TENOR IN MEGAWATI SOEKARNO PUTRIS SPEECHES.

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TENOR IN MEGAWATI SOEKARNOPUTRI’S SPEECHES

A THESIS

Submitted to the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of

Sarjana Sastra

By:

RIKO T P SIDABUTAR Reg. No. 208222052

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

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iii ABSTRACT

Riko T P Sidabutar. NIM 208222052. Tenor in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s Speeches. A Thesis. Faculty of Language and Arts, Unimed 2012

The objective of this research is to describe the aspect of tenor in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches when she was involved in an interaction related to some occasions. Megawati Soekarnoputri is the only female President of Indonesia so far. The study involved understanding of Megawati Soekarnoputri with her audience. There are 3 speeches taken from some sources on internet. The articles contain the script used by Megawati Soekarnoputri. The method of the research is descriptive qualitative. The analysis deals with the usage of aspect of tenor that can be found in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches. The aspects of tenor is divided into 4 aspects, they are 1) Power 2) Contact 3) Affective Involvement 4) Formality. The reason why Megawati Soekarnoputri used tenor in her speeches is because tenor deals with the way people speak. The tenor system in this finding indicated the personal relationship between the people concerned is highly formal and equal power.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The writer’s supreme praise and gratitude go to Heavenly Father and Jesus Christ for blessings, mercy, guidance, strength, and help which have been given to him so he can finish this thesis well.

This thesis was written in order to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Department of Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.

In the completion of this thesis, the writer was greatly indebted to many people which without their help; he will not be able to complete this thesis properly. Therefore, on this occasion the writer would like to express his gratitude and appreciation to:

 Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si. as the Rector of State University of Medan.

 Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum. as the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan and to all her staffs.

 Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd. as the Head of English Department, Dra. Rahmah, M.Hum. as the Secretary of English Department, and Dra. Meisuri, MA as the Head of Non-Educational English Program thanks for their educational and non-educational help during the writer’s academic years in English Department of State University of Medan.

 Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum. as the writer’s Thesis Supervisor who has helped him patiently finishing this thesis by giving guidance, constructive suggestions, correction, and motivation, since the preliminary manuscript until the completion of this thesis.

 Dr. Siti Aisyah Dinting, M.Pd. as the writer’s Academic Counselor who has given advice and support during his study.

 All lecturers of English Department for lessons, advices and useful knowledge.

 Mam Enda and Mam Indri for their kind help in providing academic administrations to the writer.

 The best family of the author, his beloved Mom, Mrs. E br. Nainggolan, the truly inspiring number one man, his Dad, Mr. James Sidabutar, his sister Nurisa Anggraeny, S.S. and his brother Tomi Dion Sidbutar, for their endless love, support, encouragement, motivation, prayers, and laughter shared during the writer’s life. He loves them so much. Also his great family for the support during the completion of this thesis.

 The writer’s girlfriend Juli Yanti “Petot” Damanik for the love, and tremendous help and support so far. The writer’s special colleagues: Yuni

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Alfiana, Giel Utami Putri, Ulfian Haitami (Lagee), Julianti Hairani S for the friendship, love, helps, laughter and tears, and for all the sweet and happy memories shared. He loves them all the way and will never forget them.

 All seniors in English Department who have helped him with his thesis. It means a lot to him. All of the writer’s friends in Applied Linguistics A and B 2008, for having a great time studying, playing poker, playing playstation and having lunch at DPR and under the stairs. He will be missing those memories.

 Everyone who has been involved directly or indirectly in the writing of this thesis that can not be mentioned one by one, and thanks for all the memories that the writer got during his study at his beloved campus. Thank you very much. May God bless us all. Amin.

Medan, August 2012 The Writer,

Riko T P Sidabutar NIM. 208222052

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LIST OF APPENDIX

Appendix I Analyzing the aspects of tenor... 43 Appendix II The speeches……….. 44

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. The Background of The Study

One part of culture is the language. Language as a meaning has a very important function in people daily life. People need language to socialize with others because they don’t want to get isolated. According to Halliday (2002) one of the functions of language is to provide for interaction between people, by allowing the expression of statuses, judgments, and the like; and this includes participation in linguistic interaction. Language itself defines as the roles which people may take situations in which they are communicating with one another. Many factors influence the use of language, and one of them is social factor. Certain factors like the social context of the talk, to whom people are talking to, the function and the topic of discussion turn out to be important for language choice in many different kinds of speech community. The factors that are mentioned turn out to be the cause of language variety.

A register is a language variety which is based on the use. It is different from dialect which is also a language variety based on the user. The scope of register is not only on the choice of words, but also on the choice of other linguistic aspects. There are many registers in this world such as meeting register, truck drivers’ register, school register, and military register. A register is related to social context.

Register analysis is derived from Halliday’s systemic functional grammar that is geared to the study of language as communication, seeing meaning in the

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writer’s linguistic choice and systematically relating these choices to a wider sociocultural framework (Munday, 2001: 90).

According to Halliday, there is a strong interrelation between the “surface -level realizations of the linguistic functions and the sociocultural framework” (Munday, 2001: 90). Register consists of three types; they are Field, Mode and Tenor. Field concerns with the topic of situation or in another word what is going on or what activity is taking place. Mode is about who takes part in a situation and where the situation takes place. Meanwhile, Tenor deals with things that influence the situation. How the social role relationship is played by addressee and addresser.

This study attempts to discuss one of the three types of register, it is Tenor. The source text in this study is the Scripts of Megawati Soekarnoputri’s Speeches. Tenor, that is interpersonal meaning, is concerned more with the interaction between the speaker and addressee; influence his behavior and how the speaker expresses his viewpoint. Tenor is then identifiable through the analysis of the mood, modality and evaluation. In short, tenor sees how participants work together so that they can maintain the communication process to reach their objectivities. Tenor also proposes a direct claim about the link between language and context. The claim, then, is that these aspects of our role occupation in a given situation will have an impact on how we use language.

People sometimes don’t realize the way they speak can show the aspects of Tenor like status, formality, contact, and affection. They are affected by the wealth, ethnicity, position, age, geographical origins, sex, knowledge, and

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physical appearance of the speaker. The expressions of tenor in grammar reveal the relative power and the status of people taking part and the level of their involvement.

The script sample of Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speech can be seen as following: “Saudara-saudara,

Penerimaan atas pidato 1 Juni 1945 oleh keseluruhan anggota BPUPK sangat mudah dimengerti, mengapa Pancasila diterima secara aklamasi. Hal ini bukan saja karena intisari dari substansi yang dirumuskan Bung Karno memiliki akar yang kuat dalam sejarah panjang Indonesia, tapi nilai-nilai yang melekat di dalamnya melewati sekat-sekat subyektifitas dari sebuah peradaban dan waktu. “ The aspects of tenor from this script sample can be seen as the below.

Status: Equal Formality: Formal Affect: Positive

Contact: Infrequent

It can be seen that Megawati Soekarnoputri’s statement has the equal status with the addressee, although she is a chairwoman of political party.

Megawati Soekarnoputri is one and the only female President of Indonesia so far. She was the fifth President during 2001-2004. She is Javanese and descendant of Soekarno who was The First President of Indonesia. This study will help readers and students to know about tenor in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches.

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B. The Problem of the Study

The problems of this study are formulated as the following:

1. How are power, formality, and contact realized in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches?

2. How is the affective involvement employed in Megawati Soekarnoputri’speeches?

3. Why is tenor relationship realizing the way it is?

C. The Scope of the Study

The study is to describe how are the formality, the status, the contact, and the affection involvement in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches.

D. The Objective of the Study

The objectives of the study are to describe:

1. How the formality is realized in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches

2. How status configuration is employed in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches

3. How affection is stated in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches 4. How is contact configuration in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches

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E. The Significance of the Study

Findings of the study are expected to give some knowledge:

1. The findings will hopefully give benefit to the students and readers who want to know about tenor, especially for those who like Megawati Soekarnoputri. Secondly,

2. The findings are expected to give information about how to speak well according to the place and situation.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusion

After analyzing the aspects of tenor that were used by Megawati Soekarnoputri in her speech, he following conclusion were drawn:

1. The power, formality and contact that were realized in Megawati

Soekarnoputri’s speeches were equal power, formal language, and

infrequent contact.

2. In affective involvement, Megawati used low involvement.

3. Megawati Soekarnoputri used tenor because tenor deals with the way people speak.

B. Suggestion

Concerning to the conclusion, it is suggested that:

1. For students, it was suggested to know about tenor in order to be able to speak in front of many people in proper way.

2. It was hoped that the reader should consider using the aspects of tenor for making a good speech.

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REFERENCES

Baird, A.C, Franklin, H.K and Samuel, L.B. 1971. General Speech

Communication. New York: MC Grow. Hill inc.

Burns, Anne and Caroline Coffin.2001. Analysing English in A Global Context: A

Reader. London: Macquarie University and The Open University.

Eggins, S. 1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistic. London : st.Martin.

Gerot, L.and P.Wignell.1994. Making sense of Functional Grammar. Sydney: Gerd Stabler.

Halliday, M.A.K. 2002. Lingiustic Studies of Text and Discourse. London: Jonathan Webster.

Halliday, M.A.K. & Hasan, Ruqaiya. 1976. Cohesion in English.

London: Longman Group

Martin, J.R. 1992. English Text : Sytems and Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Munday, Jeremy. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies : Theories and

Applications. London: Routledge.

Punch, Keith. 1998. Introduction to Social Research. London: Sage Publication Ltd.

Richards, C.Jack. 2001. Curriculum Development in Teaching language in

Teaching. USA: Cambridge Language Education.

Saragih, Amrin. 2004. Discurse Analysis: A Systemic Functional Approach The

Analysis of Texts. Medan: State University of Medan.

Strauss, Anselm and Juliet Corbin. 2003. Dasar-dasar Penelitian Kualitatif. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Offset.

Thompson, Geoff. 1996. Introducing Functional Grammar. China.

http://beritasore.com/2011/06/01/pidato-kebangsaan-presiden-republik-indonesia-ke-5-megawati-soekarnoputri/, accessed on May 3, 2012 at 15.00

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawati_Soekarnoputri, accessed on May 3, 2012 at 14.00

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http://pdiperjuangankudus.blogspot.com/2011/01/refleksi-akhir-tahun.html, accessed on May 3, 2012 at 14.00

http://sembirink.wordpress.com/2010/04/07/pidato-politik-megawati-soekarno-putri/, accessed on May 3, 2012 at 15.00

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physical appearance of the speaker. The expressions of tenor in grammar reveal the relative power and the status of people taking part and the level of their involvement.

The script sample of Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speech can be seen as following: “Saudara-saudara,

Status: Equal Formality: Formal Affect: Positive

Contact: Infrequent

It can be seen that Megawati Soekarnoputri’s statement has the equal status with the addressee, although she is a chairwoman of political party.

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B. The Problem of the Study

The problems of this study are formulated as the following:

1. How are power, formality, and contact realized in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches?

2. How is the affective involvement employed in Megawati Soekarnoputri’speeches?

3. Why is tenor relationship realizing the way it is?

C. The Scope of the Study

The study is to describe how are the formality, the status, the contact, and the affection involvement in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches.

D. The Objective of the Study

The objectives of the study are to describe:

1. How the formality is realized in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches

2. How status configuration is employed in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches

3. How affection is stated in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches 4. How is contact configuration in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches

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E. The Significance of the Study

Findings of the study are expected to give some knowledge:

1. The findings will hopefully give benefit to the students and readers who want to know about tenor, especially for those who like Megawati Soekarnoputri. Secondly,

2. The findings are expected to give information about how to speak well according to the place and situation.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusion

After analyzing the aspects of tenor that were used by Megawati Soekarnoputri in her speech, he following conclusion were drawn:

1. The power, formality and contact that were realized in Megawati Soekarnoputri’s speeches were equal power, formal language, and infrequent contact.

2. In affective involvement, Megawati used low involvement.

3. Megawati Soekarnoputri used tenor because tenor deals with the way people speak.

B. Suggestion

Concerning to the conclusion, it is suggested that:

1. For students, it was suggested to know about tenor in order to be able to speak in front of many people in proper way.

2. It was hoped that the reader should consider using the aspects of tenor for making a good speech.

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REFERENCES

Baird, A.C, Franklin, H.K and Samuel, L.B. 1971. General Speech Communication. New York: MC Grow. Hill inc.

Burns, Anne and Caroline Coffin.2001. Analysing English in A Global Context: A Reader. London: Macquarie University and The Open University.

Eggins, S. 1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistic. London : st.Martin.

Gerot, L.and P.Wignell.1994. Making sense of Functional Grammar. Sydney: Gerd Stabler.

Halliday, M.A.K. 2002. Lingiustic Studies of Text and Discourse. London: Jonathan Webster.

Halliday, M.A.K. & Hasan, Ruqaiya. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman Group

Martin, J.R. 1992. English Text : Sytems and Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Munday, Jeremy. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies : Theories and Applications. London: Routledge.

Punch, Keith. 1998. Introduction to Social Research. London: Sage Publication Ltd.

Richards, C.Jack. 2001. Curriculum Development in Teaching language in Teaching. USA: Cambridge Language Education.

Saragih, Amrin. 2004. Discurse Analysis: A Systemic Functional Approach The Analysis of Texts. Medan: State University of Medan.

Strauss, Anselm and Juliet Corbin. 2003. Dasar-dasar Penelitian Kualitatif. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Offset.

Thompson, Geoff. 1996. Introducing Functional Grammar. China.

http://beritasore.com/2011/06/01/pidato-kebangsaan-presiden-republik-indonesia-ke-5-megawati-soekarnoputri/, accessed on May 3, 2012 at 15.00

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawati_Soekarnoputri, accessed on May 3, 2012 at 14.00

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http://pdiperjuangankudus.blogspot.com/2011/01/refleksi-akhir-tahun.html, accessed on May 3, 2012 at 14.00

http://sembirink.wordpress.com/2010/04/07/pidato-politik-megawati-soekarno-putri/, accessed on May 3, 2012 at 15.00

TENOR IN MEGAWATI SOEKARNO PUTRIS SPEECHES.