe you are
watching over me.Thankyou for your love and for the memories we have together.
I realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore,
comments, construction critisism, and suggestion will be very much needed. I
hope this paper willbe useful for the readers.
Denpasar, September 29th2016
Ni Luh Putu Intan Sasmita
v
ABSTRACT
This paper entitled Conjunctions and Their Functions in Novel “Dwellers
of the Night” by Anthony Barnhart. The aims of this paper is to analyse the types
and the function of conjunction which are used in the novel. The conjunctions
were taken from the English novel entitled “Dwellers of the Night” by Anthony
Barnhart (2011). The data was collected through library research. In completing
the process of collecting the data, note-taking technique was applied. The
collected data were analyzed descriptively.
The main theory used in this paper is theory of conjunction by Halliday
and Hassan in their book “Cohesion in English” (1976), the theories include the
types of conjunction. This paper also uses theory by Stern, in His book Outline of
English Grammar with Exercises and Aswer Key (2003) to explain the functions
of conjunctions.
There are two conclusions stated here, based on the problems which were
analysed. First, the finding shown the four types of conjunctions proposed by
Halliday and Hassan, those are: additive, adversative, causal, and temporal.
Second, the conjunction in this novel have different function, those are:
conjunction joins one word to another, conjunction joins one phrase to another,
conjunction joins one clause to another, and conjunction joins one sentence to
another.
Key words: conjunction, additive, adversative, causal, and temporal.
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Pages
COVER ..................................................................................................
i
DEGREE REQUIREMENT..................................................................
ii
APPROVAL SHEETS ...........................................................................
iii
EXAMINATION BOARD .....................................................................
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................
v
ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................
vii
ABBREVIATION ..................................................................................
x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION..............................................................
1
1.1 Background of study .........................................................................
1
1.2 Problems of study ..............................................................................
2
1.3 Aims of study .....................................................................................
3
1.3.1 General Aim .............................................................................
3
1.3.1 General Aim .............................................................................
3
1.4 Significances of Study........................................................................
3
1.4.1 Theoritical Significance ............................................................
3
1.4.2 Practical Significance ...............................................................
3
1.5 Scope of Discussion ...........................................................................
4
vii
CHAPTER
II
REVIEW
OF
LITERATURES,
CONCEPTS,
AND
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK .........................................................
5
2.1 Literatures Review .............................................................................
5
2.2 Concept ..............................................................................................
7
2.2.1 Concept of Conjunction ............................................................
7
2.2.2 Function of Conjunction ...........................................................
7
2.3 Theoretical Framework ......................................................................
8
2.3.1 Types of Conjunction ...............................................................
8
2.3.2 Function of Conjunction ...........................................................
19
2.3.2 Tree Diagram ...........................................................................
20
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD..................................................
21
3.1 Data Source........................................................................................
21
3.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data .........................................
21
3.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data .........................................
22
3.4 Method and Technique of Presenting Data Analysis ...........................
22
CHAPTER IV CONJUNCTION AND ITS FUNCTION IN NOVEL “
“DWELLERS OF THE NIGHT” ...........................................................
24
4.1 Types of Conjunction in Novel “Dwellers of the Night” ....................
25
4.1.1 Additive ...................................................................................
25
4.1.2 Adversative ..............................................................................
26
4.1.3 Causal ......................................................................................
31
4.1.4 Temporal ..................................................................................
34
viii
4.2 Function of Conjunction Found in the Novel ......................................
36
4.2.1 Conjunction Joins One Word to Another ..................................
34
4.2.2 Conjunction Joins One Phrase to Another .................................
38
4.2.3 Conjunction Joins One Clause to Another.................................
41
4.2.4 Conjunction Joins One Sentence to Another .............................
44
4.3 Chart of Types and Functions of Conjunction.......................................
46
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION..................................................................
49
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
ix
ABBREVIATION
Adv
= Adverb
AdvP
=Adverb Phrase
Aux
= Auxiliary
Adj
= Adjective
AdjP
= Adjective Phrase
C-C
= Clause to Clause
Con
= Conjunction
D
= Determiner
N
= Noun
NP
= Noun Phrase
P
= Prepotion
PP
= Prepotional Phrase
P-P
= Phrase to Phrase
P1
= First Phrase
P2
= Second Phrase
Q
= Quantifier
S-S
= Sentence to Sentence
S1
= First Sentence
S2
= Second Sentence
Q
= Quantifier
VP
= Verb Phrase
W-W
= Word to Word
x